Effects Of HCN Research Articles

Participation of GA3, ethylene, NO and HCN in germination of Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds with various dormancy levels

Amaranthus retroflexus seeds were dormant at 25 °C in the darkness and in the light, and also at 35 °C in the darkness. GA3 and ethylene partially removed dormancy at 35 °C in the darkness and at 25 °C in the light. Dormancy was removed by 1–5 days of treatment with nitric oxide or cyanide. The effect of NO and HCN was inhibited by cPTIO, thus the effect of HCN was NO dependent. Dry storage for 16 weeks could partially release dormancy only at 35 °C, but not at 25 °C. Dry storage increased the response to light, GA3 and ethylene. The response to GA3 and ethylene at 25 °C was enhanced with increasing storage temperature. GA3, ethylene and nitric oxide could substitute dry storage and stratification in partially dormant seeds.

Upsurge in Respiration and Peroxide Formation in Potato Tubers as Influenced by Ethylene, Propylene, and Cyanide

A continuous application of ethylene (10 mul/l) and propylene (500 mul/l) to potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) resulted in an upsurge of respiration and a concomitant rise in peroxides. When applied in 100% O(2), the effect of ethylene and propylene on respiration and peroxide formation was augmented. Hydrogen cyanide (500 mul/l) mimicked the action of ethylene and propylene inducing a respiratory rise and a corresponding increase in peroxides. As with ethylene, the effect of HCN was augmented in high O(2) tensions. The results support the suggestion that ethylene activates the cyanide-insensitive respiratory pathway.

Acute combined effects of HCN and CO, with the use of combustion products from PAN (polyacrylonitrile)--gauze mistures.

The combustion product from gauze-PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) micture was used as a material for the evaluation of the combined effects of CO and HCN. Rats and mice were exposed for 30 min. to the combustion products. In mice experiments, the time at which animals turned laterally and were killed, was measured. In experiments with rats, blood COHb and cyanide determinations were made, in addition to the observation of the behavior. Exposure room gas concentrations (O2, CO2, CO, HCN) were determined and temperature in the combustion room was measured during heating. Preliminary experiments with PAN, ranging from 2g to 10g, on mice showed that HCN is responsible for the toxicity of the combustion products from this fiber. In mixture experiments all animals died during exposure. In experiments with mice (8g of total weight of mixed sample), animals in groups with larger proportion of PAN turned over and died earlier and this was explained by higher HCN concentration. In rats experiments (10g), this held true for severe impairment, however, as to the death time, this was not the case. There was a long interval between severe impairment and death in groups with larger proportion of PAN. The larger amount of HCN was produced as temperature rises. A linear relation between COHb concentration and CT (concentration-time) product was shown. There was not a linear relation between blood COHb and cyanide levels. Judging from the blood analyses data, it seemed probable that there is neither an additive nor a synergistic action between CO and HCN with respect to lethal effects.

Effect of Methylene Blue on CN and CO Poisoning.

According to Warburg,1, 2, 3, both KCN and CO inhibit aerobic respiration but not glycolysis. When aerobic respiration is inhibited, it becomes possible to show that certain redox indicators, such as methylene blue, accelerate aerobic glycolysis as indicated by increased oxygen consumption4, 5.It was thought that increase in oxygen consumption thus produced by redox indicators might be used to combat the effects of HCN or CO on mammals. Previous workers have confined their attention to the effects of methylene blue used in conjunction with cyanide. Among other things it was found empirically that methylene blue favored the recovery of animals poisoned by cyanide6, 7. Since CO has long been known to resemble CN in its effects on respiration it was thought of interest to see whether methylene blue also favored recovery in animals subjected to CO.Experiments were carried out using rats which were placed one at a time in a chamber containing HCN gas or CO (about 1%). The time to unconsciousness was noted. As ...

THE EFFECT OF CYANIDES ON THE SWELLING OF PROTOPLASM

Next article No AccessJournal ArticlesTHE EFFECT OF CYANIDES ON THE SWELLING OF PROTOPLASMREUBEN BLUMENTHALREUBEN BLUMENTHAL Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Biological Bulletin Volume 52, Number 5May 1927 Published in association with the Marine Biological Laboratory Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/1537083 Citations: 3Citations are reported from Crossref © 1927 Marine Biological LaboratoryPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:E. NEWTON HARVEY PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONSTANTS OF THE EGG OF THE SEA URCHIN, ARBACIA PUNCTULATA, The Biological Bulletin 62, no.22 (Sep 2016): 141–154.https://doi.org/10.2307/1537546 Reuben Blumenthal Mitotic Development of Arbacia Eggs in Cyanides, Physiological Zoology 3, no.44 (Sep 2015): 539–563.https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.3.4.30151122 Floyd J. Brinley The Effect of Intracellular Cyanide on Cleavage of Arbacia Eggs, Physiological Zoology 3, no.33 (Sep 2015): 366–372.https://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.3.3.30151106