Effects Of Individual Attributes Research Articles

Bayesian-optimized extreme gradient boosting models for classification problems: an experimental analysis of product return case

PurposeProduct returns are a major challenge for e-businesses as they involve huge logistical and operational costs. Therefore, it becomes crucial to predict returns in advance. This study aims to evaluate different genres of classifiers for product return chance prediction, and further optimizes the best performing model.Design/methodology/approachAn e-commerce data set having categorical type attributes has been used for this study. Feature selection based on chi-square provides a selective features-set which is used as inputs for model building. Predictive models are attempted using individual classifiers, ensemble models and deep neural networks. For performance evaluation, 75:25 train/test split and 10-fold cross-validation strategies are used. To improve the predictability of the best performing classifier, hyperparameter tuning is performed using different optimization methods such as, random search, grid search, Bayesian approach and evolutionary models (genetic algorithm, differential evolution and particle swarm optimization).FindingsA comparison of F1-scores revealed that the Bayesian approach outperformed all other optimization approaches in terms of accuracy. The predictability of the Bayesian-optimized model is further compared with that of other classifiers using experimental analysis. The Bayesian-optimized XGBoost model possessed superior performance, with accuracies of 77.80% and 70.35% for holdout and 10-fold cross-validation methods, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the anonymized data, the effects of individual attributes on outcomes could not be investigated in detail. The Bayesian-optimized predictive model may be used in decision support systems, enabling real-time prediction of returns and the implementation of preventive measures.Originality/valueThere are very few reported studies on predicting the chance of order return in e-businesses. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to compare different optimization methods and classifiers, demonstrating the superiority of the Bayesian-optimized XGBoost classification model for returns prediction.

Effect of Individual Attributes toward Financial Management Behavior through Locus of Control

Only a few studies have examined the use of comprehensive variables in determining financial management behavior, though the model involves many other variables. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the locus of control as a mediator variable in the effect of financial attitude and knowledge, income, and spiritual intelligence on financial management behavior. It used a quantitative descriptive method and involved 391 respondents determined through convenience sampling. The results showed that financial attitude and spiritual intelligence significantly impact financial management behavior through locus of control. Whereas in the other two variables, namely financial knowledge, and income, the role of the mediator does not function effectively, so it does not have an indirect effect. These findings have implications for individuals to practice financial readiness in daily financial life. The information obtained also strengthens the role of self-control in financial management.JEL Classification: G40, G41

Causation analysis of seafarers’ unsafe acts: An investigation on individual features and safety consciousness

Studies on the effect of individual attributes and the internal influence of organizational management on individuals are important to enrich maritime accident research dominated by organizational perspective and to make such accident intervention management pertinent. The theory of planned behavior (TPB), which is well applied in road traffic studies and other fields, is introduced to investigate the individual-related causes of seafarers' unsafe acts. A comprehensive survey is conducted and seafarers' personal and professional attributes, work attitude, safety consciousness, and tendencies under different navigation scenarios are collected. With these data, a structural equation model to reveal the causal mechanism of seafarers' unsafe acts is established from an individual perspective, especially with regard to the influence of the latent factors. The results are as follows: (1) the improvement of safety consciousness mitigates unsafe acts, whereas a high work attitude increases the possibility of their occurrence through weakened safety consciousness; (2) among personal and professional attributes, satisfactory family life, higher education, and longer job tenure are positively related to seafarers’ safety consciousness, whereas continuous work and a higher job position cast negative influence; and (3) more favorable environments make seafarers lower their vigilance that results in unsafe acts.

Effect of individual attributes on allowable level of household sounds inside a residential space

The threshold sound pressure level of noise annoyance generated by various household sounds in a quiet residential space was investigated through psychophysical experiments. An audiovisual environment was simulated assuming a situation in which eight types of household sounds are heard in a residential space, and the lower threshold sound pressure level of annoyance at which household sounds are perceived as annoying was measured using the method of adjustment. The measured results were analyzed in relation to the noise sensitivity of subjects and the extent of sound insulation of their own houses. The results showed that individual factors related to the noise sensitivity and sound insulation score, as well as the audiovisual environmental factors related to the background noise and day-night condition, have significant influences on the lower threshold sound pressure level of annoyance.

Gender differences in Working Capital Management amongst Small Business Owners in Uganda

The purpose of this study is to examine gender differences on the effect of individual attributes on working capital management amongst small business owners. Based on a sample of 360 owner-managers of small businesses in the central business district of Kampala, the results show as follows. There are significant gender differences in perceived usefulness and attitude. Secondly, males and females do not statistically differ in terms of impulsivity. Thirdly, perceived usefulness significantly influences working capital management for females but not males. Fourthly, attitude significantly influences working capital management for males but not females. Lastly, the effect of impulsivity on working capital management is stronger for females than males. However, paucity of studies on the input perspective of working capital management limited crossvalidation of the findings with previous research. Future studies should be conducted to confirm the results. At policy level, understanding gender differences on the effect of the identified driving forces should be of interest to practitioners and policy makers in their effort to enhance small business management through developing appropriate gendered policies. This study contributes to the dearth of evidence of working capital management literature by investigating the effect of individual attributes as opposed to the conventional financial ratios.

Direct and indirect effects on weekend travel behaviors

The purpose of this study is to determine the causal factors that influence travel behavior. In particular, the joint relationships between trips, activities and activity durations are researched by examining the effects of personal and household attributes. In order to meet this objective, the total, direct and indirect effects of individual attributes on travel behavior are estimated using structural models. The statistical assumption and the interpretations of coefficients in classical causal analysis are similar to those in linear regression models. Specifically, the direct effects, as estimated coefficients, are only offered and interpreted. However, in travel behavior that results from complicated relationships among trips, activities and individual attributes, the indirect effects among factors related to travel behavior cannot be disregarded. The indirect effects through other intervening factors, in addition to the direct effects, may cause the total effect of specified factors on travel behavior. If only the direct effect is considered for analysis, the causal relationships among factors may not be able to be adequately understood. The advantage of using structural models is that they are able to estimate, in addition to direct structural effects, the indirect effects through other intervening factors. The study also assumes that Saturday travel behavior has an effect on Sunday travel behavior. The subdivided indirect effects of the personal and household attributes on trip generation, activity frequency, and activity durations are empirically analyzed in detail.

Effect of broadbanding compensation on management of corporate

Besides literature review, the survey by questionnaire on Taiwan-invested enterprises in Kun-Shan Region of Jiang-Su Province of China and the quantitative analysis were carried out in the study. The study tested how individual attributes impact the cognition on broadbanding compensation and performance, and detected the effects of individual attributes and broadbanding compensation on performance. Comparing with the traditional compensation system and on the basis of the integrative situation that Taiwan-invested enterprises are confronted with, the study then highlights the advantages of the broad banding compensation management

Social capital in contemporary Europe: evidence from the European Social Survey

Social capital is an increasingly popular concept among scientists, politicians and the media. It is regarded as a remedy for many of the failures of modern society and seen as wonder glue conducive to feelings of happiness and to better performing economies and democracies. In this article we are not so much concerned with the consequences of social capital for society, but we focus on why some people have higher levels of social capital than others. We argue that this is not only due to a number of personal characteristics but also to contextual or country features. We therefore formulate hypotheses about the effects of individual and macro or country characteristics that were tested using the survey data from the European Social Survey (2002). The results demonstrate that the impact of macro characteristics is rather modest compared to the effects of individual attributes. It also seems that social capital is a multifaceted phenomenon that cannot be captured by one single measure.

Power, Social Influence, and Sense Making: Effects of Network Centrality and Proximity on Employee Perceptions

Funding for this study was generously supplied by the Organizational Behavior Department of Yale University and the Harvard Business School Division of Research. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the Sunbelt International Social Network Conference, San Diego, 1990 and the Academy of Management Annual Meetings, Miami, 1991. The authors are grateful to Paul DiMaggio, David Krackhardt, Peter Marsden, and Ron Rice for helpful suggestions. We also profited greatly from comments provided by Marshall Meyer and this journal's reviewers. This paper explores the hypothesis that network interaction patterns affect employee perceptions through two conceptually and empirically distinguishable mechanisms: localized social influence based on network proximity and systemic power based on network centrality. The study explores the relative contributions of individual attributes, formal organizational positions, network centrality, and network proximity in explaining individual variation in perceptions of work-related conditions in an advertising firm. Results suggest that network factors shape job-related perceptions, over and above the effects of individual attributes and formal positions. Both advice network centrality and friendship network proximity evidenced significant effects, although they were stronger for centrality than for proximity.'

住民による都市近郊樹林地の機能評価 住民の属性による評価傾向の差異について

住民による都市近郊樹林地の機能評価 住民の属性による評価傾向の差異について

The Effect of Individual Attributes on Student Preferences for Industry Specific Employment

Job choice attitudes of 645 graduating baccalaureate hospitality students involved in various stages of the employment search process were investigated in this study. Individuals were asked for the...

Occupational stress: review and reappraisal.

This article presents an overview of the topic of occupational stress. Although its framework is somewhat conceptual, the article is intended to alert researchers to the practical considerations relevant to this topic. The authors attempt to arrive at a workable definition of stress, and then proceed to review the literature in this area, focusing on the measurement, sources, and management of stress, as well as the relationship between stress and coronary heart disease. Concepts related to stress (mental load, fatigue, and arousal) are defined and differentiated. Throughout, the effects of individual attributes are emphasized, as are the implications of investigating stress in the laboratory as opposed to the work environment.

A Multilevel Model of Life Satisfaction: Effects of Individual Characteristics and Neighborhood Composition

The effects of individual attributes, neighborhood context, and neighborhood social comparison on self-reported life satisfaction are examinedfor a sample of United States residents. We hypothesize that neighborhoods are important social contexts within which individuals draw satisfaction from life. In the individual-level model of life satisfaction, the results agree with past research that age, education, health, and marital status affect satisfaction. The effects of neighborhood context and social-comparison processes show that rural dwellers are more satisfied than city dwellers, while persons living in neighborhoods with a high cost of living are less satisfied. People whose incomes are below the neighborhood average may be less satisfied.

Social Area Analysis and Structural Effects

An attempt is made to identify socially distinct residential areas in an English city along two dimensions, social status and familism, using the theory and method of Social Area Analysis developed by Shevky and Bell. Evidence is produced to support the claim that the area types defined by using both dimensions are demographically and socially distinct. Suggestions are then made for incorporating the area typology into studies of human behaviour through the method for separating the effects of social context from the effects of individual attributes suggested by Davis, Spaeth and Huson. These are illustrated using survey data on social and political participation.