Effects Of Low-intensity Exercise Research Articles

Effects of low-intensity exercise on contractile property of skeletal muscle and the number of motor neurons in diabetic rats.

The mode of diabetes-induced muscle and motor neuron damage depends on the type of muscle and motor neuron. One of the purposes of exercise therapy for diabetes is to improve blood glucose levels; however, information on the effects of low-intensity exercise on muscle and motor neuron disorders remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of low-intensity exercise on diabetes-induced muscle and motor neuron damage in a rat model of type 1 diabetes mellitus. We subjected adult male Wistar rats treated with streptozotocin to develop type 1 diabetes and age-matched rats to low-intensity treadmill exercise for 12weeks. We recorded electrically evoked maximum twitch tension in leg muscles, and examined the number of motor neurons and cell body sizes. Low-intensity exercise ameliorated the prolonged half-relaxation time and the decreased numbers of the retrograde-labeled motor neurons observed in the soleus muscle of type 1 diabetic rats. However, no effect was observed in the diabetic group, as atrophy was not improved and the twitch force in the medial gastrocnemius muscle was decreased in the diabetic group. In addition, there was no improvement in the blood glucose levels after exercise. These data indicate that low-intensity exercise may relieve the onset of muscle and motor neuron damage in the soleus muscle of type 1 diabetic rats.

Effects of low-intensity exercise on spontaneously developed knee osteoarthritis in male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease associated with aging, which often leads to joint stiffness and disability. Exercise is one of the most important non-pharmacological treatments and is prescribed as an indispensable treatment for OA. However, whether physical exercise is beneficial for preventing the progression of OA symptoms with age is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of exercise on spontaneously developed knee OA using male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8).MethodsTo examine age-related changes in the knee joints of SAMP8, knee articular cartilage changes, synovitis, knee joint flexion and extension angles, swelling, walking ability, and quadriceps muscle atrophy were analyzed at 3, 5, 7, and 9 months. SAMP8 were required to run at a speed of 10 m/min for 15 min/day from 7 to 9 months of age. The knee joint pathologies and symptoms of exercising and non-exercising mice were compared by histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometrical analyses.ResultsThe mice presented with various histological changes, including cartilage destruction, osteocyte formation, synovitis, declined joint angles, and swelling. Notably, medial and posterior cartilage destruction was more severe than that of the lateral and anterior cartilage. Knee joint angles were significantly correlated with the histological scores (modified Mankin and OARSI, osteophyte formation and synovial lining cell layer). Exercise did not attenuate cartilage degeneration in the medial and posterior tibial plateau, although the articular cartilage of the anterior and lateral tibial plateau and its histological scores was remained and significantly improved, respectively, by exercise. Exercise suppressed the age-related decline of collagen type II-positive areas in the remaining articular cartilage and improved the OA symptoms. Exercise reduced the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α positive macrophages in the synovium.ConclusionThis study revealed that SAMP8 developed spontaneous knee OA with age, which resembled the disease symptoms in humans. Low-intensity exercise temporarily alleviated degeneration of the remaining cartilage, synovitis, and age-related decreases in knee flexion angle, stride length, and muscle atrophy in SAMP8. However, exercise during OA progression with age may cause mechanical stress that could be both beneficial and detrimental to joint health.

The effect of low-intensity exercise on emotional and cognitive engagement in the classroom

This study examined whether engaging in physical exercise during a university class would have beneficial effect on students’ learning motivation. One hundred and forty-nine participants took part in a psychology class over nine weeks (one lesson per week); for each lesson, participants engaged in a three-minute physical activity (low-intensity aerobic exercise) or control activity (watching a video), about 20 min after the lesson started. Participants reported higher vigour and lower fatigue during the class when they exercised than when they engaged in control activities. These findings suggest the utility of incorporating a short exercise activity in university settings to enhance students’ classroom motivation.

Exercise intensities modulate cognitive function in spontaneously hypertensive rats through oxidative mediated synaptic plasticity in hippocampus

Abstract Background Oxidative damage in the brain may lead to cognitive impairments. There was considerable debate regarding the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive functions because exercise protocols have varied widely across studies. Purpose We investigated whether different exercise intensities alter performance on cognitive tasks. Methods The experiment was performed on spontaneously hypertensive rats (6 months at the established phase of hypertension) distributed into 3 groups: sedentary, low-intensity exercise, and high-intensity exercise. Results Systolic blood pressure measurements confirmed hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In comparison to normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats, sedentary spontaneously hypertensive rats had similar escape latencies and a similar preference for the correct quadrant in the probe trial. Compared to the sedentary group, the low-intensity exercise group had significantly better improvements in spatial memory assessed by Morris water maze. Low-intensity exercise was associated with attenuated reactive oxygen species, as measured by dihydroethidine fluorescence and nitrotyrosine staining in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. This was coupled with increased numbers of neurons and dendritic spines as well as a significant upregulation of synaptic density. In contrast, the beneficial effects of low-intensity exercise are abolished in high-intensity exercise as shown by increased free radical levels and an impairment in spatial memory. Conclusions We concluded that exercise is an effective strategy to improve spatial memory in spontaneously hypertensive rats even at an established phase of hypertension. Low-intensity exercise exhibited better improvement on cognitive deficits than high-intensity exercise by attenuating free radical levels and improving downstream synaptic plasticity. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Impact of Low Intensity Exercise on Liver Enzymes (ALT & ALP)

This particular research study was basically carried out for the purpose to examine the impact of low intensity exercise on two particular liver enzymes i.e. alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphate (ALP). 20 Non sportsmen were selected as subjects of the study (n=20, age 20 to 30 years (20.95±3.79), Body Mass Index (BMI) from 18 to 30 (25.90±5.54). Similarly the subjects were divided into two groups (Experimental Group and Control Group) through the application of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and measurement of Maximum Heart Rate (MHR). 12 weeks self-made low intensity exercise protocol was applied to an experimental group. 5ml blood was collected from all subjects to measure the effect of low intensity exercise on ALT and ALP. The data of pre and post-test were processed through SPSS version 24. Based on analysis and findings, the researcher concluded that in experimental group (EXG) the level of ALT and ALP was found significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to control group (CG). Based on conclusion, it is hereby recommended by the researcher that for the purpose to promote the functional capacity of liver, low as well as moderate intensity exercise should be performed on daily basis. In addition, in this study due to lack of financial resources, two basic liver enzymes i.e.ALT and ALP were measured, therefore the other enzymes like as AST and bilirubin also need to be examined in such other research studies.

Effects of low-intensity exercise on local skin and whole-body thermal sensation in hypothermic young males

Thermal sensation, a key component of behavioral thermoregulation, is modulated by the changes in both skin and core temperatures. Although cutaneous thermal sensation to local cold is blunted during exercise as compared to rest in normothermic humans, it remains to be determined whether this holds true during core cooling. Furthermore, when local skin thermal sensation is diminished during exercise, it remains unclear whether whole-body thermal sensation is also attenuated. We therefore tested whether low-intensity exercise (VO2: ~1300 ml min−1) attenuates local skin and/or whole-body thermal sensation in hypothermic young males. Eleven healthy young males (24 ± 2 years) were cooled through cold water immersion (18 °C) up to their lower abdomen while resting (rest trial) and during low-intensity cycling (30–60 W, 30 rpm) (exercise trial). Body temperature, cardiorespiratory variables, and whole-body (9-point scale: 0, unbearably cold; 4, neutral; 8, unbearably hot) and local skin thermal sensation were measured at baseline on land and before the esophageal temperature (Tes) began to decrease (defined as -0.0 Tes) and after 0.5 and 1.0 °C decrements in Tes from baseline during the immersion period. Local skin thermal sensation was measured using a thermostimulator with Peltier element that was attached to the chest. The temperature of the probe was initially equilibrated to the chest skin temperature, then gradually decreased at a constant rate (0.1 °C s -1) until the participants felt coolness. The difference between the initial skin temperature and the local skin temperature that felt cool was assessed as an index of local skin thermal sensation. Throughout the immersions, esophageal and mean skin temperatures did not differ between the rest and exercise trials. Local skin thermal sensation also did not differ between the two trials or at any core temperature level. By contrast, the whole-body thermal sensation score was higher (participants felt less cold) in the exercise than in the rest trial at esophageal temperature of -1.0 °C (1.25 ± 0.46 vs. 0.63 ± 0.35 units, P = 0.035). These results suggest that local skin thermal sensation during low-intensity exercise is not affected by a decrease in core temperature. However, whole-body thermal sensation mediated by a decrease in core temperature (-1.0 °C) is blunted by low-intensity exercise during cold water immersion.

저강도 운동 및 ursolic acid 처치가 하지고정에 의한 골다공증 유도 쥐의 뼈 건강개선에 미치는 효과

저강도 운동 및 ursolic acid 처치가 하지고정에 의한 골다공증 유도 쥐의 뼈 건강개선에 미치는 효과

High Fat, High Sugar Diet Induces Metabolic Changes in Articular Cartilage that are Reversed with Low Intensity Exercise and Genistein Treatment

High fat, high‐sugar diet (HSFD) has been shown to induce obesity, metabolic dysregulation, and inflammation in peripheral tissues. Inflammation within cartilage tissue is associated with metabolic changes that lead to arthrosis. In this study, we examine the effects of HSFD on expression of col10a and MMP‐13 in articular cartilage of the knee joint. Both of these proteins are markers for inflammation in chondral tissue. In the presence of proinflammatory cytokines, col10a expression by chondrocytes decreases, while MMP‐13 increases. We also examined the effects of low intensity exercise and genistein treatment on cartilage metabolism. Both of these treatments have been shown to improve bone health, but their effects on diet‐induced cartilage inflammation are unclear. We randomly assigned 100 mice to five treatment groups of equal sizes: lean controls, HFSD fed, HFSD + exercise, HFSD + genistein, and HFSD + exercise + genistein. HFSD included 60% fat in chow and 42 g/L sugar in the drinking water. Exercise training included treadmill running for 180 min/week. Genistein was given in the diet at 600 mg/kg. Duration of treatment was 12 weeks. Col10a expression was significantly reduced in mice fed HFSD versus lean controls (P < 0.05). Mice treated with exercise and genistein in combination exhibited decreased col10a expression that was similar to levels expressed in cartilage of lean controls. MMP‐13 expression did not differ significantly among the treatment groups (P > 0.05). Examination of articular cartilage stained with H&E revealed the thickness of the uncalcified zones was significantly reduced in mice fed HFSD in comparison to lean control mice (P < 0.05). Staining in this zone also reflected reduced proteoglycan content in the cartilage of mice in the HFSD treatment group. These findings suggest articular cartilage of mice fed HFSD exhibit signs of inflammation and reduced capacity to resist compression. Treatment with genistein and exercise in combination resulted in articular cartilage that more closely resembles cartilage of lean mice fed a standard diet. Low‐intensity exercise and genistein intake may prove beneficial to joint health in the obese condition.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Age-related changes and effects of regular low-intensity exercise on gait, balance, and oxidative biomarkers in the spinal cord of Wistar rats.

The present study aimed to analyze age-related changes to motor coordination, balance, spinal cord oxidative biomarkers in 3-, 6-, 18-, 24-, and 30-month-old rats. The effects of low-intensity exercise on these parameters were also analyzed in 6-, 18-, and 24-month-old rats. Body weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were assessed for all rats. The soleus muscle weight/body weight ratio was used to estimate skeletal muscle mass loss. Body weight increased until 24 months; only 30-month-old rats exhibited decreased blood glucose and increased total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. The soleus muscle weight/body weight ratio increased until 18 months, followed by a small decrease in old rats. Exercise did not change any of these parameters. Stride length and step length increased from adult to middle age, but decreased at old age. Stride width increased while the sciatic functional index decreased in old rats. Performance in the balance beam test declined with age. While gait did not change, balance improved after exercise. Aging increased superoxide anion generation, hydrogen peroxide levels, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase activity while total thiol decreased and lipid hydroperoxides did not change. Exercise did not significantly change this scenario. Thus, aging increased oxidative stress in the spinal cord, which may be associated with age-induced changes in gait and balance. Regular low-intensity exercise is a good alternative for improving age-induced changes in balance, while beneficial effects on gait and spinal cord oxidative biomarkers cannot be ruled out because of the small number of rats investigated (n=5 or 6/group).

The effect of low intensity exercise on arthritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The effect of low intensity exercise on arthritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

The Effect of Low Intensity Exercise on Expression of Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis in Rats with Obesity Induced by a High-Fat Diet

The Effect of Low Intensity Exercise on Expression of Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis in Rats with Obesity Induced by a High-Fat Diet

Effect of Low-Intensity Exercise on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory and Nutritional Responsiveness in Sedentary People

Effect of Low-Intensity Exercise on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory and Nutritional Responsiveness in Sedentary People

Effects of Low-Intensity Exercise in the Morning on Physiological Responses During Unsteady Workload Exercise in the Evening.

This study examined the effects of low-intensity morning exercise (ME) on physiological response during unsteady workload evening exercise. Nine healthy men participated in the following 2 experimental conditions: 15 minutes of bicycle exercise at 40% maximum oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max) in the morning (the ME condition) and rest (control [C] condition). Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), temperature, oxygen uptake, and natural logarithm of high frequency, an index of cardiac parasympathetic modulation, were measured before evening exercises, which were performed for 32 minutes in 2 parts: The steady-state exercise test included three 4-min bouts of exercise at 20, 60, and 40% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max. The unsteady exercise test consisted of 4-min bouts of exercise with gradual increases and decreases in workload at 20 and 60% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max. Heart rate, BP, and oxygen uptake were measured in both experiments. Maximal and minimal values, amplitude, and phase lags were measured with each cycle of unsteady workload exercise. With steady-state exercise, HR and systolic BP at 60 and 40% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max were significantly lower in the ME condition than in the C condition. However, oxygen uptake was not significantly different between the 2 conditions. With unsteady exercise, the HR and oxygen uptake phase lags were significantly shorter and the amplitude of oxygen intake was significantly larger in the ME condition than in the C condition. There were no significant differences in physiological parameters between the conditions at rest or during recovery. The physiological response during evening exercise is enhanced by low-intensity ME, which might be an effective conditioning method on a sporting event day.

The Effects Of Low-intensity Exercise On Depressive Symptoms In Socially-isolated Older Adults

The Effects Of Low-intensity Exercise On Depressive Symptoms In Socially-isolated Older Adults

Effects of Low Intensity Exercise Against Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rat Heart.

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low intensity exercise on heart of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods The rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: A (control), B (diabetic untreated), and C (diabetic treated with low intensity exercise); each group contains 8 animals. B and C groups received STZ. Diabetes was induced in 2 groups by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of STZ (40 mg/kg, freshly dissolved in 0,1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.2). 2 days after STZ treatment, diabetes in 2 experimental groups was confirmed by measuring blood glucose levels. Rats with blood glucose levels of 250 mg/dl or higher were considered to be diabetic. Animals in the exercise group were made to run the treadmill once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. Exercise started 3 days prior to STZ administration. Results After induction of diabetes, histological abnormalities were observed, including myofibrillar loss, vacuolization of cytoplasm and irregularity of myofibrils. These alterations were attenuated by low intensity exercise. Our data indicates a significant reduction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes after exercise. Treatment of diabetic animals with low intensity exercise, decreased the elevated tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased the reduced activities of the enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in cardiac tissue. Conclusion These findings suggest that low intensity exercise has a therapeutic protective effect in diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress and apoptosis, and by preservation of myocardial integrity.

Abstract P2-12-14: The effect of low intensity exercise for mental status and quality of life of Japanese early breast cancer patients

Abstract Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers, and it accounts for 20% of malignant tumors of women. Psychological damage of the breast cancer patient is serious. In our institution, approximately 30% of the early breast cancer patients diagnosed as depressed mental status before operation. Breast cancer patients have to receive hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy for a long term after operation. Depressed mental status affects execution of the treatment, and the interruption of the treatment brings the risk of cancer recurrence. As a treatment for depressed mental status of cancer patients, medication and psychotherapy are common, but some previous reports showed exercise is effective. Exercises provided in these reports were various kinds and strength, and the standard prescription is not established. We investigate the effect of walking program as a mild aerobic exercise, whether it improves the depressed mental status and quality of life (QOL) of breast cancer patients. Methods: 25 early breast cancer patients were recruited. Depressed mental status and QOL were assessed by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Physical activity was measured by accelerometer (Lifecorder PLUS, Suzuken), and estimated using metabolic equivalent foe task (MET). Participants mounted accelerometer after discharge, and baseline physical activity was recorded till 1 month after operation. After recording baseline physical activity, we instructed to perform walking or mild aerobic exercise. Scores of CES-D and SF-36, and physical activity data were measured again after two months. Results: Physical activity after intervention was significantly increased as compared to baseline (8.5±5.5 vs 12.3±6.9 MET.h/week, p=0.02 ). At pre-operation phase, nine patients (36%) regarded as depressed mental status by CES-D, and depressed patients decreased to five at the time of 3 months after operation. A subscale of SF-36 ( mental health ) reduced significantly compared with pre-operation and 3 months after operation ( p<0.01 ). Physical activity after intervention was correlated with the scores of CES-D and all subscales of SF-36. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the possibility that walking program as a mild exercise improves mental status and QOL of perioperative breast cancer patients. It is necessary to examine in more detail for clinical application. Citation Format: Makiko Kamio, Kazumi Kawase, Hiroko Nogi, Ken Uchida, Hiroshi Takeyama. The effect of low intensity exercise for mental status and quality of life of Japanese early breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-14.

Effects of low-intensity exercise and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation with pedometer feedback on physical activity in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

We evaluated the effects of low-intensity and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on physical activity (PA) and the feedback provided by a pedometer in stable elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed PA using a newly developed triaxial accelerometer (A-MES™, Kumamoto, Japan), which measures the time spent walking, standing, sitting and lying down. Twenty-seven elderly patients with COPD (age 74 ± 8 yrs; %FEV1 56.6 ± 18.7%) participated. They were randomly selected to undergo PR (pulmonary rehabilitation only) or PR + P (PR plus the feedback from using a pedometer). Their PA and pulmonary function, exercise capacity (6-min walking distance; 6MWD), quadriceps femoris muscle force (QF) were evaluated before the PR began (baseline) and at 1 year later. We compared the patients' changes in PA and other factors between the baseline values and those obtained 1 year later and analyzed the relationships between the changes in PA and other factors in the both groups. The increase in the time spent walking in the PR + P group (51.3 ± 63.7 min/day) was significantly greater than that of PR group (12.3 ± 25.5 min/day) after the PR. The improvement rate of daily walking time after PR was significantly correlated with that of the 6MWD and QF in all subjects. These data suggest that low-intensity and home-based PR with the feedback from using pedometer was effective in improving PA, and the improvements of physiological factors were correlated with increased walking time in stable elderly patients with COPD.

The effects of trunk stabilization exercise on bone density after menopause.

[Purpose] This study examined the effect of low intensity exercise on bone density by conducting trunk stabilization exercise on females after menopause for 24 weeks. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty three female subjects over 47 years old and under the age of 53 were selected and 16 for experimental group and 17 for control group were randomly selected. Experimental group had performed spinal and pelvic stabilization exercise 30 minutes a day, 5times a week, for 24 weeks. Except for the daily life, control group did not participate in any characteristic movement. Bone density of every member in experimental group was measured using average value of bone density of 1st–4th lumbar through quantitative computer tomography. [Results] There was a meaningful difference in only control group about measured value of bone density within each group, experimental and control group, but there was no meaningful difference in measured value of bone density between two groups, experimental group and control group. [Conclusion] Through this research, we could see the fact that although trunk stability exercise could not change bone density meaningfully, it could maintain bone density. In the future, it is randomly necessary to study things related this because results of researches can show different results according to exercise intensity, exercise period, age, weight, hormone status and mediation period. It is considered that it will help to prevent and treat patients with osteoporosis a lot.

Effects of Low-intensity Exercise in the Morning on Afternoon Exercise Performance

Effects of Low-intensity Exercise in the Morning on Afternoon Exercise Performance

Effects of low-intensity exercise and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation with pedometer feedback on physical activity in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Effects of low-intensity exercise and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation with pedometer feedback on physical activity in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease