Effects Of Microbial Phytase Supplementation Research Articles

PSI-11 Determination of standardized total tract phosphorus digestibility in expeller-pressed Canadian prairie grown soybean meal fed to growing pigs

Abstract The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in soybean expeller (SBE), and 2) to examine the effects of microbial phytase supplementation on ATTD and STTD of P in SBE. A total of 48 growing barrows (body weight = 15.5 ± 0.7 kg, mean ± SD) were assigned to 1 of 8 dietary treatments (4 with 500 phytase units/kg and 4 without phytase) in a completely randomized design to give 6 replicates per treatment. SBE was the only source of P in diets. Four SBEs were used in the experiment, with three derived from soybeans grown in Manitoba (MB1, MB2, and MB3) whereas the fourth was derived from soybeans grown in Ontario. The experiment was conducted over 3 consecutive 12-d periods; within each period the initial 7 d were for adaptation followed by 5 d for total fecal collection (marker to marker procedure). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Fixed effects were the type of SBE and phytase whereas period was included as a random effect in the model. Dry matter (DM), Ca and P content was analyzed in diets and feces. The ATTD and STTD of P were not affected by the source of SBE and averaged 63.0% and 69.9%, respectively. Phytase supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.001) P digestibility in all SBE types. The ATTD and STTD values of P with phytase supplementation averaged 72.8% and 79.7%, respectively. There was no interaction effect between type of SBE and phytase supplementation. The ATTD of Ca (P < 0.001) in MB2 was significantly less (55.7%) than in the other SBEs whose values averaged71.6%. Ca digestibility was not affected by phytase inclusion. In conclusion, the ATTD and STTD of P were not different among the SBE types. Phytase supplementation increases the P digestibility in SBE irrespective of source.

Effects of Microbial Phytase Supplementation on Egg Production and Egg Quality in Hy-line Brown Hens During the Late Laying Period.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of microbial phytase on egg production and egg quality in older hens. A total of 216, 63-week-old Hy-line brown laying hens were distributed in a randomized complete design 10-week feeding trial of 3 dietary treatments with 12 replications per treatment and 6 hens per replication. The 3 dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets supplemented with 0% (CON), 0.06% (TRT1), and 0.12% (TRT2) microbial phytase. Significantly higher hen-day egg production was observed in the TRT1 treatment compared to CON (P<0.05), except during the first two weeks of the experiment. During weeks 3, 4, and 9, TRT2 had a greater hen-day egg production percentage than CON (P<0.05). The damaged egg ratio was not affected. The egg quality parameters (e.g., eggshell color, eggshell strength, albumen height, egg weight, and the Haugh unit) were affected by microbial phytase supplementation (P<0.05). However, there were no significant effects on the eggshell thickness and yolk color. In conclusion, microbial phytase supplementation to the diets of older hens could improve production performance, extend the peak laying period, and alter the egg quality parameters.

Effect of microbial phytase supplementation on P digestibility in pigs: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this meta-analysis were to determine to which extent phosphorus (P) digestibility and digestible P concentration in pig diets were increased by phytase supplementation and to quantify factors that potentially influence effects of phytase supplementation. A data set with a total of 547 data lines was compiled from 88 experiments published in 74 peer-reviewed papers between 2007 and April 2019. An exponential model was determined as more suitable to describe the response of P digestibility to phytase supplementation than a polynomial model. Phytase supplementation increased P digestibility by 25.6 percentage points (standard error (SE) = 1.54) to a plateau at 64.9% (SE = 1.82). The digestible P concentration was increased by phytase supplementation in the order of 1.01 g/kg (SE = 0.102) to a plateau at 2.62 g/kg (SE = 0.122). Goodness-of-fit criteria were R2 = 0.780 and root mean square error = 7.55% for P digestibility, and R2 = 0.691 and root mean square error = 0.48 g/kg for digestible P concentration. Consideration of further factors such as mineral P supplementation (yes or no), ad libitum vs. restrictive feeding, mixed diets vs. single feed ingredients, sex and age of pigs did not increase the accuracy of prediction in this data set. Some of these traits exhibited responses, but they likely are artefacts generated through the imbalanced structure of the data set. Effects of dietary total P, phytate (InsP6), InsP6-P to total P ratio, and Ca on the effect of supplemented phytase were not quantifiable. The present meta-analysis showed that responses to phytase supplementation can be well predicted although variation in P digestibility and digestible P concentration in the data set was high. Overall, predicted effects of phytase on P digestibility well corresponded to predictions made 25 years ago.

The effect of microbial phytase supplementation of sorghum-canola meal diets with no added inorganic phosphorus on growth performance, apparent total-tract phosphorus, calcium, nitrogen and energy utilization, bone measurements, and serum variables of growing and finishing swine

Two experiments were conducted with growing and finishing swine to determine the effect of phytase supplementation of sorghum-canola meal diets without added inorganic phosphorus (iP) on growth performance, apparent total-tract P, calcium (Ca), nitrogen (N), and energy utilization, bone strength, bone ash, serum Ca and P concentrations, and serum phosphatase activity. For Exp. 1, 42 crossbred barrows in individual metabolism cages were fed a P-deficient diet for 7 d before starting a 28-d experiment at 24.8 kg body weight (BW). Experiment 1 had 7 treatments that were a negative control (NC) diet supplemented with 0, 400, 800, 1200, or 1600 U of Aspergillus niger (AN) phytase/kg, a positive control (PC) diet, and the PC diet supplemented with 1200 U of AN phytase/kg. Fecal and urine collections were made from d 21–26. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 14, and 28. For Exp. 2, 126 growing-finishing crossbred swine with an initial BW of 21.6 kg were group-fed (3 pigs/pen) in 3 phases (grower, early-finisher, and late-finisher). Experiment 2 had 6 treatments that were a NC diet for each phase supplemented with 0, 200, 400, 600, or 800 U of AN phytase/kg and a PC diet. Fecal collections were made from d 49–54. Blood samples were collected on d 35, 63, and 91. For both experiments, 400 U of AN phytase/kg of diet was adequate (P ≤ 0.05) for growth performance compared with the PC treatment groups. For Exp. 1, apparent total-tract P absorption and retention plateaued at 1200 U of AN phytase/kg of diet (P < 0.01), with fecal Ca and P excretion reduced 22.4% and 28.6%, respectively, compared with the PC treatment group. However, pigs fed the PC + 1200 U of AN phytase/kg absorbed and retained more P (g/d, P < 0.01) than any other treatment group. For Exp. 2, apparent total-tract P absorption, bone strength, and bone ash weight plateaued at 600 U of AN phytase/kg of diet (P < 0.01), with fecal P excretion reduced 29.4% compared with the PC treatment group. For both experiments, the AN phytase treatments did not increase Ca, N, or energy absorption (amount/d or % of intake), and had no effect on serum Ca and P concentrations, or the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase, total acid phosphatase, or tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.

Efficacy of phytase supplementation in improving mineral digestibility in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on canola meal-based diets

A feeding trial of ten weeks was conducted to evaluate the effect of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral digestibility in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on canola meal-based diets. The experiment consisted of a reference diet and a basal diet. The reference diet was prepared according to the requirements of L. rohita and was used as a standard diet. The basal diet was made by replacing 30% reference diet with canola meal which was used as the test ingredient in this experiment. Seven test diets were prepared by spraying graded levels (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 FTU kg-1) of phytase on canola meal-based basal diet to assess the optimal dose required to achieve best performance in terms of mineral digestibility coefficients. Chromic oxide was incorporated as an indigestible marker in the diets. Phytase supplementation significantly increased mineral digestibility in L. rohita fingerlings at 750 FTU kg-1 followed by that at 1000 FTU kg-1 as compared to the reference diet. The results of our study suggested that phytase supplementation in canola meal-based diet at the rate of 750 FTU kg-1 is optimum to release sufficient chelated minerals in L. rohita.

Effect of citric acid and microbial phytase on serum enzyme activities and plasma minerals retention in broiler chicks

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of microbial phytase supplementation and citric acid in broiler chicks fed corn-soybean meal base diets on enzyme activities and some blood parameters of serum and plasma minerals concentration in Ross 308 strain broilers. The data was analysed using a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of 3×3, three levels of citric acids (0, 3 and 6%) and three levels of phytase (0, 500 and 1000 enzyme unit per kg). There were three replicates for each treatment that total to 270 chicks for the whole experiment. The results indicated that addition of citric acid to diets caused significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase (P<0.05), lactate dehydrogenase (P<0.01) activities, cholesterol (P<0.05) and plasma phosphorus (P) (P<0.01) and Fe (P<0.05) concentrations. Microbial phytase caused significant decrease (P<0.01) in serum enzyme activities and plasma Fe concentration and significantly increased (P<0.01) aspartate aminotransferase activity, triglyceride and plasma P concentration. Microbial phytase and citric acid could modify some serum enzyme activities and increase the availability and use of minerals for growth and performance improvement of broilers. It is therefore necessary to re-evaluate mineral requirements of broiler chickens when a diet is supplemented with phytase and citric acid. Key words : Citric acid, microbial phytase, plasma minerals, serum enzyme activity, broilers.

Effects of Microbial Phytase Supplementation on Mineral Composition of Tibia and Mineral Utilization in Broiler Fed Maize - Based Diets

An experiment was conducted to determine effect of supplementing maize - based diet with different levels of microbial phytase on apparent nutrient bioavailability and tibia bone mineral of broilers. Eighty, day-old broiler were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments. The control diet contained 0 FTU/kg microbial phytase which was replaced by 200, 400, 600 and 800 FTU/kg microbial phytase of the basal feed combinations. Phytase supplementation of diet increased P, Ca, Zn, Cu and Phytate - P bioavailability significantly with 800 FTU/kg microbial phytase inclusion. No significant (p>0.05) difference was observed in the calcium content (r = 0.94) of the tibia bone of birds fed diets 400 (38.90%), 600 (38.91%) and 800 (39.08%) FTU/kg microbial phytase. Although, the phosphorus contents of birds fed diets containing 200 FTU/kg, 400 FTU/kg and 600 FTU/kg were not significantly (p>0.05) different, the copper and iron levels were however vary significantly. The result also showed a significant correlation (r = 0.98) between the phytase level and phytate phosphorus.

Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Non Phytate Phosphorus Diets Supplemented with Microbial Phytase

An experiment was conducted with 270 broiler chicks to examine the effect of microbial phytase supplementation to low non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diets on growth performance, bone mineralisation and nutrients retention during 1 to 21 days of age. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 0.30, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.45% NPP with the two lowest NPP levels (0.30 and 0.35%) supplemented with microbial phytase (500FTU per kg diet). Each diet was offered ad libitum to 9 replicates of 5 chicks each throughout the experimental period. The performance in terms of body weight gain, feed intake and feed/gain was significantly depressed in chicks fed lowest level of NPP (0.30%). Supplementation of phytase to either 0.30 or 0.35% NPP diet significantly improved body weight gain and feed conversion, which was comparable with 0.40% NPP diet. The leg abnormality increased and, tibia ash and tibia breaking strength decreased significantly in diets containing 0.30 and 0.35% NPP. Increasing NPP level to 0.40% or supplementing 500FTU phytase/kg diet to 0.30 and 0.35% NPP diets alleviated leg abnormality and enhanced tibia breaking strength and ash content. Serum Ca concentration was not influenced, but serum concentration of P and protein increased significantly either by enhancing NPP content to 0.40% or supplementing microbial phytase to 0.30 and 0.35% NPP diet. The nitrogen retention was significantly higher in 0.40% NPP diet compared with lower levels (0.30 or 0.35% NPP). Supplementation of microbial phytase to low NPP diet (0.30 and 0.35%) significantly increased nitrogen retention. The excretion of nitrogen decreased significantly in phytase-supplemented group compared with that of either 0.40 or 0.45% NPP diet. It is concluded that microbial phytase supplementation (500FTU/kg diet) to low NPP (0.30%) maize-soybean meal based poultry diets enhanced performance, increased retention nutrients (N, Ca and P) and improved bone mineralisation.

Effects of Microbial Phytase Supplementation on Feed Consumption and Egg Production of Laying Hens

In this study, the effects of microbial phytase supplementation in diets were investigated on feed intake, egg production and feed efficiency in laying hens. The experiment was carried out between the July 15 to October 15 . 120 Nick Chick White hens at 210 days of age were divided into four groups of 40 each. th th Each cage contained 5 hens. Treatment groups were fed the basal diet (Control Group) or the basal diet supplemented with 300 U/kg of microbial phytase (Group A) and 600 U/kg of microbial phytase (Group B). Birds in each group were fed a balanced diet ad libitum. Daily feed intake, feed efficiency, egg production and egg weight differed between treatment groups (P<0.01). However initial and final body weights were similar in all groups. It can be concluded that supplementation of microbial phytase to diets improved hen productivity.

Effect of microbial phytase on production performance of White Leghorn layers fed on a diet low in non-phytate phosphorus

1. An experiment with 150 White Leghorn layers was conducted to examine the effect of microbial phytase supplementation of low non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diets on egg production, eggshell quality, bone mineralisation and retention of nutrients at 32–48 weeks of age. 2. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 1·2, 1·8, 2·4 and 3·0 g NPP/kg diet with the two lowest NPP (1·2 and 1·8) supplemented with microbial phytase (Biofeed Phytase, India) at 500 FTU per kg diet. Each diet was offered ad libitum to 5 replicates of 5 layers throughout the experiment. 3. Body weight gain was reduced significantly in the layers fed on the 1·2 g/kg NPP diet as compared to those given diets containing 1·8–3·0 g/kg. Addition of phytase to the 1·2 g/kg diet significantly enhanced the body weight and was comparable with those given diets containing 1·8–3·0 g/kg NPP. 4. No additional advantage resulted from enhancing the NPP levels beyond 1·8 g/kg or adding phytase to a diet containing 1·8 g/kg NPP. 5. Hen d egg production, food intake, food efficiency, shell weight, shell thickness, shell strength and tibia strength followed the same trends as above. However, adding phytase to the 1·8 g/kg NPP diet significantly enhanced tibia ash. Egg weight, specific gravity and Haugh units were influenced by neither NPP concentration nor phytase supplementation. 6. Adding phytase to the 1·2 g/kg NPP diet significantly enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus retention. 7. It was concluded that addition of 500 FTU of microbial phytase/kg diet can allow the reduction of NPP content to 1·2 g/kg in the layer diet, eliminate inorganic phosphorus supplementation and results in significant reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion without affecting the production performance of layers.

Mineral status of Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton) fingerlings in relation to supplemental phytase: absorption, whole-body and bone mineral content

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to quantify the effects of microbial phytase supplementation on apparent absorption, whole body and bone contents of minerals in Pangasius pangasius fingerlings. Seven isoprotein (35.67%) and isocaloric (3870 kcal kg(-1)) diets were prepared with graded levels of supplemental phytase at 0 (T1), 150 (T2), 250 (T3), 350 (T4), 500 (T5), 1000 (T6) and 2000 (T7) FTU (Phytase Units) kg(-1). Three hundred and fifteen fingerlings of P. pangasius (1.97-2.05 g) were randomly distributed in seven treatments with three replicates each. There was significant increase (P<0.05) in tissue protein content in phytase-supplemented groups compared with the control. Apparent absorptions of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), potassium (K), copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the phytase-supplemented groups than the control group. Faecal ash and P contents were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the control (T1) than the phytase-supplemented groups. Whole-body contents of Ca, P. Zn, Fe, Cu and Co were significantly (P<0.05) improved by the dietary supplementation of phytase-barring Mg and Mn. Concentrations of bone Ca, P, K, Cu and Co were significantly (P<0.05) higher in phytase-supplemented groups. Bone ash contents (40.77-44.85%) were increased concomitantly with the increased level of phytase inclusion upto 500 FTU kg(-1) diet. It was observed that a minimum dose of 250 FTU phytase kg(-1) diet improved the mineral absorption and utilization in P. pangasius fingerlings.

Effects of Microbial Phytase Supplementation in Corn Distiller's Dried Grain with Solubles on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of microbial phytase in corn distiller's dried grain with solubles (DDGS) on apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) and growth performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. In experiment 1, DDGS was supplemented with phytase at 0,300,600,900, and 1200 FTU/kg diet. A total of 180 fish (129.1±9.3 g) were stocked into six 140-L tanks with 30 fish/tank. Fish were assigned randomly to a reference diet and each of the 5 diets containing DDGS. Yttrium oxide was used as an inert marker. Results showed that ADCs in DDGS supplemented with different dosages of phytase were: dry matter, 49.1-58.6%; crude fat, 78.9-88.9%; crude protein, 80.0-91.9%; gross energy, 50.5-66.6%; minerals, -7.3-99.7%; and amino acids: 73.9 to 96.8%. In experiment 2, abasal diet containing 15% DDGS supplemented with lysine and methionine was used to determine if trace mineral supplemental levels in rainbow trout diets could be reduced if microbial phytase was supplemented. Six diets were made with trace mineral premix supplementation at 0.1, 0.08, 0.06, 0.04, 0.02, and 0%. Phytase was not supplemented in the basal diet, but supplemented at 500 FTU/kg diet in all other diets. Ten-week results showed that there were no significant differences in fish weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and survival (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in fish body composition and apparent nutrient retention among fish fed all diets, except that fish fed a diet without trace mineral supplementation had the lowest zinc level and the highest manganese retention. Results indicated that phytase was effective in releasing most of minerals, and that trace mineral supplementation level could be reduced when phytase was used in rainbow trout diets.

Effects of Microbial Phytase Supplementation and Dosage on Apparent Digestibility Coefficients of Nutrients and Dry Matter in Soybean Product‐Based Diets for Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

AbstractThree experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of microbial phytase (Ronozyme P(L) and dosage on apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, amino acids, and minerals in soybean product‐based diets for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. In experiments 1 and 2, fish were fed soy protein concentrate and soybean meal‐based semi‐purified diets, respectively. In experiment 3, fish were fed soybean meal‐based practical diets. A total of 900 fish (average body weight 100.1 ± 7.4 g) were stocked into 30 150‐L fiberglass tanks with 30 fish per tank and two tanks per diet. Phytase was supplemented into soybean product‐based diets at 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 FTU/kg diet. Yttrium oxide (0.01%) was used as inert marker. Feces were collected by hand stripping three times at 3‐d intervals. Results of experiments 1 and 2 showed that phytase supplementation significantly increased apparent digestibility coefficients of minerals (except copper and iron), but not dry matter. Experiment 3 showed that phytase supplementation significantly increased apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, amino acids (except tryptophan and tyrosine), and minerals (except copper and iron). The optimum level of phytase supplementation in rainbow trout diets was approximately 500 FTU/kg diet.

Effects of phytase supplementation of phosphorus-adequate, lysine-deficient, wheat-based diets on growth performance of weaner pigs

The effects of microbial phytase supplementation of phosphorus-adequate, wheat-based diets with available lysine : energy density ratios ranging from 0.75 to 0.90 g available lysine/MJ DE on growth performance of weaner pigs were investigated in 3 studies. In the first study, increasing levels of dietary phytate depressed growth rates (P &lt; 0.08) and efficiency of feed conversion (P &lt; 0.01) and phytase supplementation enhanced growth rates (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to improve feed efficiency (P &lt; 0.15). There were no significant interactions between dietary phytate and phytase inclusion to support the hypothesis that dietary substrate levels of phytate govern responses to phytase. However, in this and other studies, percentage increases in efficiency of feed conversion generated by phytase were positively correlated to dietary phytate concentrations to a significant extent (P &lt; 0.005), so it is possible that dietary substrate levels are of importance to the magnitude of responses following phytase supplementation. Diets with 3 levels of protein, expressed as 0.80, 0.85, and 0.90 g available lysine/MJ DE, were offered to pigs without and with phytase in the second study. Protein/amino acid levels or lysine : energy density ratios did not influence growth performance, which was not expected. However, phytase tended to increase growth rates (P &lt; 0.08) and improved feed efficiency (P &lt; 0.01). Although it is believed that phytase may have a positive influence on protein utilisation, this was not demonstrated in this experiment. In the third study, the simultaneous inclusion of phytase and xylanase feed enzymes in wheat-based weaner diets did not increase growth performance responses in comparison with phytase alone. Individually, phytase improved feed efficiency (P &lt; 0.05) and numerically increased growth rates (P &lt; 0.25). Although responses in growth performance of weaner pigs following phytase supplementation lacked consistency, they were generally positive and indicative of anti-nutritive properties of phytate that are unrelated to P availability. That these positive responses were observed in diets with suboptimal available lysine : energy density ratios is consistent with the possibility that phytate has a negative influence on protein utilisation, which is ameliorated by phytase. However, these antinutritive effects and their underlying mechanisms need to be better defined if full advantage of the potential protein-sparing effects of microbial phytase is to be taken.

Effect of phytase inclusion and calcium/phosphorus ratio on the performance and nutrient retention of grower–finisher pigs fed barley/wheat/soya bean meal‐based diets

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) level and calcium (Ca)/total P (tP) ratio on the efficacy of microbial phytase. Experiment 1 examined the effects of P concentration and microbial phytase inclusion on mineral excretion and pig performance, while experiment 2 examined the effects of Ca/tP ratio and microbial phytase inclusion on mineral excretion and pig performance. In experiment 1, nutrient and mineral digestibility (n = 4) and growth performance (n = 12) were determined in pigs individually fed diets containing (T1) 5.5 g kg−1 tP, 2.3 g kg−1 available P (aP) and 8.0 g kg−1 Ca, (T2) 5.5 g kg−1 tP, 2.3 g kg−1 aP, 8.0 g kg−1 Ca and 750 FYT kg−1 Peniophora lycii phytase, (T3) 4.3 g kg−1 tP, 1.4 g kg−1 aP and 8.0 g kg−1 Ca and (T4) 4.3 g kg−1 tP, 1.4 g kg−1 aP, 8.0 g kg−1 Ca and 750 FYT kg−1 P lycii phytase. In experiment 2, nutrient and mineral digestibility (n = 4) and growth performance (n = 12) were determined in pigs individually fed diets containing (TT1) 4.3 g kg−1 tP and 8.0 g kg−1 Ca, (TT2) 4.3 g kg−1 tP, 8.0 g kg−1 Ca and 750 FYT kg−1 P lycii phytase, (TT3) 4.3 g kg−1 tP and 5.0 g kg−1 Ca and (TT4) 4.3 g kg−1 tP, 5.0 g kg−1 Ca and 750 FYT kg−1 P lycii phytase. All diets were formulated, using standard feeding values for the ingredients, to have similar concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and lysine. In experiment 1, pigs offered the low‐P diets had significantly lower P intake (P &lt; 0.001), faecal P excretion (P &lt; 0.05), Ca intake (P &lt; 0.05) and faecal Ca excretion (P &lt; 0.05) compared with pigs given the adequate‐P diets. These pigs also had significantly lower daily gain (P &lt; 0.01), feed intake (P &lt; 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P &lt; 0.05). The inclusion of phytase in both the adequate‐ and low‐P diets increased the digestibility of energy (P &lt; 0.05) and Ca (P &lt; 0.01) but had no effect on pig performance. In experiment 2, lowering the Ca/tP ratio from 1.85:1 to 1.15:1 increased the DE content of the diet (P &lt; 0.05). The inclusion of phytase increased (P &lt; 0.05) the digestibility of protein (0.874 versus 0.840, SEM 0.009) and Ca (0.427 versus 0.380, SEM 0.019) as well as the DE content of the diet (14.47 versus 14.26 MJ kg−1, SEM 0.073). There was a significant ratio × phytase interaction (P &lt; 0.5) for P digestibility. Microbial phytase significantly increased P digestibility when added to the 1.15:1 ratio diet but had no effect when added to the 1.85:1 ratio diet. The inclusion of microbial phytase increased feed intake (2.16 versus 2.00 kg day−1, SEM 0.05; P &lt; 0.05) and weight gain (0.893 versus 0.818 kg day−1, SEM 0.022; P &lt; 0.05). Lowering the Ca/tP ratio resulted in a significant improvement in FCR (2.32 versus 2.40 kg kg−1, SEM 0.03; P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, the beneficial effects of microbial phytase supplementation of pig diets are adversely affected by a wide Ca/tP ratio.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry

Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on mineral utilization and serum enzyme activities in broiler chicks fed different levels of phosphorus

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of microbial phytase (Natuphos 500) supplementation in chicks (0 to 6 wk of age) fed different levels of nonphytate phosphorus (nPP) on performance, mineral retention, bone and plasma minerals and serum enzyme activities. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of nPP for age periods of 1-d-old to 3 wk (0.35 and 0.22%) and 3 to 6 wk (0.27 and 0.14%) and two levels of phytase (0 and 500 U/kg) in each period. A positive control, adequate in nPP and Ca without phytase, was used. The low-nPP diets caused a negative effect on the performance (P < 0.05) compared to the normalnPP diet. Phytase had a favorable effect on weight gain at 3 wk (P < 0.004) and 6 wk (P < 0.0475) of age and on feed consumption only at 3 wk (P < 0.0106). Feed efficiency was not affected at any stage by addition of phytase. Performances of chicks fed with 0.35 and 0.27% nPP and phytase were comparable to those obtained with the normal-nPP diets. Decreasing nPP content in the diet increased (P < 0.0001) P retention at 3 and 6 wk of age, increased Mg retention at 6 wk, and decreased (P < 0.0001) Ca and Zn retentions at 3 and 6 wk, respectively. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.0001) Ca, P, Mg, and Zn retention at 3 and 6 wk of age. Likewise, the decrease in nPP content in the diet caused a significant reduction of tibia ash (P < 0.0023) and Mg content (P < 0.0001) in tibia ash and reduced liver (P < 0.0240), spleen (P < 0.0176), and tibia (P < 0.0001) weights. Similarly, Ca (P < 0.0369) and Zn (P < 0.0181) contents in tibia ash were increased in response to decreasing nPP levels in the diet. Phytase supplementation increased tibia weight (P < 0.0019), tibia ash (P < 0.0021), and Mg (P < 0.0339) and Zn (P < 0.0353) concentrations and reduced (P < 0.0161) the relative liver weight. By decreasing nPP levels in the diet, plasma Ca (P < 0.0001), Mg (P < 0.0001) and Zn (P < 0.0048) concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (P < 0.0299) increased, and plasma P content (P < 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (P < 0.0001), and total protein (TP) content (P < 0.0050) were reduced. Phytase supplementation increased plasma P level (P < 0.0001) and serum AST activity (P < 0.0049), reduced plasma Ca (P < 0.0001) and Mg (P < 0.0050) contents, and reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.0048), ALP (P < 0.0001) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.0192) activities. Plasma Zn was not affected by phytase supplementation. These results demonstrated that microbial phytase supplementation to low-P diets improved performance; P, Ca, Mg, and Zn use; and tibia weight and relative liver weight in broiler chickens. Likewise, serum AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH activities, as well as TP concentration, were also affected by phytase supplementation.

Effects of Microbial Phytase Supplementation to Low Phosphorus Diets on the Performance and Utilization of Nutrients in Broiler Chickens

Effects of Microbial Phytase Supplementation to Low Phosphorus Diets on the Performance and Utilization of Nutrients in Broiler Chickens

Effects of microbial phytase on growth and mineral utilisation in broilers fed on maize soyabean-based diets

1. A 3-week feeding trial with 96 sexed d-old broiler chickens was conducted to examine the effects of microbial phytase supplementation (Natuphos 5000) at 2 dietary energy concentrations on their performance, and the utilisation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) and on tibiae ash, Ca, P and Zn concentrations. Four replicate pens (6 birds per pen) of a completely randomised design were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 contents of metabolisable energy (11.72 and 12.55 MJ ME/kg) and 2 additions of phytase (0 and 500 U of microbial phytase/kg). 2. Phytase supplementation significantly improved the utilisation of N, P , Ca and Zn (as a percentage of intake) and increased the concentration of Ca and Zn in the tibiae (P <0.05) because of higher intakes of dry matter, N, P , Ca and Zn. Phytase also significantly reduced the amount of P in the excreta (P <0.05). 3. The AME content of the diet influenced significantly (P <0.05) the excretion of N, P , Ca and Zn and the concentration of P and Ca in tibiae with the birds fed on the high AME diet excreting more minerals and having a smaller percentage of these minerals in their tibiae. However, there were strong interactions between phytase addition and AME in tibia ash and P , with the phytase supplementation producing a higher ash content at the higher AME a and a lower P content at the lower AME.

Effects of Microbial Phytase Supplementation to Diets with Low Non-Phytate Phosphorus Levels on the Performance and Bioavailability of Nutrients in Laying Hens

Effects of Microbial Phytase Supplementation to Diets with Low Non-Phytate Phosphorus Levels on the Performance and Bioavailability of Nutrients in Laying Hens

Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on egg production, eggshell quality, and mineral retention of laying hens fed different levels of phosphorus

A 20-wk feeding trial (21 to 40 wk of age) was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase supplementation on egg production, egg quality, nutrient retention, and P excretion of laying hens fed diets containing different levels of P. Nine hundred and sixty ISA Brown hens were randomly allocated to completely randomized block arrangement of four diets: corn-soybean diet (1.4% tricalcium phosphate, TCP) without (T1, control) and with phytase (T2); 0.7% TCP (T3) or 0% TCP (T4) diet with phytase. Dietary microbial phytase was added at a level of 500 U/kg. Both hen-day and hen-housed egg production of T2 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than other treatments, which were not different among themselves. Egg weights were also significantly (P < 0.05) different among treatments ,with T2 being the highest. Feed consumption of T2 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than other treatments but feed conversion ratio was not significantly different from others. Specific gravity and shell thickness of the eggs were highest in the control (T1) but eggshell strength and broken egg to total egg ratio were not different among treatments. Haugh units were not different among treatments. Retention of Ca, P, Mg, Fe, and Zn were greater (P < 0.05) in phytase-supplemented groups. There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in excretion of ash, P, and Zn. The excretion of these components were highest in the control, whereas P excretion was significantly lower in the T3 and T4 groups. In conclusion, supplementation of the microbial phytase to normal corn-soybean diet improved egg production and can reduce TCP level in the diet without affecting egg production and egg quality. Significant reduction of P excretion can be also achieved.