Effect Of Horizontal Loads Research Articles

Effect of Dynamic Biaxial Loading of Car Seats

The aim of this article is to determine the effect of the biaxial loading of a car seat, in vertical and horizontal directions, on seating comfort. We measured the transfer characteristic in the vertical direction with a free load. The method of laboratory testing of the car seat was chosen due to the simple repetition of the tests, ensuring the same test conditions, with high accuracy of their reproduction. To determine the effect, tests with uniaxial loading were compared with tests with biaxial loading. The resulting characteristic was the transfer characteristic in the vertical direction. The effect of horizontal loading on the transfer characteristic of a car seat was determined.

Numerical Simulation of Combined Pile Raft Foundation under Horizontal Loading

Raft foundations generally have the ability to reduce differential settlement, contrarily causing excessive settlement. In order to overcome this, piles are used along with the raft termed as combined pile-raft foundation system. Due to the lack of availability of simplified tools and intricacy of work, the combined pile raft foundation remains as an untouched area in research. This paper explores the performance of 2x2 numerically simulated combined pile-raft foundation embedded in sand exposed to pure horizontal load using ABAQUS 3D. The effect of horizontal loading in terms of displacement is studied by varying the raft thickness, length and spacing to diameter ratios respectively for the combined pile-raft foundation having a pile diameter of 500mm. The model is validated using the existing findings. Based on this study, it is inferred that the raft thickness effect remains inconsequential whereas the length to diameter ratio and spacing to diameter ratio has an impact on the static response of the combined pile-raft foundation system.

Effect of horizontal loading on RCC-base composite pavement performance at heavy duty area

RCC-base composite pavement is reported as an economical and strong structural alternative to carry heavy traffic in heavy duty area such as port or container terminal. This pavement system has ability to eliminate the critical tensile strain that induces the bottom-up fatigue cracking of asphalt surface course. Other issues such as top-down cracking in asphalt surface and interfacial bonding failure may also influence and reduce the life and functionality of the pavement. In multi-layer pavement system, horizontal loading created by tire-pavement friction during brake or acceleration of vehicle is found to be an essential effect that induces top-down cracking in asphalt surface and interlayer debonding. In heavy duty area, handling vehicles frequently stop or accelerate on pavement, thus effect of horizontal loading on top-down cracking and AC/RCC interfacial bonding behavior in RCC-base composite pavement system should be numerically investigated. In this study, horizontal strain on the top of asphalt surface and AC/RCC interfacial shear stress are computed in FEM to evaluate top-down cracking and bonding behavior, respectively. This study shows that top-down cracking and bonding failure in composite pavement system may occur since horizontal loading is applied. Also, temperature may have a significant effect on top-down cracking of asphalt surface.

수평방향 하중이 트랙롤러의 특성에 미치는 영향

수평방향 하중이 트랙롤러의 특성에 미치는 영향

Model Test Study on the Effect of Horizontal Load on the Vertical Bearing Capacity of Disk Pile

A group of model tests were designed to study the effect of horizontal load on the vertical bearing capacity of disk pile. Three double-disk piles were used in the test, and the distance of the two disks is 5 times as the disk diameter. Drew a horizontal load H=100N/200N/300N on the top of pile1/2/3 respectively, and put on the vertical load stage by stage, then studied the differences of three piles’ bearing properties such as changes of the pile bending moment, the horizontal and vertical deformation on the top, and soil pressure around the pile. Experiment showed that when the horizontal load is quite small, the existence of horizontal load has little to do with vertical bearing capacity. When the load reached a certain level, the p-∆ effect under the vertical load will significantly affect the vertical bearing capacity of the pile. Especially during the initial time while there is a large horizontal displacement or rotation generated by the horizontal load, the pile’s bearing capacity is controlled by the horizontal displacement.

Horizontal bridge-soil interaction assessment by dynamic testing

This paper presents a methodology to assess the real longitudinal stiffness of a bridge including the foundation-soil interaction. The method is based on a dynamic test of the bridge complemented by structural identification. The experimentally obtained natural frequencies of the bridge in the horizontal and vertical planes are used to derive, via a parameter identification procedure and a dynamic model of the bridge, the most approximate values of the Winkler coefficients simulating the interaction of foundation with ground. The theoretical background of the procedure is first presented and then demonstrated on a prestressed concrete highway bridge with a total length of 2040 m (normal span length of 40 m). The bridge is located near the sea coast, and large variations in the soil properties were observed between the piers. As a consequence, it was not possible to assess in a reliable way the actual global stiffness of this bridge (due to the interaction of deck, piers, abutments and foundations) in front of horizontal forces (vehicle braking, earthquake, wind and so on) based on the results of the geotechnical survey. The dynamic excitation in the longitudinal direction was easily achieved by means of controlled vehicle braking at different points on the bridge. The results show the feasibility of using dynamic testing with vehicle braking as excitation to deduce the correct behavior of the bridge under the effect of horizontal loads.

Tests of driven piles in slump-prone soils under the effect of horizontal and elastic loads

1. Flooding of a soil base leads to a substantial increase in deflection of piles under the effect of horizontal loads.

Effect of horizontal loads on piles, due to surcharge of seismic effects. Proceedings of the specialty session no 10, 14 July 1977, 9th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Tokyo, 1977 : Tokyo: Japanese Assoc for Steel Pipe Piles, 1977, 200P

Effect of horizontal loads on piles, due to surcharge of seismic effects. Proceedings of the specialty session no 10, 14 July 1977, 9th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Tokyo, 1977 : Tokyo: Japanese Assoc for Steel Pipe Piles, 1977, 200P