Effects Of Intermittent Fasting Research Articles

Challenges in Providing an Overview of Results of Intermittent Fasting Interventions on Diabetes Parameters. Comment on Silva et al. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Health and Metabolic-Related Disorders. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3699.

We hereby comment on the systematic review "Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Health and Metabolic-Related Disorders" by Silva et al [...].

Impact of Intermittent Fasting and Dietary Restriction on Redox State, Energetic Metabolism, and Liver Injury in Common Bile Duct Ligation Model.

The aim of this work was to test whether we can treat cholestasis with dietary approaches applied after the onset of the disease. The effects of intermittent fasting and dietary restriction on liver damage caused by common bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats were studied, with particular attention paid to changes in the activity of enzymes of energy metabolism and antioxidant protection. Morphological changes in liver tissue and serum markers of liver damage were assessed in rats with BDL kept for one month on ad libitum diet, intermittent fasting, or 35% dietary restriction. We studied parameters of glucose metabolism (activity of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis enzymes), TCA cycle, and indicators of oxidative stress and redox status of the liver tissue. Dietary restriction resulted in an increase in gluconeogenesis activity, antioxidant capacity, and autophagy activation. When implemented after BDL, none of the dietary restriction protocols reduced the level of oxidative stress, detrimental morphological and biochemical alterations, or the fibrosis progression. Thus, under severe damage and oxidative stress developing in cholestasis, dietary restrictions are not hepatoprotective and can only be used in a pre-treatment mode.

Reply to Dietvorst et al. Challenges in Providing an Overview of Results of Intermittent Fasting Interventions on Diabetes Parameters. Comment on "Silva et al. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Health and Metabolic-Related Disorders. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3699".

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Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Liver Function Tests: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Intermittent fasting (IF) is a diet strategy with alternate intervals of calorie reduction and normal eating. Despite its beneficial effects on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors, the effect of IF on liver function tests (LFTs) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of IF on LFTs through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. An electronic search was performed using predefined search terms in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science until February 2023. The studies were selected according to PRISMA guidelines, and the risk of bias was assessed for the randomized controlled trials. The results of this study are reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% CIs. Fourteen RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, with a total sample size of 908. IF significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD: -2.88, 95% CI: -4.72 to -1.04, P-value = .002) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (WMD: -1.67, 95% CI: -3.12 to -0.22, P-value = .024). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the impact of IF was significant in both the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the healthy groups for ALT. The effects of IF on the serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level were significant (WMD: -3.19, 95% CI: -6.00 to -0.39, P-value = .026), but there were no significant changes in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level (WMD: 1.06, 95% CI: -0.23 to 2.34, P-value = .106). Furthermore, no substantial heterogeneity between studies was reported. IF can improve ALT, AST, and GGT levels but not ALP enzyme levels and may have a benefit on liver function. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023396211.

Effect of intermittent fasting 16:8 and 14:10 compared with control-group on weight reduction and metabolic outcomes in obesity with type 2 diabetes patients: A randomized controlled trial.

To compare the percent weight change and metabolic outcomes among diabetic participants with obesity on intermittent fasting (IF) 16:8, IF 14:10, or normal controlled diets. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to randomize participants into three groups. Each group followed IF 16:8, IF 14:10, according to the protocol 3 days/week for 3 months or a control group. A total of 99 participants completed the study. The percentage weight changefrom baseline was -4.02% (95% CI, -4.40 to -3.64) in IF 16:8, -3.15% (95% CI, -3.41 to -2.89) in IF 14:10, and -0.55% (95% CI, -1.05 to -0.05) in the control group. The percentage weight loss from baseline was significantly more in both IF groups (P < 0.001, both) when compared with the control group. Weight loss was significantly more in the IF 16:8 group than in that of the IF 14:10 group (P < 0.001). Metabolic outcomes (decrease in FBS and HbA1C, and improvement in lipid profiles) were significantly improved from baseline in both IF groups in comparison with the control group. Either IF 16:8 or 14:10 had a benefit in the percentage weight change, glucose and lipid profiles in obese diabetic patients compared with the control group when consumed for 3 days a week for 3 months.

Effects of Intermittent Fasting and Sex on Blood Glucose, Free Fatty Acids, and Lipid Profile in Wistar Rats

Intermittent fasting (IF) has been reported to improve metabolic health through its effect on glucose and lipid profile. However, there is limited information on the effects of Intermittent Fasting on free fatty acids and sex related differences. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Intermittent Fasting (IF) on blood glucose, free fatty acids, lipid profile in both male and female Wistar rats and sex related differences. Twenty Wistar rats of both sexes weighing between 170-200g were used in the study. The animals were grouped into four (4) groups (n=5) per group. Groups 1 and 11 were male and female control groups respectively fed &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;ad libitum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; with feed and water while groups 111 and 1V were male and female intermittent fasting groups fasted for 16 hours and fed for 8 hours for 28 days respectively. They had free access to water for 24 hours. At the end of 28 days fasting, blood glucose, free fatty acids and lipid profile were determined. The results of the study showed that intermittent fasting was associated with a significant increase in free fatty acids in female rats (p&amp;lt; 0.05) but a non- significant increase in male rats. In both female and male rats, intermittent fasting was associated with a significant decrease (p&amp;lt; 0.05) ins blood glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, but a non-significant decrease in triglyceride compared with control groups in both male and female rats. In conclusion, Intermittent fasting may help to improve blood glucose and maintain a balanced lipid profile in both males and females. However, Intermittent fasting may also raise the level of free fatty acids and the effect might be more pronounced in females.

The Effect of Intermittent Fasting in some Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of New Zealand Rabbits

The Effect of Intermittent Fasting in some Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of New Zealand Rabbits

Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Lipid Profile, Anthropometric and Hepatic Markers in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Systematic Review.

The first-line treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is lifestyle modification; this should accompany any pharmacological intervention. Intermittent fasting (IF) has shown benefits over metabolic and cardiovascular parameters. Non-religious IF includes Time-Restricted Feeding (TRF), Alternate-Day Fasting (ADF), and 5:2 IF interventions. To evaluate the effects of IF on anthropometric, liver damage, and lipid profile markers in subjects with NAFLD. A bibliographic search was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using PubMed and Scopus databases. Five studies involving 470 patients with NAFLD were included. In relation to anthropometric markers, all the articles reported body weight reduction (2.48-7.63%), but only ADF and 5:2 IF reported a body weight reduction >5%; also, all the articles reported fat mass reduction. Concerning hepatic markers, all the articles reported a reduction in hepatic steatosis and alanine aminotransferase activity, but no changes in fat-free mass and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. There were variable results on fibrosis, other liver enzymes, waist circumference and body mass index, as well as the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Any form of IF could be potentially beneficial for NAFLD treatment and some associated cardiometabolic parameters. However, it is necessary to evaluate the effects and safety of IF in long-term studies involving a higher number of participants with different stages of NAFLD. The effect of IF on NAFLD-associated vascular risk also needs evaluation.

Effect of intermittent fasting on fasting blood glucose, sirtuin 1, and total antioxidant capacity in rat models of diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia. DM therapy is mainly purposed to control blood glucose levels by adjusting diet and reducing body fat, which can be implemented with calorie restriction (CR) by intermittent fasting (IF), a diet that alternates periods between eating and fasting. Sirtuins, proteins activated by CR, can regulate glucose metabolism, regulate insulin secretion, and protect cells from oxidative stress, so IF is considered to be an opportunity for DM management.Objective: This study is to determine effects of IF on Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity, and total antioxidants (TAOC) in rat models of Wistar with DM.Methods: This experimental study applied a post-test control group design involving 24 Wistar rats which were divided into 4 groups: K1 (rats with DM without IF), K2 (rats with DM treated with metformin 45 mg/kg BW, K3 (rats with DM treated with IF), and K4 (normal rats treated with IF). The diabetes condition were induced with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats received IF treatment, fasted for 16 hours and ate window open for 8 hours. This treatment was conducted for 14 days. The FBG levels were measured by using a glucometer, while SIRT1 activity and TAOC were measured by using the ELISA method.Results: The statistical analysis using the Kruskal Wallis test for the FBG levels indicated that there was a significant difference among the four groups (p = 0.000). The ANOVA test for SIRT1 activity revealed that there was a significant difference among the four groups (p = 0.001). The Kruskal Wallis test for TAOC pointed out that there was no significant difference among the four groups (p = 0.529).Conclusion: The IF method using a 16:8 regimen reduced the FBG levels and increased the sirtuin 1 activity, but it was not proven to increase the TAOC in the rat models of Wistar with DM.

The effect of intermittent fasting on microbiota as a therapeutic approach in obesity.

Obesity, a public health challenge, arises from a complex interplay of factors such as dietary habits and genetic predisposition. Alterations in gut microbiota, characterized by an imbalance between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, further exacerbate metabolic dysregulation, promoting inflammation and metabolic disturbances. Intermittent fasting (IF) emerges as a promising dietary strategy showing efficacy in weight management and favoring fat utilization. Studies have used mice as animal models to demonstrate the impact of IF on gut microbiota composition, highlighting enhanced metabolism and reduced inflammation. In humans, preliminary evidence suggests that IF promotes a healthy microbiota profile, with increased richness and abundance of beneficial bacterial strains like Lactobacillus and Akkermansia. However, further clinical trials are necessary to validate these findings and elucidate the long-term effects of IF on microbiota and obesity. Future research should focus on specific tissues and cells, the use of advanced -omics techniques, and exploring the interaction of IF with other dietary patterns, to analyze microbiota composition, gene expression, and potential synergistic effects for enhanced metabolic health. While preliminary evidence supports the potential benefits of IF in obesity management and microbiota regulation, further research with diverse populations and robust methodologies is necessary to understand its implications and optimize personalized dietary interventions. This review explores the potential impact of IF on gut microbiota and its intricate relationship with obesity. Specifically, we will focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms through which IF affects microbiota composition, as well as its subsequent effects on obesity.

Effects of Different Types of Intermittent Fasting Interventions on Metabolic Health in Healthy Individuals (EDIF): A Randomised Trial with a Controlled-Run in Phase.

The effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on health promotion in the healthy population remain controversial. Therefore, our study aimed to analyse the efficacy and feasibility of different IF protocols and evaluated the effects within a cohort with a controlled-run in phase on the body mass index (BMI) as the primary outcome, the body composition, and metabolic and haematological markers in healthy participants. A total of 25 individuals were randomised into three fasting groups: 16/8 fasting (n = 11), 20/4 fasting (n = 6), and alternate-day fasting (ADF, n = 8). Assessments were conducted at baseline (visit 1), after a four-week controlled-run in phase (visit 2), and after eight weeks of fasting (visit 3). Both the BMI (p = 0.01) and bodyweight (p = 0.01) were significantly reduced in the ADF group, which was not seen in the 16/8 and 20/4 groups (p > 0.05). Adherence was different but not statistically among the groups (16/8: 84.5 ± 23.0%; 20/4: 92.7 ± 9.5%; and ADF: 78.1 ± 33.5%, p = 0.57). Based on our obtained results, the data suggest that some fasting interventions might be promising for metabolic health. However, adherence to the specific fasting protocols remains challenging even for the healthy population.

Effect of intermittent fasting on adriamycin-induced nephropathy: Possible underlying mechanisms

PurposeIntermittent fasting (IF) has been shown to induce a well-organized adaptive defense against stress inside the cells, which increases the production of anti-oxidant defenses, repair of DNA, biogenesis of mitochondria, and genes that combat inflammation. So, the goal of the current investigation was to identify the effects of IF on rats with adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy and any potential underlying mechanisms. MethodsFour groups of 40 mature Sprague-Dawley male rats were allocated as follow; control, fasting, ADR, and ADR plus fasting. After 8 weeks of ADR administration urine, blood samples and kidneys were taken for assessment of serum creatinine (Cr), BUN, urinary proteins, indicators of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and Catalase (CAT) levels), histopathological examinations, immunohistochemical examinations for caspase-3, Sirt1, aquaporin2 (AQP2) and real time PCR for antioxidant genes; Nrf2, HO-1 in kidney tissues. ResultsIF significantly improved serum creatinine, BUN and urinary protein excretion, oxidative stress (low MDA with high CAT and GSH), in addition to morphological damage to the renal tubules and glomeruli as well as caspase-3 production during apoptosis. Moreover, IF stimulates significantly the expression of Sirt1 and Nrf2/HO-1 and AQP2. ConclusionAQP2, Sirt1, Nrf2/HO-1 signaling may be upregulated and activated by IF, which alleviates ADR nephropathy. Enhancing endogenous antioxidants, reducing apoptosis and tubulointerstitial damage, and maintaining the glomerular membrane's integrity are other goals.

Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Weight Loss and Maintenance of the Lost Weight in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Weight Loss and Maintenance of the Lost Weight in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The effect of intermittent fasting on preventing obesity-related early aging from a molecular and cellular perspective.

Obesity is a global health concern owing to its association with numerous degenerative diseases and the fact that it may lead to early aging. Various markers of aging, including telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, altered protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell disorders, and intercellular communication, are influenced by obesity. Consequently, there is a critical need for safe and effective approaches to prevent obesity and mitigate the onset of premature aging. In recent years, intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary strategy that alternates between periods of fasting and feeding, has emerged as a promising dietary strategy that holds potential in counteracting the aging process associated with obesity. This article explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which IF affects obesity-related early aging. IF regulates various physiological processes and organ systems, including the liver, brain, muscles, intestines, blood, adipose tissues, endocrine system, and cardiovascular system. Moreover, IF modulates key signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and fork head box O (FOXO). By targeting these pathways, IF has the potential to attenuate aging phenotypes associated with obesity-related early aging. Overall, IF offers promising avenues for promoting healthier lifestyles and mitigating the premature aging process in individuals affected by obesity.

IDF23-0550 High-intensity exercise, intermittent fasting effects on cardiometabolic biomarkers in people with type 2 diabetes

IDF23-0550 High-intensity exercise, intermittent fasting effects on cardiometabolic biomarkers in people with type 2 diabetes

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Gastrointestinal Health: A Mini Review Article

Introduction:: Intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular topic in the medical and fitness fields because it helps reduce weight, improve metabolic health, and protect against diseases. In this short review, we summarized some of the current aspects of IF in relation to the gastrointestinal tract and highlighted the knowledge gap that may outline possible future research in this field. Methods:: The PubMed database was used to conduct narrative research of studies related to humans and mice regarding IF and its effect on five different aspects. Results:: First, the studies reported conflicting results; some supported the role of IF in promoting weight loss, while others concluded that the intervention, rather than IF itself, leads to weight reduction. Second, IF was shown to positively affect secretory immunoglobulin A, cell regeneration, and the gut microbiome. Third, IF was shown to improve the immune response. Fourth, IF was shown to promote stem cell-based regeneration; fifth, studies showed that IF has no effect on gastric or stool pH levels. We also mentioned normal gut motility and the migrating motor complex. Conclusion:: In conclusion, these results suggest that IF has a positive effect on these different aspects, even though there is a lack of human trials, which would be a fruitful area for further studies.

Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health in the Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The efficacy of intermittent fasting (IF), as an emerging weight management strategy, in improving cardiometabolic health has been evaluated in various populations, but that among Chinese individuals has not been systematically studied. A comprehensive search on multiple databases was performed to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to October 2022. The primary outcome was post-intervention weight loss, and secondary outcomes included changes in cardiometabolic indicators. Effect estimates were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. In total, nine RCTs with 899 Chinese participants were included. Time-restricted eating was the most adopted IF protocol in this study (six out of nine), followed by alternate-day fasting. The IF intervention significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides when compared with control groups. However, no statistically significant reductions in waist circumference, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were found. To sum up, IF can be a weight management strategy and may improve the cardiometabolic health of Chinese adults, but more long-term trials using different IF strategies are required to generate robust evidence of its efficacy.

The Effects of Intermittent Fasting as a Diet Regime on Obese Rats.

The Effects of Intermittent Fasting as a Diet Regime on Obese Rats.

Effect of intermittent fasting on lipid biokinetics in obese and overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: prospective observational study

BackgroundIntermittent fasting (IF) is a commonly used dietary practice that alternates between periods of unrestricted dietary consumption and abstinence from caloric intake. IF reduces caloric intake along with metabolic switch from utilization of glucose to fatty acids and ketones and resulting in reduction in adiposity and subsequently insulin resistance. Thus, it has been hypothesized that IF regimens can improve body composition in obese and overweight individuals.AimTo assess the effect of IF on lipid biokinetics in obese and overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Patients and methodsThirty overweight or obese T2D patients were recruited from the diabetes outpatient clinics at the Specialized Medical Hospital, Mansoura University. Patients were subjected to time restricted fasting for 16 h (from dawn to sunset) during Ramadan. Anthropometric data were measured for participants before and 3 weeks after Ramadan fasting. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, lipid profile, leptin, beta hydroxybutyrate (βHB) and high sensitive CRP levels were measured 1 week before and 3 weeks after Ramadan fasting.Results30 diabetic patients were recruited with a mean age of 54.3 ± 7.2 years. 24 (80%) were females. Obesity was diagnosed in 27 cases (90%). The median diabetes duration was 10 years. The study showed a statistically significant decrease in post-fasting body weight (BW), Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) & hip circumference (HC). There was a statistically significant decrease of post-fasting low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), Total cholesterol (TC), and leptin. The study also showed a statistically significant increase of post-fasting high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and βHB. No significant change was found in post-fasting levels of HbA1c, FPG, triglycerides (TG) or high sensitive CRP. Post-fasting leptin was positively correlated with post-fasting BW, BMI, WC, and HC. Post-fasting βHB was positively correlated with post-fasting TG, HbA1c, and LDL-C. Leptin levels change (pre vs post fasting) was positively correlated with the change in LDL-C levels.ConclusionIF reduced leptin and increased β-hydroxybutyrate levels. IF is an effective tool for losing weight and visceral fat and improving lipid profile in obese and overweight patients with T2D.

Effects of intermittent fasting on metabolism, cognitive function, and aging: a review of human and animal studies

Effects of intermittent fasting on metabolism, cognitive function, and aging: a review of human and animal studies