Effect Of Immersion Depth Research Articles

Research on Cutting Edge form Factor of Milling Tool after Drag Finishing Preparation Based on Discrete Element Method

Cutting edge preparation is a precision machining process that improves the surface quality of cutting tools through the relative movement of abrasives and the tool. Research on removing materials in drag finishing can be greatly beneficial to tool manufacturing. This paper proposes the hypothesis that both abrasive wear and erosion wear act on the surface of milling tools and discusses the material removal models for abrasive wear and erosion wear. The influence of immersion depth, abrasive velocity, abrasive radius, and abrasive density on the material removal rate in two material removal forms is compared and validated by discrete element simulations. The results show that immersion depth has a greater impact on abrasive wear, while abrasive properties have a greater impact on erosion wear. The correlation between simulation results and theoretical models demonstrates the sensitivity of the two forms of wear on this surface to parameter change differences. Dragging finishing was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the simulation, and the effects of immersion depth, dragging velocity, and abrasive properties on the edge radius and form factor (K value) were studied.

Effect of immersion depth on the coupled dynamics of a tunnel-rigs system in irregular waves

An experimental investigation on the coupled dynamics of an offshore tunnel-rig system from the element launching to its near-seabed immersion in irregular waves is conducted, where the motions of tunnel/rigs and the tensile forces of the suspension lines are evaluated in a synchronous manner for a wide range of irregular waves. The effect of immersion depth on the coupled dynamics of the tunnel-rigs system, especially the relationship between the relative motion and suspension line tensions are experimentally examined. The system coupling mechanism is further addressed using the modal analysis and response spectra analysis. The results show that the natural frequencies of the coupled system are primarily affected by the varying immersion depth. The increasing immersion depth leads to a larger in-phase roll period of the system and a greater roll resonance amplitude. For a given immersion depth, a strong dependence of the suspension line tensions upon the relative motions is established.

Simulation and investigations on the vibro-acoustic behavior of cylindrical shells in ice-covered water

Vibro-acoustic responses of cylindrical shells immersed in ice-covered water are typical acoustic-structure coupling problems. The dynamic model of the immersed cylindrical shell was established by Finite Element Method (FEM) to obtain the vibration response. The elastic constitutive material was adopted to simulate the ice model. The acoustic model of cylindrical shells was constructed by Boundary Element Method (BEM) to gain the underwater acoustic radiation. A series of boundary conditions were defined to tackle dynamic accurate contact interactions of the cylindrical shell, fluid field and ice model. Comparative analysis with the vibro-acoustic results of numerical model was proceeded to show the practicality and effectiveness of the numerical method. Both models of fully immersed and partially immersed cylindrical shells were calculated to analyze the vibration and underwater acoustic radiation. The effect of immersion depth, ice thickness, temperature and brine volume on vibro-acoustic responses of the immersed cylindrical shells were also discussed. It provides a way to evaluate the vibro-acoustic performance of underwater vehicles in polar ice area.

Effects of immersion depth on super-resolution properties of index-different microsphere-assisted nanoimaging

In related applications of microsphere-assisted super-resolution imaging in biomedical visualization and microfluidic detection, liquids are widely used as background media. For the first time, we quantitatively demonstrate that the maximum irradiances, focal lengths, and waists of photonic nanojets (PNJs) will logically vary with different immersion depths (IMDs). The experimental observations also numerically illustrate the trends of the lateral magnification and field of view (FOV) with the gradual evaporation of ethyl alcohol. This work can provide exact quantitative information for the proper selection of microspheres and IMD for the high-quality discernment of nanostructures.

Effects of Immersion Depth on Flow Turbulence of Liquid Steel in a Slab Mold Using a Nozzle with Upward Angle Rectangular Ports

techniques including tracer injection, particle image velocimetry and ultrasound velocimetry. Fluid dynamics near the ports indicate that the discharging jet is subdivided into upper and lower jets when the SEN is at its deep position (185 mm) forming a double roll flow (DRF). At the shallow position (115 mm) the tendency to form two jets decrease with a general trend to form a single jet and a single roll flow (SRF) pattern. These flows are attributed to the difference of the hydrostatic pressures between both submergences. Both, the upper flow in the DRF and the upper flow in the SRF induce free shear flows near the free bath surface that give origin to vortexes and unstable meniscus dynamics. Therefore, nozzle ports with upward angles create small pressure gradients which, in spite of their small magnitudes, have profound effects on fluid flow patterns of the fluid in the whole working mold volume. The results indicate that this nozzle works with less turbulence in the shallow position.

Effect of electrode immersion depth on flows in a slag cleaning furnace

A three-dimensional mathematical model is developed to simulate flow and transfer in an industrial-scale slag cleaning furnace. Focus is put on the effect of the electrode immersion depth on flow and heat transfer in the slag. Detailed results show that the electrode immersion depth has a significant effect on slag flow and heat transfer. Complex three-dimensional flow patterns appear in the furnace. At deeper electrode immersion, the slag flow becomes stronger, the heat generation is larger, and the slag temperature is higher. A reasonable immersion depth of electrodes is found to be about half way of the slag height for the conditions considered. The effect of the immersion depth on the distribution of the electric potential is quite small except for the region beneath the electrode. The predicted slag temperature is validated against the experimental data measured in an industrial furnace.