Effect Of Lornoxicam Research Articles

Immunomodulatory Effects of the Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor Lornoxicam on Phenotype and Function of Camel Blood Leukocytes.

Simple SummaryThe present study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of the unspecific cyclooxygenase inhibitor lornoxicam on the immunophenotype and some functions of dromedary camel blood leukocytes. Intravenous injection of camels with a single dose of lornoxicam induced a significant change in the camel leukogram, which is characterized by reduced cell numbers of all leukocyte subpopulations. In vitro analysis of cell vitality revealed a pro-apoptotic effect of lornoxicam on camel leukocytes, which may be responsible for the lornoxicam-induced leukocytopenia in vivo. Functional ex vivo and in vitro analysis of the key antimicrobial functions, phagocytosis and ROS production indicates inhibitory effects of lornoxicam on the antimicrobial capacity of the blood phagocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. Furthermore, lornoxicam induced an anti-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes, characterized by reduced expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and increased expression of CD163 molecules. The present study identified for the first time inhibitory effects of the COX-inhibitor lornoxicam on some phenotypic and functional properties of camel blood immune cells and recommends considering these effects when using lornoxicam in camel medicine.(1) Background: Lornoxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic, antiphlogistic and antipyretic effects. The improved tolerance of lornoxicam due to the relatively shorter elimination half-life in comparison to other members of the oxicams may favor its application in the management of pain and inflammation in race dromedary camels. There are no studies conducted yet on the immunomodulatory or immunotoxilogic effect of lornoxicam in camels. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor lornoxicam on some phenotypic and functional properties of camel blood leukocytes; (2) Methods: Using flow cytometry, blood leukocyte composition, monocyte phenotype, and antimicrobial functions of neutrophils and monocytes were analyzed ex vivo after a single dose injection with lornoxicam. In addition, the effect of in vitro incubation of camel blood with lornoxicam on leukocyte cell vitality and antimicrobial functions were evaluated; (3) Results: The injection of camels with a single dose of lornoxicam resulted in a significant change in their leukogram with reduced numbers of total leukocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Within the lymphocyte population, the numbers of CD4+ T cells, γδ T cells, and B cells decreased significantly in blood after injection of camels with lornoxicam. In addition, injection of lornoxicam resulted in decreased abundance of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and increased abundance of the scavenger receptor CD163 on blood monocytes, indicating an anti-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes. Functionally, administration of lornoxicam decreased the capacity of camel neutrophils and monocytes to uptake bacteria and to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) after bacterial stimulation. Similarly, the in vitro whole blood incubation with lornoxicam resulted in reduced phagocytosis and ROS production activity of the camel blood phagocytes. Flow cytometric analysis of cell vitality, including cell necrosis and apoptosis, revealed a pro-apoptotic effect of lornoxicam on camel leukocytes; (4) Conclusions: Lornoxicam administration, at the dose and intervals utilized herein, induces significant changes in the phenotype and function of camel blood leukocytes. The reduced cell numbers of all studied leukocyte subpopulations in lornoxicam-treated camels, which seems to be a result of enhanced cell apoptosis, indicates an inhibitory effect rather than a modulatory effect of lornoxicam on the camel immune system, which need to be considered when using lornoxicam in camel medicine.

Amelorative effects of anethum graveolens (Dill) against lornoxicam toxicity in rats

Lornoxicam (LOR) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug known to induce hepato-renal toxicity. The following study aimed to investigate the adverse effect of LOR in oxidative status beside biochemical and histological examination of Liver and kidney tissue as well as the protective effect ofDill. Thirty six male Wister albino rats were randomly divided into main four groups of nine rats each were used; G(1)Control group and they were administered 0.5ml of saline orally for 21 consecutive days, G (2):they were administered 2g/kg dill orally for 21consecutive days, G (3): they were administered 1.3 mg/kg body weight/day of LORintraperitonially for 21 consecutive days, G (4): they were administered 2g/kg dill orally concurrently with 1.3 mg/kg body weight/day of LOR. The results revealed that LOR induced significant increases in liver and kidney function parameters including AST, ALT, creatinine, and urea. Disrupted lipid metabolism also was observed in LOR-treated animals. Moreover, marked an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreases in glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) following LOR-insult suggested a possible involvement of lipid peroxidation in LOR-induced hepatorenal toxicity.Oral administration of dill at the dose 2g/kg for 21 days was significantly mitigating these toxic effects.So it is concluded that dill has great hepatorenal, antioxidant and antiopoptotic effect.

Carvedilol can attenuate histamine-induced paw edema and formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats without risk of gastric irritation

Background and aimRheumatoid arthritis treatment aims to control joint damage and any associated complications such as cardiovascular disease. Most anti-inflammatory drugs have a high tendency to cause gastro-intestinal irritation. The present study is designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of carvedilol and to study its effect on gastric mucosa. Experimental approachLornoxicam (1.3mg/kg) or carvedilol (10mg/kg) was administrated orally 1h before histamine injection into animals of a histamine-induced paw edema model and orally daily for 11days into animals of a formaldehyde-induced arthritis model. Tumor necrosis factor-α and prostaglandin E2 were measured in animals of the formaldehyde-induced arthritis model. The effect of lornoxicam and carvedilol on gastric mucosa was assessed in normal rats and after induction of cold stress ulcer. ResultsCarvedilol succeeded in reducing hind paw edema in both histamine-induced paw edema and formaldehyde-induced arthritis and in reducing the elevated level of tumor necrosis factor-α and prostaglandin E2 nearly with near equal efficacy compared with lornoxicam. Carvedilol did not show any ulcerative effect on the gastric mucosa of normal rats, and its use was associated with an improvement of both the gross and histopathological pictures of gastric ulcers in animals of the cold stress ulcer model compared with lornoxicam treated rats. ConclusionThe current findings support the use of carvedilol both in the management of inflammation as well as the prevention of cardiovascular complications in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The use of carvedilol was not associated with any gastro-intestinal tract irritation.

The effect of lornoxicam on TLR2 and TLR4 messenger RNA expression and tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 secretion in patients with systemic complications of acute pancreatitis.

To assess the effects of the cyclooxygenase-1/cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor lornoxicam on systemic complications in patients with acute pancreatitis, Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 messenger RNA expression, and cytokine secretion (IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α). Adult patients with acute pancreatitis were randomized to standard therapy or standard therapy plus lornoxicam. Standard therapy included analgesics, spasmolytics, octreotide, pantoprazole, and intravenous fluids. The TLR2 and TLR4 expression levels and TLR2- and TLR4-mediated cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed in patients with severe complications and in healthy volunteers (n = 15). A total of 334 patients received standard therapy (n = 246) or standard therapy plus lornoxicam (n = 88), 172 (51.5%) of whom developed systemic complications. Occurrence of complications was higher with standard therapy compared with lornoxicam (57.3% versus 35.2%; P = 0.00034), as was mortality (19.1% versus 6.8%; P = 0.006). The TLR2 and TLR4 expression and TLR2 and TLR4-mediated cytokine production were significantly higher in patients with systemic complications of acute pancreatitis compared with healthy volunteers. Relative TLR2 expression and cytokine production were significantly reduced in patients receiving lornoxicam versus standard therapy. The use of lornoxicam at the onset of acute pancreatitis decreased TLR2 and TLR4 expression and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing the risk of systemic complications and mortality.

The synergistic antinociceptive effect of lornoxicam in combination with tramadol

Introduction: One of the most important priorities in therapy is pain control. Therefore, many different groups of drugs are being used for this purpose, primarily opioid analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Opioid analgesic tramadol, by binding to specific receptors, modulates the perception and response to painful stimuli and inhibits transmitting and further processing of pain impulses. Lornoxicam, which belongs to the oxicam class of NSAIDs, is a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor with strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and better tolerance profile. Preliminary research, which requires further verification, suggests that lornoxicam may be a better alternative or adjunctive therapy to opioid analgesics in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. The aim of this study was to investigate antinociceptive effects of lornoxicam, as well as the combination of lornoxicam with tramadol.Methods: Analgesic effect of combination of lornoxicam and tramadol or lornoxicam applied alone was examined on female albino mice, using a hot plate method. Measurements were made 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration, in dose of 10 mg/kg.Results: Combination of lornoxicam and tramadol, applied intraperitoneally, increases the threshold of sensitivity to painful stimuli, which was not the case with subcutaneous administration.Conclusions: Lornoxicam significantly increases analgesic effect when applied intraperitoneally in combination with tramadol. On the other hand, lornoxicam in combination with tramadol, did not increase the threshold of sensitivity to painful stimuli with significant difference, after subcutaneous administration

LORNOXICAM: A REVIEW OF ITS THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL IN DIFFERENT CLINICAL STUDIES

Lornoxicam is a member of the oxicam group of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), producing analgesic and antipyretic effects through the non-selective inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase-1 and -2. Besides its inhibitory effect on COX1 and COX-2 peripheral receptors, is also increases endogenous dinorphin and beta-endorphin levels promoting central analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, lornoxicam has been introduced in Indian market in oral, intravenous and intramuscular formulations. Lornoxicam is completely absorbed after oral administration, reaching peak plasma concentrations of 280 mg/L within 2.5 hours after a 4 mg dose. After intramuscular injection maximum plasma concentrations are achieved after approximately 20-25 minutes. Lornoxicam is extensively metabolished in liver by cytochrome P4502DC9 to inactive metabolite 5’-hydroxy-lornoxicam. The mean elimination half life is 3 to 4 hours. There is plenty of literature available on the effect of lornoxicam on chronic and acute pain management. These preliminary finding require confirmation in further comparative studies. Key words:- lornoxicam, analgesic, anti inflammatory drugs.

Effect of lornoxicam on postoperative inflammatory reaction in patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy

Objective To investigate the effects of lornoxicam on postoperative inflammatory reaction in patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy were assigned to study group and control group ( 24 for each ).The study group received intravenous loronoxicam of 8 mg diluted with normal saline of 2ml before anesthesia,and the control group received the same volume of normal saline.All the patients were anesthetized with combined spinal and epidural blockage and tranquilized with pethedine,droperidol,and diazepam.Peripheral vein blood were extracted one hour before surgery and one day after operation to measure leukocyte count; the concentration of C reaction protein ( CRP ) was detected.Results Leukocyte count and CRP concentration were markedly decreased ond day after surgery in both groups ( P＜ 0.05 ).Leukocyte count and CRP concentration were significantly lower in the study group than in the control groupt[( 5.4 + 3.7 ) vs.( 7.6 +3.2) and (6.4 ± 3.7) vs.(9.6 ± 4.1 ),P＜ 0.05 for both comparisons].Conclusions Intravenous lornoxicam before anesthesia can suppress inflammatory reaction during early postoperative stage in patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy. Key words: Lomoxicam; Laparoscopy; Appendectomy; Postoperation; Inflammatory reaction

Effects of lornoxicam on the hemodynamic and catecholamine response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation

Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are associated with hemodynamic responses that might increase morbidity and mortality in some patients. Lornoxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which, when added to fentanyl, successfully attenuated the pressor response of intubation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lornoxicam on the hemodynamic response and serum catecholamine levels following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Fifty adult patients scheduled for general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. They were divided into two equal groups to receive intravenously either lornoxicam 16mg or placebo 30min before surgery. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before and after induction of anaesthesia, and every minute after intubation for 10min. Serum catecholamine levels were measured before induction and 1min after intubation. After induction, there was a significant decrease in blood pressure in both groups. In the first 3min after tracheal intubation, a significant increase in the hemodynamic parameters and in the serum norepinephrine level was observed in the control group. Lornoxicam 16mg attenuates the pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation of the trachea.

Prevention and nursing strategy of postoperative agitation in children undergoing strabotomy under general anesthesia with sevoflurane

Objective To investigate the effect of Lornoxicam on postoperative pain and agitation in children underwent strabotomy under general anesthesia with sevoflurane. Nursing strategy in such cases is also discussed. Methods A total of 46 ASAⅠ～Ⅱchildren undergoing elective strabotomy were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Each group was anesthetized with sevoflurane. 0. 2mg/kg Lornoxicam was administered intravenously before the operation in the group, saline was administered intravenously in the control group. The sedation scale, analgesia (VAS) scale, delirium scale, agitation scale were assessed and recorded. Results There was no difference in the sedation effectiveness between the two groups, but the VAS scale in experiment group was higher than that of control group (P <0. 05), and the incidence rate of delirium and agitation in experiment group was significantly lower (P <0. 05). Conclusions Lomoxicam can prevent the agitation and pain of the children under general anesthesia with sevoflurane in recovery room. The nursing strategy is also important. Key words: Lornoxicam; Sevoflurane; General anesthesia; Children; Agitation

The Effect of Lornoxicam and Nusing on Managing the Restlessness During Recovery After General Anesthesia

目的 观察氯诺昔康防治全麻苏醒期躁动的疗效及护理对策.方法40例全麻病人分为两组,术毕缝皮前静脉用药,Ⅰ组为氯诺昔康16 mg,H组生理盐水2 ml.观察指标为躁动评分、心率、平均压.结果气管拔管时心率、平均压比基础值高(P＜0.05);与Ⅱ组相比,入恢复室后10分钟、气管拔管时、气管拔管后10分钟I组躁动显著减少(P＜0.05).结论氯诺昔康可有效防治全麻苏醒期躁动,相应的护理措施也很重要。

The postoperative analgesic effect of lornoxicam administered with PCA device

The postoperative analgesic effect of lornoxicam administered with PCA device

The preemptive analgesic effect of lornoxicam in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

The preemptive analgesic effect of lornoxicam in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

The preemptive analgesic effect of lornoxicam in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

The preemptive analgesic effect of lornoxicam in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery