Effects Of Inappropriate Use Research Articles

Suspected inappropriate use of prescription and non-prescription drugs among requesting customers: A Saudi community pharmacists’ perspective

BackgroundInappropriate use of medications is a global health concern, and this is attributed to the increased accessibility to prescription and non-prescription (over-the-counter) drugs at community pharmacies. We investigated the inappropriate use of prescription and non-prescription drugs in community pharmacies based on the perspectives of the community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. MethodsThis was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional survey which employed convenient sampling (snowball technique) to recruit participants. Being a licensed practicing pharmacist in a retail chain or an independent community pharmacy was the inclusion criteria. Participants were asked to report the drugs they suspected of being inappropriately used along with the frequency, age and gender of the suspected customers. Pharmacists were also asked to mention the action taken to limit inappropriate use at their pharmacy. ResultsA total of 397 community pharmacists completed the questionnaire (86.9 % response rate). 86.4% of the pharmacists suspected some level of abuse or misuse to have occurred. After receiving the questionnaire, the pharmacists reported suspected inappropriate use as encountered during the past three months. Cumulative inappropriate use was reported 1069 times (prescription drugs – 530; non-prescription drugs – 539). The top three inappropriately used prescription-drug categories were gabapentinoids (22.5%), antipsychotics (17.5%) and topical corticosteroids (12.1%). Among non-prescription drugs, cough products (33.2%) ranked first, followed by cold and flu products (29.5%) and first-generation antihistamines (10.8%). The cross tabulations revealed that being in the age range of 26–50 years and being a male was significantly associated (p < 0.001) with abuse/misuse of antipsychotics, antidepressants, gabapentinoids, cough products and first-generation antihistamines. Eye products (Bimatoprost) and skin products abuse/misuse had significant association with female gender (p < 0.001) ConclusionThe results of our study provide crucial information to the healthcare authorities regarding the medications that can be inappropriately used at the community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia which necessitates implementation of stringent dispensing regulations. Educational programs can be implemented to increase the awareness among public regarding the harmful effects of inappropriate use of drugs.

Relationships between smartphone addiction, academic performance, life satisfaction, hopelessness and cyberloafing among university undergraduate students

The ubiquitous nature of smartphones has led to the emergence of addictive behaviors and new psychosocial disorders, almost overtaking the merits they provide. Within the relevant literature, the misuse of smartphones is purported to turn into a strong addiction, thus culminating in hopelessness and a reduction in life satisfaction. Another widespread behavioral disorder related to the misuse of smartphones is cyberloafing, which is reported to cause labor loss at the workplace and undesired consequences in learning settings. While research on the effects of inappropriate use of social media and mobile devices is ever-evolving, with a plethora of studies published every year, the need for more studies on the correlations of negative consequences related to the misuse of smartphones is still warranted. To this end, the present research attempted to identify undergraduate students' levels of smartphone addiction, life satisfaction, hopelessness, cyberloafing, and academic achievement. The study further aimed to scrutinize the correlations between these variables with structural equation modeling. The sample of this casual-correlational study consists of 261 students receiving education at a state university in the southeastern part of Turkey. The results of the study suggest that higher cyberloafing leads to higher hopelessness but not to lower life satisfaction, and higher hopelessness leads to lower life satisfaction. While higher smartphone addiction leads to lower achievement and higher cyberloafing, it does not lead to higher hopelessness and lower life satisfaction. The findings of the study provide insights into understanding the behavioral impacts of smartphone addiction.

Uso y manejo de desinfectantes por odontólogos de San Luis Potosí, México durante la pandemia Covid-19

Introduction: Chlorine, ethyl alcohol, and quaternary ammonium are disinfectants with antiviral activity against SARS-Cov2. However, there are no previous reports of their use and handling for cleaning and disinfection in dental offices. Objetive: To determine the use and management of disinfectants in critical and non-critical areas used by dentists in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: A validated cross-sectional survey was applied online to 100 dentists in San Luis Potosí between February and June 2021. Participants were informed about the handling of personal data according to the standard DOF regulations (DOF 07-05-2010). Results: A total of 100 dentists were included in the study, 63% female and 37% male, with a mean age of 26 years. The most widely used disinfectants during the pandemic in critical areas were Lysol® and 0.1% sodium hypochlorite in non-critical areas. Eighty-five percent of dentists know the adverse effects of inappropriate use of disinfectants, 72% did not have any sign or symptom associated with the use of disinfectants. The most used protection barrier was gloves (97%). Sixty-seven per cent of dentists disposed of disinfectant waste down the drain. Conclusion: Sodium hypochlorite and quaternary ammonium compounds and/or ethanol are used to clean non-critical and critical areas in dental offices. However, appropriate measures for their management are not adopted. It is necessary to implement educational strategies to improve the use and management of disinfectants in dental practice.

Vitamin D toxicity – causes, symptoms and diagnosis

Abstract: &#x0D; Introduction and purpose: This review aims to analyze causes, symptoms and diagnosis of overdosing vitamin D resulting in vitamin D toxicity (VDT). &#x0D; Material and method: This paper was based on medical articles collected in Pubmed from 2008 to 2021 year. The research has been done by looking through keywords such as “vitamin D” “toxicity”. &#x0D; Results: The review of studies showed that manifestation of VDT is mainly associated with hypercalcemia and its course can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening, including death. We also draw attention to inappropriate use and widespread of vitamin D products. &#x0D; Conclusion: There is a high demand for medical health workers to advise patients on possible effects of inappropriate use of vitamin D products and its toxicity. Medical practitioners should be attentive to quickly identify VDT.

Inappropriate use of antibiotics exacerbates inflammation through OMV-induced pyroptosis in MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

The inappropriate use of antibiotics is a severe public health problem worldwide, contributing to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. To explore the possible impacts of the inappropriate use of antibiotics on the immune system, we use Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) infection as an example and show that imipenem increases the mortality of mice infected by MDR K.pneumoniae. Further studies demonstrate that imipenem enhances the secretion of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) with significantly elevated presentation of GroEL, which promotes the phagocytosis of OMVs by macrophages that depends on the interaction between GroEL and its receptor, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1). OMVs cause the pyroptosis of macrophages and the release of proinflammatory cytokines, which contribute to exacerbated inflammatory responses. We propose that the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the cases of infection by MDR bacteria such as K.pneumoniae might cause damaging inflammatory responses, which underlines the pernicious effects of inappropriate use of antibiotics.

Dupilumab Injection in the Management of Steroid-Induced Rosacea: A New Case Report

Background: Topical corticosteroids (TCS) are used frequently for various inflammatory skin conditions. The prolonged daily and inappropriate use of TCS may cause adverse effects such as erythema, atrophy, and telangiectasia. Steroid rosacea or addiction is a distinct adverse effect of inappropriate use of TCS. It occurs most commonly in adult women applying mid- or high-potency TCS to the face. Dupilumab is an interleukin 4 (IL-4) receptor α-antagonist approved for treatment Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis in childhoods and adults. The role of dupilumab injection in steroid-induced rosacea management is rarely discussed. Aim: To document a new case presentation of atopic dermatitis on high potency topical facial steroid addiction for a duration of 4 years in a young female patient who was successful treated with dupilumab injection and withdrawal therapy. Case Report: A 32-year-old female patient with a history of atopic dermatitis presented with a history of worsening pruritic facial rashes for a one-month duration and on high potency TCS (Clobetasol Propionate ointment 0.05%) since 4 years ago with multiple treatments failure of steroidal withdrawal treated successfully in combination with dupilumab injection. Conclusion: Dupilumab injection considers effective and inducing rapid resolution of signs and symptoms of steroid-induced rosacea in patients with a history of atopic dermatitis in combination with withdrawal therapy without a rebound effect.

Efek Penggunaan Produk Perawatan Gigi Dan Mulut Yang Dijual Bebas (Otc) Pada Mukosa Oral

Over-the-Counter (OTC) drug is a drug which is sold freely in the market and can be purchased without a prescription. Special markings on the packaging and etiquette of OTC drug is a green circle with a black edge. Over-TheCounter (OTC) Dental Care Products are dental care products sold directly to consumer without a prescription from the dentist. Nowadays, there has been a significant increase in the number of OTC products in the market for oral health such as mouth washes, breath fresheners, tooth whitening, tooth paste, denture cleaners etc. To find out the effect of inappropriate use of OTC dental care products on the oral mucosa. Many OTC dental products are freely sold, make easier for people to obtain the desired products without visiting the dentist. Besides those advantage, they may also cause undesirable effects due to the inappropriate use and indications which could actually risk the oral health of patients. Side effects that may occur in the oral cavity including altered taste, tooth staining, burning sensation, gingival irritation, desquamation, erosion, numbness and dryness of the oral mucosa. Discontinuing the use of these products usually will recover the oral mucosa conditions. The inappropriate use and indications of OTC dental care products could cause unwanted side effects.

OP-619 - The Effect of Inappropriate Use of Acetylsalicylic Acid to Non-Fatal Bleeding

Objective: Acetylsalicylic acid has benefical and hazardous effect. It is not clear that inappropriate usage of acetylsalicylic acid in primary prevention has increased risk of bleeding events. This study aims to assess non-fatal major and minor bleeding event in patients with inappropriate, appropriate primary and secondary prevention group.

The effect of inappropriate use of acetylsalicylic acid on non-fatal bleeding

The effect of inappropriate use of acetylsalicylic acid on non-fatal bleeding

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Healthcare Professionals towards Antimicrobial Stewardship and Their Predictors in Fitche Hospital

Background: The recognized effects of inappropriate use of antibiotics are multiple: rapid emergence of resistance, selection pressure on resistant microorganisms, adverse reactions, and treatment failures. An effective approach to improving antimicrobial use in hospitals is an organized antimicrobial management program known as Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS). It is used by healthcare institutions to reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use, improve patient outcomes and reduce adverse consequences of antimicrobial use. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare professionals towards antimicrobial stewardship and their predictors in Fitche hospital. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was designed based on an endorsed anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Stratified random sampling with proportional allocation was applied for sampling. The inclusion criteria for this study are all healthcare professionals who are willing to participate in the study excluding laboratory technicians and radiologists. Data was collected from April 20 to May 24, 2016, compiled, analyzed (using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression) and presented using frequency table, figures and charts. Results: There were a total of 107 participants. 64.5% of the respondents were males. More than half of participant had good knowledge (68.2%), 16% had positive attitude towards antimicrobial stewardship and 78% of Health Care Professionals had good practices related to antimicrobial stewardship. Age (p=0.354 SD=0.4), profession (p=0.52) and years of experience (p=0.125) are not significant predictors of health care professionals knowledge, attitude and practices towards Antimicrobial Stewardship. Conclusion and recommendation: Despite the fact that the practice of Antimicrobial Stewardship is not implemented and well developed in most of hospitals and healthcare facilities, the level of Knowledge Attitude Practice towards the Antimicrobial Stewardship was good. However, surprisingly, in spite of the casual knowledge and selfreported practices of our study participant’s, attitude with regards to antibiotic use were found to be unsatisfactory.

Anterior interosseous nerve palsy following the use of elbow crutches

Context:Lesions of the anterior interosseous nerve are rare and comprise less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Traumatic causes include blunt trauma, forearm fractures, penetrating injury and local pressure from a plaster cast, but has never before been described in association with crutch use. This is the first reported case of the use of elbow crutches causing symptomatic anterior interosseous nerve compression.Case Report:This case describes a 30-year-old male who developed an inability to pinch with his left hand following the use of elbow crutches for a foot injury. On examination he was unable to flex the interphalangeal joint of his left thumb. A diagnosis of anterior interosseous palsy was made and the patient was treated conservatively and crutch use was ceased. At six weeks follow-up the patient made a complete recovery with full function of his left hand.Conclusion:This report highlights the importance of adequate education in the safe use of elbow crutches for all patients. The side effects of inappropriate use should be carefully examined for during follow-up care.