Effects Of Isometric Handgrip Exercise Research Articles

Effects of Isometric Handgrip Exercise on Carotid Arterial Function and Cardiovascular Vasoreactivity Response to Sympathetic Stress in Young Adults

Effects of Isometric Handgrip Exercise on Carotid Arterial Function and Cardiovascular Vasoreactivity Response to Sympathetic Stress in Young Adults

Effect of Isometric Handgrip Exercise on Sleep Quality of Hypertension Patients in the Elderly

Aims: The study aimed to knowing the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on the quality of sleep of hypertension patients in the elderly. Methods: The study was Quasi Experiment research with one group pretest-posttest design. The study population was purposive sampling and obtained a total of 30 respondents. This research was conducted at the Sukawarna Health Center Work Area, Bandung City. The instrument used was PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Results: There was an effect ofisometric handgrip exercise on the quality of sleep of hypertension patients in the elderly (p-value = 0,000). Conclusion: Isometric handgrip exercise is a non-pharmacological therapy that can be used to improve quality of sleep of hypertension patients in the elderly.

Isometric Handgrip Exercise terhadap Perubahan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia dan Perempuan Menopause dengan Rheumatoid Arthritis

This study aims to determine the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on the elderly and postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis in hypertensive patients accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis. This research method is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design and a control group approach to pretest and posttest design. The sampling technique used in this study is nonprobability sampling. The results showed a difference in the mean difference between the elderly and menopausal women with systolic rheumatoid arthritis pre-day one and post-day 5 in the intervention and control groups (p-value = 0.000) and diastolic blood pressure (p-value = 0.015). In conclusion, isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) affects changes in blood pressure in hypertensive patients accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis.
 Keywords: Hypertension, Isometric Handgrip Exercise, Rheumatoid Arthritis

Penerapan Isometric Handgrip Exercise Untuk Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Penderita Hipertensi Derajat 1

Hypertension is a disease that cannot be cured but should be controlled, therefore complications will not occurred. Hypertension can be treated by pharmacologically and non-pharmacological intervention. One of the non-pharmacological intervention of hypertension is isometric handgrip exercise which involves pressing the muscles on the blood vessels and when the pressure is released it can stretch the blood vessels and lower blood pressure. This study aims to determine the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on systolic and diastolic blood pressure among stage 1 hypertensive patients. This is a quantitative research using a quasy experimental design with one group pretest-posttest approach. The population of this study were all employees of Mitra Siaga Hospital in Tegal with stage 1 hypertension. The sampling technique that used was a total sampling technique with a total of 50 respondents. The results of statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon sign rank test showed p-value 0.000 (<0.05), which means that the application of isometric handgrip exercise can reduce blood pressure of stage 1 hypertensive patient. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference in the management of hypertension, especially using isometric handgrip exercise as a non- pharmacological intervention for stage 1 hypertension which can be done independently.

Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on blood pressure and comfort among hypertensive patients

Introduction: Hypertension patients with uncontrolled blood pressure will experience some physical complaints. Controlled blood pressure will reduce physical complaints and improve comfort. Physical activity can help in making blood pressure controlled. However, due to limited time and access, many hypertensive patients rarely do some exercise. This study aimed to investigate the Isometric Handgrip Exercise's effect on blood pressure and comfort of hypertension patients. Methods: The research design is a quasi-experimental pre and post-test with the control group. The population was hypertension patients who were members of the chronic program disease, had hypertension pre and grade 1, and no further complication or physical impairment. The sample used unpaired numerical analytical formulas, obtained by 25 patients for each group. The intervention of an Isometric Handgrip was conducted for ten days. In one day, there is one session with 4x3 minutes. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between isometric handgrip exercise with a decrease in blood pressure and increased patient comfort. Conclusions: Isometric handgrip exercise can be an alternative activity for patients that influences helping to maintain stable blood pressure and reduce the physical discomfort

Assessment of baroreflex sensitivity during isometric handgrip exercise and oscillatory lower body negative pressure

ObjectivesBaroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is an estimate of autonomic control of cardiovascular system via the baroreflex arc. It has been suggested that exercise pressure reflex and muscle metaboreflex override baroreflex during exercise to decrease baroreflex gain, which facilitates the simultaneous rise in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate during the exercise. This study investigated the effects of isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) on baroreflex gain and frequency dependence of baroreflex sensitivity while fluctuations in arterial BP were generated. MethodsThirteen healthy men performed IHE at 20% and 30% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), while oscillatory lower body negative pressure (OLBNP) of 40 mmHg was applied in 0.1 and 0.25 Hz frequencies. ResultsCompared to the OLBNP at 0.25 Hz frequency alone, the baroreflex gain for diastolic BP (DBP) was significantly reduced with the addition of IHE at 20% and 30% of MVC in the high frequency band. At rest (without IHE and OLBNP) the baroreflex gain was significantly more in the high frequency band for DBP, but the baroreflex gain for DBP was not significantly different when IHE + OLBNP were applied at 20% and 30% of MVC in both frequencies. ConclusionsThe significant reduction of DBP baroreflex gain with the addition of graded IHE might indicate that exercise pressure reflex and muscle metaboreflex override baroreflex during exercise to decrease baroreflex gain at a high frequency band (0.25 Hz). The frequency-dependent phenomenon of BRS was altered when IHE and OLBNP were applied, meaning that the frequency dependence of BRS was nullified during IHE.

PS-C25-9: COMPARISON OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECTS OF ISOMETRIC HANDGRIP VERSUS AEROBIC EXERCISE IN ELDERLY HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the antihypertensive effects of isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) versus aerobic exercise (AE) on clinic, central and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures in elderly hypertensive patients. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with a three-arm design. Fifty-four elderly hypertensive patients (mean age 69 ± 6 years) were randomized to IHG training (n = 17), AE training (n = 19), or non-exercise control group (n = 18; CON) for 12 weeks (3 times per week). Bilateral IHG training was performed four times of 2 min at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction using a digital handgrip device. AE training was a brisk walking and bike exercise for 30-min at moderate intensity. Resting clinic, central, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures were obtained at baseline and after 12-week intervention. Results: Compared with CON, office and 24-hour systolic blood pressure were significantly reduced in both IHG and AE groups (P < 0.05, both) and the magnitude of SBP reduction was not significantly different between both the exercise intervention groups. However, office, central and 24-hour diastolic blood pressure were more decreased in IHG vs. AE group as compared with CON. Conclusion: These findings suggest that both IHG and AE training reduced resting office blood pressure and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, but IHG training is more effective in improving office, central and 24-h ambulatory diastolic blood pressure than AE. Thus, IHG training may be an alternative antihypertensive therapy for elderly hypertensive patients.

Isometric handgrip training, but not a single session, reduces blood pressure in individuals with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aerobic exercise is a leading strategy for the prevention/management of systemic arterial hypertension, but other modalities of exercise have also been explored. Thus, we examined the acute effect of isometric handgrip exercise (IHGE) and the chronic effect of isometric handgrip training (IHGT) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in individuals with hypertension without comorbid conditions. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults with hypertension. We searched the electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, Web of Science, LILACS, EMBASE and PEDro. We used random-effects model for the analyses, RoB2 tool to assess the risk of bias, and GRADE to assess the strength of evidence. A total of 9 RCTs (2 for IHGE and 7 for IHGT) were selected. Compared to a control condition, IHGE did not have any effect on SBP/DBP. Unlike, the pooled mean effect of IHGT showed SBP was reduced by 6.7 mmHg (95% CI -10.3 to -3.4 mmHg) and DBP by 4.5 mmHg (95% CI -7.3 to -1.7 mmHg) in individuals with hypertension. Also, the 95% prediction interval (95% PI) of IGHT was -10.9 to -2.5 mmHg for SBP and -10.2 to +1.2 mmHg for DBP. In conclusion, while IHGE did not produce post-exercise hypotension in the population studied, IHGT reduced SBP/DBP in individuals with hypertension with clinically important reductions in SBP (-6.7 mmHg) and DBP (-4.5 mmHg). This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD 42021217958).

The Effect Of Isometric Hand-grip Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction On Hemodynamic Responses

Several studies have examined the effect of isometric handgrip exercise at submaximal intensities on cardiovascular system. However, few studies have focused on hemodynamic responses and muscle fatigue while exercising with blood flow restriction (BFR). PURPOSE: This crossover study examined the hemodynamic responses and muscle fatigue of an isometric, low intensity hand grip exercise protocol performed under blood flow restriction. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy adult volunteers (12 women and 12 men, age: 23.3 ± 1.9, BMI: 24.9 ± 6.2 kg/m2) performed 4 sessions of isometric hand grip exercise at 30% of maximal isometric strength using a grip dynamometer. Each session lasted 2 min and was performed in two conditions, without (control-C) and with blood flow restriction- BFR on different days. Blood flow restriction was achieved by applying a blood flow restriction cuff at a pressure of 140 mmHg. Hemodynamic responses (systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure-SBP and DBP, heart rate-HR, and oxygen saturation- OS SpO2) and muscle fatigue (maximal isometric grip strength- IMVC and Borg scale) were assessed before, at the end of each exercise session, and 15 minutes after exercise performed under the two different conditions. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used for statistics and data are given as mean(SD). RESULTS: Outcomes measures mean score (SD) for each time point of measurement in the two exercise conditions.* Between groups significant comparisons in the post hoc testing. BFRT: Blood Flow Restriction Training, Control: Conduction of exercise with no blood restriction, HR: Heart Rate, SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure, OS: Oxygen Saturation, IMVC: Isometric Maximal Voluntary Contraction CONCLUSIONS: A submaximal isometric hand grip exercise does not induce significant hemodynamic changes, though it causes a more intense feeling of fatigue.

The impact of isometric handgrip exercise and training on health-related factors: A review.

Isometric handgrip exercise has been suggested to promote some health-related factors (e.g., lowering blood pressure). However, there is a need to evaluate whether this type of exercise can be included as an option to elicit these health-related outcomes. The purpose of the article was to systematically review the acute and chronic effects of isometric handgrip exercise on resting blood pressure, pain sensation, cognitive functionand blood lipids and lipoproteins. A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 89 studies met our inclusion criteria. Most randomized controlled trials (17/26) reported reductions in resting blood pressure (mostly systolic blood pressure) following isometric handgrip training. There were inconsistent results in isometric handgrip exercise-induced hypotension (i.e., acute response). There was convincing evidence observed in randomized controlled trials (4/6) for isometric handgrip exercise-induced hypoalgesia. Some randomized controlled trials (2/2) supported an improvement in memory performance, but not interference control (0/2), after a session of isometric handgrip exercise. None of the included studies found any effects of isometric handgrip training on blood lipids and lipoproteins. Isometric handgrip exercise appears to be an effective method to improve certain health-related factors. The acute reductions in pain and blood pressure may share a similar central mechanism. However, training-induced reductions in resting blood pressure may be driven by changes in the periphery. Additional work is needed to better understand if (and to what extent) isometric handgrip exercise (or training) influences cognitive function and blood lipids and lipoproteins.

Hypoalgesia following isometric handgrip exercise with and without blood flow restriction is not mediated by discomfort nor changes in systolic blood pressure

ABSTRACT The purpose was to examine the effect of isometric handgrip exercise with and without blood flow restriction on exercise-induced hypoalgesia at a local and non-local site, and its underlying mechanisms. Sixty participants (21 males & 39 females, 18–35 years old) completed 3 trials: four sets of 2-minute isometric handgrip exercise at 30% of maximum handgrip strength; isometric handgrip exercise with blood flow restriction at 50% of arterial occlusion pressure; and a non-exercise time-matched control. Pain thresholds increased similarly in both exercise conditions at a local (exercise conditions: ~0.45 kg/cm2, control: ~-0.04 kg/cm2) and non-local site (exercise conditions: ~0.37 kg/cm2, control: ~-0.16 kg/cm2). Blood flow restriction induced greater feelings of discomfort compared to exercise alone [median difference (95% credible interval) of 4.5 (0.5, 8.6) arbitrary units]. Blood pressure increased immediately after exercise (systolic: 10.3 mmHg, diastolic: 7.7 mmHg) and decreased in recovery. There was no within participant correlation between changes in discomfort and pressure pain threshold. A bout of isometric handgrip exercise with or without blood flow restriction can provide exercise-induced hypoalgesia at a local and non-local site. However, discomfort and changes in systolic blood pressure do not explain this response.

Effects of isometric handgrip exercise with or without blood flow restriction on interference control and feelings.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether isometric handgrip exercise, with or without blood flow restriction, would alter interference control and feelings. 60 healthy young adults completed three experimental visits, consisting of four sets of 2min isometric handgrip exercise, at 30% of maximal strength with or without blood flow restriction (50% of arterial occlusion pressure), or a non-exercise/time-matched control. Exercise-induced feeling inventory and Stroop Color Word Test were performed at pre- and ~10-min post-exercise, respectively. Bayes factors (BF10 ) quantified the evidence for or against the null. There were no changes or differences between conditions for interference control following exercise with or without blood flow restriction (Incongruent BF10 : 0.155; Stroop Interference BF10 : 0.082). There were also no differences in the error rate as well as no differences between conditions for changes in 'positivity' or 'revitalization'. Feelings of 'tranquility' were reduced relative to a control following exercise with (median δ [95% credible interval]: -0.74 (-1.05, -0.45), BF10 : 5515.7) and without (median δ: -0.72 [-1.02, -0.41], BF10 : 571.3) blood flow restriction. These changes were not different between exercise conditions. Feelings of 'physical exhaustion' were increased relative to a control following exercise without blood flow restriction (median δ: 0.35[0.09, 0.61], BF10 : 5.84). However, this increase was not different from the same exercise with blood flow restriction. These results suggest that 1) isometric handgrip exercise could be performed without impairing interference control, even when blood flow restriction is added, and that 2) changes in feelings occur independent of changes in interference control.

Isometric Handgrip Exercise Training Improves Spirometric Parameters and Pulmonary Capacity.

Decline in normal physiological pulmonary function has been attributed to premorbid conditions such as prehypertension. Research evidence suggests that physical activity reduces age-related decline in pulmonary function and improves the efficiency of the lungs in prehypertensive patients. However, there is a scarcity of data evidence relating to isometric exercise and pulmonary function. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the intensity and duration of isometric exercise and pulmonary function in these patients is still uncertain. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. To determine the effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. A quasi experiment using a pre- and post-exercise method was carried out in two out-patients hospital settings. The sample comprised 192 sedentary pre-hypertensive subjects, aged between 30–50 years, that were randomly distributed into three groups of 64 participants each. The subjects performed, for 24 consecutive days, an isometric handgrip exercise at 30% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (M.V.C.). At the end of the 24 days, group one (GP1) discontinued, while group two (GP2) continued the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days and group three (GP3) continued with the exercise protocol for another 24 consecutive days but at 50% M.V.C. Determinants of lung function (outcomes) were Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC Ratio and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise outcomes for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC Ratio and PEFR after 24 days for group 1. In group 2, there was a statistically significant difference in the FVC [(mean = 0.12 ± 0.12), (p = 0.002)], FEV1 [(mean = 0.15 ± 0.17), (p = 0.003)] and PEF [(mean = 0.85 ± 0.35), (p = 0.001)] after 48 days. In group 3, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) in all the outcomes assessed after 48 days. There was a between groups difference in favour of group 2 compared with group 1 for outcomes of FEV1 [(mean = 0.142 ± 0.68), (p = 0.005)] and PEF [(mean = 0.83 ± 0.19), (p = 0.0031)]. There was statistically significant difference in favour of group 3 compared to group 2, by increasing the exercise intensity from 30% to 50% M.V.C., for outcomes of FVC [mean change = 0.10 ± 0.052), (p = 0.005)], FEV1/FVC [mean change = 3.18 ± 0.75), (p = 0.017)] and PEF [(mean change = 0.86 ± 0.35), (p = 0.001)] after 48 days. Isometric handgrip exercise (after 48 days at 30% to 50% M.V.C.) improves outcomes of pulmonary function capacity in adults with prehypertension. Meanwhile, duration and/or increase in intensity of the isometric effort significantly contributed to the affects attained.

Changes of Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients Through Isometric Handgrip Exercise

This study aims to identify the effect of isometric handgrip exercise on changes in blood pressure in people with hypertension. Quasi experimental research design with two group pretest postest research design on 16 respondents. The results showed that there were changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after the isometric handgrip exercise intervention (t = 8,279, p = 0,000), (t = 6,154, p = 0,000). In conclusion, there was a difference between the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the isometric handgrip exercise intervention group.
 
 Keywords: Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Isometric Handgrip Exercise

Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on intraocular pressure among healthy adult males

Glaucoma is the main cause for irreversible blindness in India. The main determinant of glaucoma is raised intraocular pressure (IOP) which is influenced by many factors. One of the main factors is physical exercise. Objective of this study is to exhibit the effect of isometric handgrip exercise using Smedley’s handgrip dynamometer on IOP among young adult males in the south Indian population. In this quasi experimental study, 150 young healthy adult male subjects with ages between 15 to 40 years were selected on the basis of fulfilling our inclusion and exclusion criteria with the help of a questionnaire. Baseline IOP and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the subjects were measured using non-contact tonometer and Smedley’s Handgrip Dynamometer, respectively. The subjects were instructed to hold the handgrip dynamometer with 20% of MVC in sustained manner for minimum 2 min or until fatigue sets in. IOP were measured on both eyes immediately and 15 min following exercise and IOP variation was analysed using paired t-test. A small but significant decrease in IOP was noted immediately as well as 15 min following exercise. Average fall in right eye was 1.75 mm Hg immediately and 2.14 mm Hg 15 min following exercise (P<0.01). The average fall in the left eye was 1.62 mm Hg immediately and 1.91 mm Hg after 15 min (P<0.01). Isometric handgrip exercise of the single upper limb showed significant reduction of IOP on both eyes following exercise and the decrease was much higher 15 min after exercise. This result can be extrapolated and clinically applied for glaucoma prevention and supplemented as lifestyle modification during glaucoma treatment.

Noninvasive detection of impaired pulmonary artery endothelial function in people living with HIV

People living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased risk of pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. Endothelial cell dysfunction is thought to contribute, but human studies have been limited by the invasive nature of conventional measures of pulmonary artery endothelial function (PAEF). We report here a noninvasive MRI approach to measure nitric oxide mediated PAEF by quantifying changes in pulmonary artery area and blood flow during isometric handgrip exercise (IHE), an endothelial nitric oxide dependent stressor. We used this to test the hypothesis that PLWH have impaired PAEF, even before development of pulmonary hypertension. A prospective cohort study. We enrolled 25 HIV-positive viral-suppressed individuals on stable antiretroviral therapy without known or suspected pulmonary hypertension and 19 matched seronegative control individuals (HIV-negative). Pulmonary artery area and blood flow changes in response to IHE were measured with noncontrast MRI. Data previously collected during nitric oxide-synthase inhibition were analysed to determine the role of nitric oxide in the pulmonary artery response to IHE. Seronegative individuals exhibited the anticipated PA vasodilatory response to IHE, but this was completely absent in HIV-positive individuals who exhibited an impaired area change (-1.1 ± 1.2 vs. +7.7 ± 2.2%, HIV-positive vs. HIV-negative, mean ± SEM, respectively, P = 0.002) and blood flow response (0.2 ± 2.3 vs. 13.5 ± 4.8%, P = 0.005). The pulmonary artery vasodilatory effect of IHE in healthy individuals was fully blocked by nitric oxide-synthase, demonstrating this pulmonary artery response is predominantly nitric oxide mediated. Using noninvasive MRI methods to quantify PAEF, we observed significantly impaired PAEF in PLWH compared with matched HIV-negative controls. Noninvasive PAEF testing may be useful in evaluating early HIV-related pulmonary vascular disease.

Effects of Isometric Handgrip Exercise on Blood Pressure and its role in Identifying Hypertensive Risk Individuals

Effects of Isometric Handgrip Exercise on Blood Pressure and its role in Identifying Hypertensive Risk Individuals

Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on the size of cephalic veins in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Proper vascular access is essential for the long-term survival of chronic haemodialysis patients. The preferred vascular access in terms of long-term function is the native arteriovenous fistula. The success of native arteriovenous fistula depends mainly on a sufficient vein diameter. Thus, any intervention that could increase vein diameter before arteriovenous fistula creation could improve its patency. We conduct a study to investigate the effect of local physical training, namely handgrip exercise, on the distal forearm cephalic vein diameter in patients with chronic renal disease. A total of 34 chronic renal disease patients (stage 3 and 4) were recruited in a randomized controlled trial. Handgrip exercise was performed for 8 weeks in the intervention group. Handgrip-strength measurement and distal forearm cephalic vein diameter of a non-dominant hand with and without tourniquet was recorded (measurement is taken 1 cm proximal to the radial styloid). After 8 weeks, the mean cephalic vein diameter in the intervention group increased from 1.77 and 1.97 mm to 2.15 and 2.43 mm, without and with a tourniquet, respectively (p < 0.05). There is also a significant change in the mean diameter of distal forearm cephalic vein (p < 0.05) in the intervention group when measured in both the absence (mean change 0.39 ± 0.06 mm vs 0.01 ± 0.02 mm) and the presence of tourniquet (mean change 0.47 ± 0.07 mm vs 0.01 ± 0.01 mm). These findings suggest that non-invasive handgrip exercise can increase in the diameter of the distal forearm cephalic vein, thereby increasing the rate of successful arteriovenous fistula creation.

Effect Of Isometric Handgrip Exercise On Hypercapnia-induced Shear-mediated Dilation In The Internal Carotid Artery

The previous study reported that flow-mediated dilation in peripheral conduit arteries decreased following an acute bout of isometric exercise. On the other hand, it remains unknown whether an acute isometric exercise affects cerebrovascular endothelial function. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of acute isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise on hypercapnia-induced shear-mediated dilation in the internal carotid artery (ICA). METHODS: Four subjects participated in the present study and performed four 2-min IHG exercises at 25% of maximum voluntary contraction. Shear-mediated dilation in the ICA as an index of cerebrovascular endothelial function was measured by using Doppler ultrasound before and immediately after the IHG exercise protocol. Shear-mediated dilation in the ICA was induced by hypercapnia (target end-tidal carbon dioxide; +10mmHg from individual baseline value) and was calculated as the percent rise in peak diameter from baseline value. RESULTS: ICA blood velocity and diameter did not change after acute IHG exercise protocol compared with resting value. Also, shear-mediated dilation in the ICA was unchanged by IHG exercise protocol (4.4±2.0 vs. resting value, 4.5±1.9, P=0.84). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the IHG exercise trials did not change cerebrovascular endothelium function. These findings suggest that the response of cerebral endothelial function to IHG exercise is different from that of the peripheral endothelial function.

Effect of Isometric Handgrip Exercise on Diastolic Function in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients

Pediatric heart transplant recipients (HTR) have reduced exercise tolerance and diastolic dysfunction at rest despite normal ejection fraction. In adult HTR the impaired diastolic function is related to peak exercise tolerance, but this relationship is poorly understood in pediatric HTR. To determine the effects of low‐grade exercise stress on diastolic function in pediatric HTR, we tested the hypothesis that diastolic function would be augmented during isometric handgrip exercise.MethodsSeven pediatric HTRs were studied (mean±SD age: 10±3 yrs; sex: 3F, 4M; time since transplant: 5.4±2.1 yrs; left ventricular mass: 68±19 g/m2; end‐diastolic volume: 42±6 mL; end‐systolic volume: 12±2 mL; ejection fraction: 71±9 %). Pulsed Doppler was used to quantify early (E) and late (A) diastolic inflow velocities, deceleration time and slope. Tissue Doppler imaging of the lateral mitral annulus was used to assess velocity during early diastole (e′) and late diastole (a′). Left ventricular filling pressure responses were estimated using the early diastolic mitral valve inflow velocity/early diastolic lateral wall tissue velocity ratio (E/e′). Resting diastolic assessment was performed followed by 2 min of isometric handgrip exercise at 30% maximal voluntary contraction with diastolic function re‐assessed during the last 30 s of exercise.ResultsHeart rate (92±10 to 105±13 bpm; P=0.01) and mean arterial pressure (73±7 to 90±21 mmHg; P=0.035) increased from rest to exercise. There was no significant change in E/A (2.2±0.8 to 2.2±1.1; P=0.831), deceleration time (0.183±0.031 to 0.173±0.035 s; P=0.529), deceleration slope (613±152 to 619±169 cm/s2; P=0.926), e′/a′ (2.8±0.7 to 2.5±1.2 cm/s2; P=0.433), or E/e′ (7.02±1.37 to 7.13±1.71; P=0.709) from rest to exercise.ConclusionPediatric HTR have diastolic dysfunction at rest that is not augmented during low‐grade handgrip exercise stress.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.