Effects Of Long-term Ingestion Research Articles

The effects of long-term cadmium exposure in turkeys: Accumulation and zinc prevention

Experiments with turkeys were conducted to determine the effects of long-term ingestion of Cd (2.0 mg Cd/day/turkey) on its accumulation in the tissues and organs. The cadmium was found especially in the muscles, livers and kidneys. The highest average content of cadmium was found in the kidneys (1.09 mg/kg). The contents of Cd in the kidneys and livers were 19 times and 14 times (respectively) higher compared to the muscles. The administration of Zn (72 mg / day / turkey) along with high doses of Cd, significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the concentrations of Cd in the organs of the experimental animals. The average concentrations of cadmium in the kidneys and livers of turkeys from the CdZn group were 43 % and 48 % (respectively) lower than the average concentrations in the same organs in the turkeys from the group which received only Cd.

鶏肉抽出物の摂取が中高齢者の筋力に及ぼす影響

鶏肉抽出物の摂取が中高齢者の筋力に及ぼす影響

Effect of long term ingestion of gum arabic on the adipose tissues of female mice

Abdominal obesity is the most prevalent manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The anti-obese effects of dietary fiber is generally accepted, but specifically the anti-obese properties of the dietary fiber, gum arabic (GA) has not been well studied. In this investigation, we offered GA to the female 90 days old mice in the form of drink (1% w/v) for 180 days. Such GA in drinking water reduced age-dependent fat deposition in the visceral adipose tissue and improved the gastrocnemius muscle reduction. This inhibition of fat deposition effect is due to the β3-adrenergic stimulation of adipocytes in which TNFα down-regulation is probably involved. Modification of large intestinal microflora, as evidenced by a modification of cecal short-chain fatty acid profile and of 16S rDNA profile, may contribute to such reduction in TNFα expression in the adipose tissues.

Effect of Long-Term Ingestion of Chromium Compounds on Aggression, Sex Behavior and Fertility in Adult Male Rat

ABSTRACTThe effects of long-term ingestion of chromium chloride (trivalent compound) and potassium dichromate (hexavalent compound) was investigated on sexual bahavior, aggressive behavior and fertility in male rats. Adult male rats were exposed to chromium chloride and potassium dichromate in drinking water at a concentration of 1000 ppm for 12 weeks.The exposure of male rats to chromium chloride and potassium dichromate reduced the number of mounts. The exposure of male rats to potassium dichromate increased the time to ejaculation. On the other hand, the exposure of male rats to chromium chloride and potassium dichromate increased the post ejaculatory interval. The number of animals ejaculating were reduced in chromium chloride and potassium dichromate exposed male rats. The exposure of male rats to chromium chloride and potassium dichromate decreased lateralizations, boxing bouts and fights with stud male, The exposure of male rats to chromium chloride and potassium dichromate had no effect on fertility. Testes, seminal vesicle and preputial gland weights were significantly reduced in chromium chloride - and potassium dichromate - exposed males. In conclusion, the long-term ingestion of chromium chloride and potassium dichromate would have adverse effects on sexual behavior and territorial aggression in adult male rat.

The effect of long-term ingestion of alcohol on the bio 14.6 cardiomyopathic syrian hamster

The effect of long-term ingestion of alcohol on the bio 14.6 cardiomyopathic syrian hamster

Key issues in nutrition

Certain dietary practices are valid methods of lowering the risk of disease. Others, while popular, have unproven benefits or may even be associated with risks of their own. Careful evaluation of hypercholesterolemia is necessary. Persons with a high level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and a low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol need diet therapy, because they are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Weight reduction and fat restriction can lower blood pressure, help control hyperglycemia, and improve the LDL cholesterol-HDL cholesterol ratio. Some evidence indicates a protective role of beta carotene against cancer in animals. However, hypervitaminosis A is dangerous and relatively easy to accomplish, so supplementation beyond a multivitamin tablet is discouraged. Data about inhibition of cancer in humans through use of high doses of vitamin E or C or selenium are inconclusive, and studies of effects of long-term ingestion are not available. In general, megadoses of even healthy substances are thought to be dangerous. Decreased consumption of fat, increased consumption of foods high in fiber, and elimination of alcohol and tobacco are sensible recommendations. Consumption of cruciferous vegetables has not been proven to reduce the incidence of cancer, but a moderate amount of them in the diet would seem reasonable.

Neurochemical effects of long-term ingestion of ethanol by Sinclair (S-1) swine.

Sinclair (S-1) miniature swine were given access to a mixture of ethanol and beer for three years. Control swine were fed an isocaloric diet with corn starch substituted for ethanol. Both groups had free access to tap water. The alcohol group consumed about 4 g ethanol/kg/day (about 50% of their caloric intake) resulting in plasma ethanol concentrations of about 100 mg/dl. Brain membranes were prepared for analysis of neurotransmitter receptor binding, membrane lipid composition and physical properties. Receptor studies demonstrated an increase in the binding of 3H-GABA to cortical and cerebellar membranes from the alcoholic pigs as compared to control. Binding of 3H-ligands to muscarine cholinergic, beta-adrenergic, alpha-adrenergic, dopamine and benzodiazepine receptors was not changed by chronic ethanol ingestion. These results are similar to those obtained in studies of human alcoholics by other investigators. The cholesterol content of myelin and synaptic plasma membranes was not altered by ethanol consumption. The fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene, a measure of membrane order, did not detect any differences in the membranes from control or alcohol-treated swine either before or after in vitro exposure to ethanol. These results are different from those reported for rodents after short-term ethanol treatments and emphasize the importance of evaluating different models of experimental alcoholism.

Enhancement of fibrinolytic and thrombolytic potential in the rat by an anabolic steroid, furazabol

The effect of long term ingestion of an anabolic steroid, furazabol, was studied on the coagulo-fibrinolytic systems in the rat. During the administration of furazabol at a daily dose of 0.04, 0.2 or 1 mg per rat for 3 months, the most remarkable changes were increase in the plasminogen activator activity in blood and the lung tissue and decrease in plasma fibrinogen level as well as decrease in plasma cholesterol. It was a very important finding that the furazabol treatment was effective in reducing susceptibility to lactic acidosis-induced pulmonary thromboembolism in the rat. These findings strongly suggest that pharmacological enhancement of tissue activator content (or potential fibrinolytic activity) is effective for preventing thrombotic tendency.

Enhancement of Fibrinolytic and Thrombolytic Potential in the Rat by Treatment with an Anabolic Steroid, Furazabol

The effect of long-term ingestion of an anabolic steroid, furazabol, was studied on coagulo-fibrinolytic systems in the rat. During the administration of furazabol at the daily dose of 0.04, 0.2 or 1 mg/rat for 3 months, the most remarkable changes were increase in the plasminogen activator activity in blood and the lung tissue and decrease in plasma fibrinogen level as well as decrease in plasma cholesterol. It was a very important finding that in most of the rats the furazabol treatment was effective in reducing susceptibility to lactic acidosis-induced pulmonary thrombosis. No meaningful changes were observed in other parameters tested including ADP-induced platelet aggregability, plasma recalcification time, plasma plasminogen, plasma antiplasmin activity, plasminogen activator content of tissues other than the lungs and the release of vascular activator induced by venous occlusion. One month after cessation of the furazabol treatment, these altered parameters tended to return to normal. Independently on the furazabol treatment, highly significant positive correlation existed between the plasma activator activity and the pulmonary tissue activator content. This indicated that the major source of plasma activator in the rat was the lung tissue and that the furazabol treatment increased the circulating activator activity through enhancing activator content in the lungs.