Effect Of Mg Content Research Articles

Effect of Mg content on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical performance of hypoeutectic extruded Zn-Mg alloys

The effect of Mg addition on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical performance of two hypoeutectic Zn-Mg alloys with 0.68 and 1.89 wt% Mg content was studied and compared to pure Zn after extrusion. The SEM/EDX, EBSD, and XRD investigations were carried out to study the effect of alloying on (1) phases’ composition, morphology, and size and (2) crystallography of the grains and the dominating slip systems. Through the mentioned investigations, hypothesized strengthening mechanisms could be estimated to identify the contribution of solid solution, grain boundary, secondary phase, dislocation, and texture rations of strengthening to improve the overall calculated yield strength. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the yield tensile strength (YTS0.2 %), and the elongation to failure (Ef) of the pure and alloyed Zn and to compare the yield tensile strength with the computed ones. The combined impacts of the bimodal grains, the solubility of Mg, favorable morphology and distribution of secondary phase, and weakened bimodal basal texture with simultaneous twin-non basal slip mode deformation mechanisms resulted in an extraordinary strength-ductility synergy of the as extruded Zn-0.68Mg alloy (∼326 MPa and ∼16 %). The current research provides a new pathway for designing high-performance Zn-based alloys as an alternative load-bearing material for orthopedic implant applications.

Cross-rolling induced texture randomization and structural evolution for improved plastic isotropy in Al-Mg alloys with high Mg content

Plastic anisotropy is a key factor that affects the formability and performance of Al-Mg alloys. In this study, the effects of Mg content and strain path shifting from unidirectional rolling (UDR) to cross rolling processes (CR) on plastic anisotropy in Al-Mg alloys were investigated. Al-6 and 9Mg alloys were heat-treated and rolled in two different ways: the first was a UDR process, and the other was a CR process at room temperature. The rolled specimens were analyzed by electron backscattered diffraction method and tensile test. High Mg content suppresses the formation of texture that strengthens the plastic anisotropy in both UDR and CR processes. CR significantly reduces the rolling texture area fraction, leading to greater texture randomness compared to UDR. CR promotes the formation of low-angle deformation bands, which low-angle bands appear to have a weaker impact on deformation resistance and may contribute to the reduced anisotropy in CR-processed materials. CR results in a more uniform distribution of stored energy. R-value which represents plastic anisotropy decreases by shifting from UDR to CR, and by increment of Mg content. Overall, this study demonstrates that CR is a promising approach for improving the formability and performance of Al-Mg alloys by effectively controlling plastic anisotropy.

Corrosion behavior, antibacterial properties and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of biodegradable Zn-5Cu-xMg alloy for bone-implant applications

Reasonable optimization of degradation rate, antibacterial performance and biocompatibility is crucial for the development of biodegradable zinc alloy medical implant devices with antibacterial properties. In this study, various amounts of Mg elements were incorporated into Zn5Cu alloy to modulate the degradation rate, antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. The effects of Mg contents on the microstructure, corrosion behavior, antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of Zn-5Cu-xMg alloy were extensively investigated. The results revealed that with an increase of Mg content, the amount of Mg2Zn11 phase increased and its galvanic effect with the Zn matrix was enhanced, which accelerated the corrosion process and led to higher corrosion rate and high degradation rate of the alloy. Additionally, there was an increased release of Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions from the alloy which imparted excellent resistance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and improved biocompatibility, subcutaneous antibacterial and immune microenvironment regulation properties. Zn-5Cu-2 Mg exhibited superior antibacterial ability, cell compatibility, proliferation effect, subcutaneous antibacterial and immune microenvironment regulation performances, which can work as a promising candidate of biodegradable antibacterial medical implants.

Effect of Mg Content on the Shear Strength of Al-Si-Mg and Al-Si-Cu Alloys at Elevated Temperatures

Effect of Mg Content on the Shear Strength of Al-Si-Mg and Al-Si-Cu Alloys at Elevated Temperatures

The role of Mg content in regulating microstructures and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–ZnO composites fabricated via in-situ reaction sintering

Al–Mg-oxides composite system exhibits great potential for achieving aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) with exceptional mechanical properties. However, the effects of Mg element on in-situ reaction mechanism and precipitation behavior remains largely unknown. In this work, Al–Mg–ZnO composite was successfully fabricated by using segmented ball milling, reaction sintering and heat treatment, resulting in an ultimate tensile strength of ∼760 MPa and fracture elongation of ∼3.5 %. The Mg content-dependent reaction pathway and precipitation evolution were systematically investigated through thermodynamic analysis and microstructural characterization. The results revealed that the relatively high Mg content promotes the in-situ generation of the hybrid reinforcements composed of MgAl2O4 and MgO. Additionally, the semi-coherent reinforcement-matrix interface facilitates interfacial precipitation by reducing the energy barrier for nucleation. Consequently, solute-rich/vacancy-rich Guinier-Preston (GP) zones are activated to form η′ and T′ precipitates. These high-density nano-sized secondary phases contribute to the considerable strengthening effect of the composite. The present work provides valuable theoretical insight into the effect of Mg content on the microstructure evolution of Al–Mg–ZnO composite system, which offers promising avenues for achieving AMCs with superior mechanical properties.

Effect of Mg content on Cu precipitation behavior in Al-Cu-Mg ternary alloy by molecular dynamics simulation

To analyze the mechanism of the Mg content on Cu precipitation in Al-Cu-Mg ternary alloy, the microstructure evolution of Al-5%Cu, Al-5%Cu-1%Mg and Al-5%Cu-2%Mg alloys during the solidification process was investigated by both the molecular dynamics simulation and solidification experiment methods. The simulated results demonstrate that the introduction of Mg accelerates atomic diffusion. And as the Mg content increases, more large-sized Cu agglomerates are formed in the solidified tissue, due to the Mg plays a connecting role in the process of Cu agglomerate formation. It is also found that the introduction of Mg results in the development of more FCC phases in the final tissue. The experimental results show that Cu elements are concentrated in the Al crystal boundaries, and the degree of Cu enrichment increases with the level of Mg content. The physical phase analysis shows that the final organization is primarily composed of the Al phase and Al2Cu phase, and both phases increase slightly with a higher Mg rate. The consistency between experimental and simulation results was verified by a comparative discussion of the Cu agglomerated and precipitated phases. It provides a theoretical basis for improving Al-Cu-Mg alloys' performance enhancement and structural optimization.

MgO/KH2PO4 and Curing Moisture Content in MKPC Matrices to Optimize the Immobilization of Pure Al and Al-Mg Alloys.

Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cements (MKPCs) are considered a good alternative for the immobilization of aluminium radioactive waste. MKPC composition and moisture curing conditions are relevant issues to be evaluated. The corrosion of pure aluminium (A1050) and AlMg alloys (AA5754) with 3.5% of Mg is studied in MKPC systems prepared with different MgO/KH2PO4 (M/P) molar ratios (1, 2, and 3M) and moisture curing conditions (100% Relative Humidity (RH) and isolated in plastic containers (endogenous curing)). The Al corrosion potential (Ecorr) and corrosion kinetic (icorr and Vcorr) are evaluated over 90 days. Additionally, the pore ion evolution, the matrix electrical resistance, the pore structure, and compressive strength are analysed. The corrosion process of Al alloy is affected by the pH and ion content in the pore solution. The pore pH increases from near neutral for the 1M M/P ratio to 9 and 10 for the 2 and 3M M/P ratio, increasing in the same way the corrosion of pure Al (AA1050) and AlMg alloys (AA5754). The effect of Mg content in the alloy (AA5754) becomes more relevant with the increase in the M/P ratio. The presence of phosphate ions in the pore solution inhibits the corrosion process in both Al alloys. The MKPC physicochemical stability improved with the increase in the M/P ratio, higher mechanical strength, and more refined pore structure.

Effect of Mg content on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Zr wires produced by ECAP-Conform and drawing

Effect of Mg content on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Zr wires produced by ECAP-Conform and drawing

Effect of Mg Content on Precipitation Hardening Behavior of Al–Mg–Si–(Cu) Alloys

Effect of Mg Content on Precipitation Hardening Behavior of Al–Mg–Si–(Cu) Alloys

Effect of Mg content on microstructure and magnetic properties of ZnCoNiMg ferrite

Zn0.35Co0.05Ni0.60-xMgxFe1.96O4 ferrites (x = 0, 0.08, 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, 0.40) were prepared via a solid-state reaction. The phase composition and microstructure of the ferrite powders were analysed and the samples were determined to be pure spinel ferrites. At x = 0.24, the volume loss (PCV) of this ZnCoNiMg ferrite was as high as 829.23 mW/cm3. An increase in the amount of Mg substitution decreased the density of the ferrite sample, resulting in a larger PCV. Analysis of the magnetic hysteresis (M − H) loops revealed that ZnCoNiMg ferrites had the distinct magnetic properties of a soft magnetic ferrite. When x = 0.24, the reflection loss of this ZnCoNiMg ferrite sample had a minimum value of −36.713 dB under certain conditions. The more single domain particles, the more electromagnetic energy absorbed by ferromagnetic resonance effect. Based on these magnetic properties and absorption properties, the ZnCoNiMg ferrites have excellent potential for absorbing electromagnetic energy and are suitable for fabricating wave-absorbing materials.

Effects of Mg contents on microstructures and corrosion behaviors of homogenization Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys

This study delved into the influence of Mg content on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys. The findings unveiled that alloys featuring a moderate Mg content showcased an exceptionally low immersion corrosion rate of 0.0789 mm/a. A notable 22.3 % reduction in average grain size led to a significant 57.2 % drop in immersion corrosion rate. Furthermore, the augmentation of the Mg(Zn, Al, Cu)2 phase within the grains contributed to a decrease in the maximum immersion corrosion depth of the alloy. These novel findings offer fresh insights and hold potential for enhancing the corrosion resistance of homogenized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.

Effect of Mg content on the microstructure and properties of high strength, high conductivity Cu–Fe–Cr–Si–Mg alloy

A new strategy for the preparation of Cu–Fe alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is proposed. This strategy combines the construction of dual-scale polymetallic second phases with the addition of trace solid-solution atoms. A series of Cu–2Fe-0.3Cr-0.2Si-xMg (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) alloys are designed and prepared through multi-stage thermo-mechanical treatment. Among the reported Cu–Fe alloys with low Fe content (Fe content less than 3 wt%), the designed Cu–2Fe-0.3Cr-0.2Si-0.3 Mg alloy has the highest product of the tensile strength times the electrical conductivity (PSC). The tensile strength and PSC of the Cu–2Fe-0.3Cr-0.2Si-0.3 Mg alloy are 698 MPa and 43.9 GPa∙%IACS, respectively. The dual-scale polymetallic second phase has been successfully constructed. The submicron-scale Fe8CrSi phase triggers the generation of substructures, such as geometrically necessary dislocation boundaries in lamellar structures and random dislocation boundaries in cell shapes. The high-density low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) of substructure evolution enhances the substructure strengthening of the alloy. The main strengthening phase in precipitation strengthening is the nanoscale Fe11CrSi4 phase. An appropriate amount of Mg reduces the ultimate solid solubility of Fe atoms in Cu alloys, promotes the formation of a dual-scale second phase and refines the grain size of the alloy. Therefore, the comprehensive performance of the design alloy is significantly improved.

Effect of chemical composition on hot cracking susceptibility (HCS) using various hot cracking criteria

The paper aims to evaluate the effect of chemical composition on the Hot Cracking Susceptibility (HCS) using mechanical and non-mechanical hot cracking criteria during solidification. The criteria were SKK as a mechanical criterion. Feurer, Clyne Davis, and Katgerman as non-mechanical criteria. The criteria were implemented at various parameters to evaluate their abilities in the hot cracking susceptibility (HCS) prediction at varied chemical composition. In this study, The Mg content was varied in Al9Zn (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 %wt.) Mg2Cu alloys and Cu content in Al9Zn2Mg (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 %wt.) Cu alloys. The validation of the result is also conducted by comparing with the experimental data. Based on Feurer criterion, The hot cracking initiates at lower temperature and at higher critical rate of feeding and shrinkage with Cu content, and the hot cracking initiates at higher temperature with Mg content, and it initiates at higher critical rate of feeding and shrinkage from 1 up to 1.5 of Mg, and the critical rate of feeding and shrinkage remains constant from 1.5 up to 2.5 of Mg. Based on Clyne & Davies, the HCS decreases with Cu content from 1 up to 2 of Cu, and it increases from 2 up to 2.5 of Cu. The HCS decreases with Mg content from 1 up to 2 of Mg, and it remains constant from 2 up to 2.5 of Mg. Based on Katgerman criterion, the HCS decreases with Cu content from 1 up to 1.5 of Cu, it increases from 1.5 up to 2 of Cu, and it decreases from 2 up to 2.5 of Cu. The HCS decreases sequentially with Mg content. Based on SKK criterion, the HCS curves shift to the right with Cu content which means that the hot cracking initiates at lower temperature, and the HCS curves shift to the left with Mg content which means that the hot cracking initiates at higher temperature with Mg content. The Feurer, Clyne & Davies, and some specific range for SKK criteria are in agreement for the effect of Cu content on HCS of alloys, and Katgerman and some specific range for Clyne&Davies criteria are in agreement for the effect of Mg content on HCS of alloys.

Effect of Mg Content and Cooling Rate After Solidification on the Mechanical Properties of T5-treated Al-Si-Mg Alloy

The effects of Mg content and cooling rate on the T5 treatment of Al-Si-Mg alloys have been investigated using Avrami kinetics and transmission electron microscopy. The alloys were super-heated at 800 oC for 1 hr followed by degassing treatment at 720 oC for 15 min, and poured into a metallic mold preheated to 250 oC. The as-cast alloys were then T5-treated at a temperature of 190 oC. As the Mg content and/or cooling rate increased, the strength of the T5-treated alloys increased while the elongation decreased over the entire aging time. However, some T5 treatment conditions were effective to at enhancinge elongation as well as strength. The alloy with low Mg content showed excellent elongation in the early stage of aging. B, but as the aging time increased, h. However, the elongation decreased rapidly so that there was showed no significant difference from with the alloy with high Mg content in the over-aging stage. This was due to a coarse and agglomerated precipitate structure, which were likely to be formed by the rapid precipitation and agglomeration of the β′ phase. The alloy with a high cooling rate exhibited superior strength with similar elongation over the entire aging time compared to the slowly cooled alloy. The reason for the decrease in strength for in the slowly cooled alloy was attributed to the coarsening of precipitates and suppression of the formation of fine precipitates during cooling.

Effects of Mg content on microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of wrought Al–8Si–(

In this paper, the effects of the Mg content on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of wrought Al–8Si–(<0.01–1.32)Mg (mass fraction, %) alloy sheets in T6 temper were systematically studied by OM, SEM/EDS, EBSD, LSCM, DSC, TEM and tensile tests. The results show that the size of Si particles decreased slightly with the increase of Mg content, and the recrystallized grain size of experimental alloy sheets was refined from about 16 µm to about 11 µm. The size of β" phases did not change obviously, but its volume fraction increased gradually and then became stable. When Mg content was 1.32%, there were many associated aggregation areas of Mg2Si particles and Si particles in alloy sheet. In addition, the strength of experimental alloy sheets showed an initial increase followed by a slight decrease as the Mg content increased, while the elongation gradually decreased. The finite element model accurately predicted the yield strength of Al–8Si–(<0.01–1.32)Mg alloy sheets in T6 temper, and the model was able to quantify the contribution of various strengthening mechanisms to the yield strength of the alloy sheets. The predicted results were in good agreement with the actual measured results. The tensile fracture mode of Al–8Si alloy sheet was ductile fracture. When Mg content was greater than 0.51%, the fracture pattern of the sheets comprised a combination of ductile and brittle fractures. With the increase of Mg content, the number of dimples in experimental alloy sheets increased slightly, the depth gradually became shallow and the size slightly decreased. Meanwhile, most secondary cracks on the surface of the Al–8Si alloy sheets after tensile fracture bypassed the Si particles and a few sheared the Si particles. With the Mg content gradually increasing to 0.78%, the number of Si particles sheared by secondary cracks gradually increased. However, When Mg content was 1.32%, the intergranular fracture phenomenon of Al–8Si–1.32Mg in T6 temper was weakened or even disappeared. There were multiple particles embedded in the same dimples in the tensile fracture. The particles in the associated aggregation areas were more easily broken.

Effect of Mg Contents on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Cytocompatibility of Degradable Zn-0.5Mn-xMg Alloy.

The effect of magnesium (Mg) content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility of degradable Zn-0.5Mn-xMg (x = 0.05 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt%) alloys was investigated. The microstructure, corrosion products, mechanical properties, and corrosion properties of the three alloys were then thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), and other methods. According to the findings, the grain size of matrix was refined by the addition of Mg, while the size and quantity of Mg2Zn11 phase was increased. The Mg content could significantly improve the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the alloy. Compared with the Zn-0.5Mn alloy, the UTS of Zn-0.5Mn-xMg alloy was increased significantly. Zn-0.5Mn-0.5Mg exhibited the highest UTS (369.6 MPa). The strength of the alloy was influenced by the average grain size, the solid solubility of Mg, and the quantity of Mg2Zn11 phase. The increase in the quantity and size of Mg2Zn11 phase was the main reason for the transition from ductile fracture to cleavage fracture. Moreover, Zn-0.5Mn-0.2Mg alloy showed the best cytocompatibility to L-929 cells.

The Effect of Mg Content on the Physical Properties of ZnO Films Deposited by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis

ZnO is a versatile material and tailoring its physical properties to the field of application is technologically crucial. Intentionally doping with a foreign element is the most common and useful method for that. In this presented work, ZnO films doped at different Mg concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) were deposited onto glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis in order to investigate the effect of Mg doping. AFM and SEM images captured for the morphological investigations revealed that Mg doping deteriorated the surface of the films. The structural analysis showed that the Mg doping at 5% enhanced the structural properties, but the crystallization level was adversely affected at higher Mg concentrations. Optical band gap and Urbach energies increased from 3.30 eV to 3.45 eV and from 79.5 meV to 119.8 meV, respectively. The lowest electrical resistivity was noted as 8.72101 cm for Mg-doped ZnO films at 5%.

Effect of Magnesium Treatment and Cooling Method on Manganese Sulfide in U75V Heavy‐Rail Steel Deoxidized by Si–Mn

The effect of magnesium (Mg) on the morphology of sulfides in silicon–manganese deoxidized low‐sulfur and low‐aluminum steels is investigated by adding different amounts of nickel–magnesium (Ni–Mg) alloy to a heavy‐rail steel U75V melt and cooling the melt from 1600 °C to room temperature under different conditions. Herein, the effects of Mg content and cooling rate on MnS inclusions are investigated. It is indicated that with an increase in the Mg content in molten steel from 0 to 64 ppm, the main composition of inclusions changes following the path of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 → MgO–Al2O3–MnS → MgO–MnS–MgS. Mg significantly inhibits the precipitation of long‐strip MnS and can decrease the average size and aspect ratio of the inclusions. Under furnace cooling, when Mg is 41 ppm, the minimum aspect ratio of the inclusions is 1.61. The higher the cooling rate, the smaller the inclusion size; however, compared to water and furnace coolings, with cooling rates of 126.3 and 0.12 °C s−1, respectively, the inclusion aspect ratio of the air‐cooling conditions with a cooling rate of 67.7 °C s−1 is low. Finally, thermal simulations verify the effect of Mg treatment on the suppression of MnS deformation during rolling.

Influence of the Mg content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-xMg-2.0Si-0.6Mn alloy

In this study, the effect of Mg content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al-xMg-2.0Si-0.6Mn alloy was investigated. The study aimed to investigate the optimal addition of Mg elements to improve the comprehensive performance of the alloy. The microstructure, phase composition and fracture morphology of the alloy were determined through OM, SEM, TEM and XRD analysis. With the increase of Mg content, the number of strengthening phases increases, which improves the comprehensive properties of the alloy. When the Mg content in an alloy exceeds 5%, the solubility of the Mg2Si phase in the matrix is reduced, and the development of the coarse Mg2Si phase limits the alloy's elongation. The performance is excellent when the content of Mg is 5%. The alloy has maximum tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 227.22 MPa, 136.55 MPa, and 7.24%, respectively. Furthermore, we discovered that the point-like Mg2Si phase exists in the alloy and coexists with the point-like α-Al15(Fe, Mn)3Si2. TEM investigation revealed the incoherent relationship between the two point-like phases, and the phase diagram suggested α-Al15(Fe, Mn)3Si2 as a probable substrate for the nucleation of the Mg2Si phase.

Effect of Mg content on the microstructure and magnetic properties of rare-earth-free MnBi alloys

The low-temperature phase MnBi (LTP-MnBi) has become one of the most promising rare-earth-free permanent magnetic alloys owing to its unique positive temperature coefficient of coercivity. However, so far, the maximum energy product of MnBi alloys is still lower than its theoretical value. In this study, Mn55Bi45-xMgx (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) alloys were prepared by induction melting followed by an annealing process. The effects of Mg content on the microstructure and magnetic properties of MnBi alloys were investigated. The results showed that the partial substitution of Mg for Bi inhibited the formation of LTP-MnBi. With the increase of Mg content, the coercivity increases from 8.1 kOe for x = 0 to 10.0 kOe for x = 4, but the saturation magnetization decreased from 71.7 emu/g for x = 0 to 61.3 emu/g for x = 4. Finally, the calculated maximum energy product of 11.1 MGOe was obtained in the annealed Mn55Bi43Mg2 powder.