Effect Of Harvest Period Research Articles

Mechanism of folium polygoni cuspidati in liver-yang-hyperactivity hypertension based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental pharmacological validation

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAt present,the global form of hypertension is severe,and liver-yang-hyperactivity hypertension（GYSK hypertension）is the most common type of hypertension.Folium Polygoni Cuspidati（HZY）are mainly used in Yunnan, China,to treat dizziness, headache,and hypertension caused by GYSK,and the content of the active ingredients of HZY and its efficacy varies in different periods.However,the mechanism of action and the effect of harvesting period are not clear. Aim of the studyThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of HZY in April and September on GYSK hypertension. Materials and methodsThe model of GYSK hypertension was established with aconite decoction and L-NAME,and the blood pressure,the symptoms of GYSK,the cardiac index and the pathological changes of aorta were observed,to study the effect of HZY in April and September on GYSK hypertension.The chemical composition of HZY was analysed by UPLC-QTOF-MS and its mechanism for the treatment of GYSK hypertension was predicted by network pharmacological studies and experimentally validated using serum metabolomics and Western blot techniques. ResultsApril HZY and September HZY can significantly improve the GYSK symptoms of rats, inhibit the RAAS system, improve oxidative stress and regulate blood lipids so as to play a blood pressure lowering efficacy and have a protective effect on the vascular endothelial cells.UPLC-QTOF-MS yielded 29 components of HZY,and network pharmacology predicted that its mechanism may be related to Lipid and atherosclerosis,PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway,etc.Western Blot validation showed that HZY activated PI3K,p-Akt protein expression and inhibited p-erk,p-p38 and TNF-α protein expression.Serum metabolomics suggested that April HZY exerts its efficacy mainly by regulating amino acid metabolism and September HZY mainly by regulating lipid metabolism. ConclusionsIn GYSK hypertensive rats treated for three weeks, both April HZY and September HZY could have antihypertensive effects,but the mechanisms of action were different and similar, both could regulate metabolite disorders of sugars, lipids,amino acids and peptides,and regulate blood pressure through the PI3K/Akt-eNOS and MAPK signalling pathways, with the difference that April HZY had stronger regulatory effects on the metabolism of amino acids.metabolism.

Antioxidant quantification in different portions obtained during olive oil extraction process in an olive oil press mill.

Different antioxidant compounds are generally transferred from olives to olive oil during the production process. This work characterized the principal total bioactive compounds (tocopherols and phenols) in olives, olive oil and by-products of four cultivars grown in Calabrian areas (southern Italy), considering the effect of harvesting period. Antioxidant capacity, total and individual phenolic compounds were also analysed. Drupes, olive paste, pomace and olive wastewater showed similar phenolic compounds, while olive oil possessed a different composition, suggesting that phenols are not only transferred from drupe to oil, but also they change during oil production. Tocopherols varied among cultivars and harvesting period: generally, they were more abundant in samples produced in the first harvesting period. Qualitative and quantitative differences in phenolic composition and antioxidant activity were significantly found among cultivars in all the matrices. The highest amount of total phenolic antioxidants ended up in olive wastewater with variability due to the olive cultivar, while only a small part of them finished in the oil. This work shows evidence that the availability of bioactive compounds in different portions from the olive oil extraction belong to different varietal origins. In particular, new information was acquired on Ottobratica Calipa, a new olive clone, that produced an olive oil with an interesting antioxidant amount. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effect of Harvest Period on the Proximate Composition and Functional and Sensory Properties of Gari Produced from Local and Improved Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Varieties.

This study is aimed at evaluating the proximate composition and functional and sensory characteristics of gari obtained from five cassava varieties (EN, AD, TMS92/0326, TMS96/1414, and IRAD4115). These cassavas were harvested during the dry season 12 months after planting (12MAP) and in the rainy season (15MAP). Results showed that the characteristics of gari varied significantly (p < 0.05) with the variety and the harvest period. Gari from EN cassava harvested at 12MAP had the highest total carbohydrates (78.07% dry weight), starch (61%), and proteins content, while gari from TMS 96/1414 variety (12MAP) had high amino acids (10.25 mg/g) and phenolic compounds (9.31 mg/g) content. The gari from IRAD4115 had the highest value of ash content (20.62 mg/g) at 12MAP. The soluble sugar content was high in the gari from cassava harvested at 12MAP while free cyanide reduced significantly in gari from cassava harvested at 12MAP. The water absorption capacity, swelling power, and bulk density were significantly (p < 0.05) high in the gari from EN cassava variety at 12MAP. Compared to commercial gari (3.30), gari from EN local cassava had the best overall acceptability (4.35) followed by those obtained from TMS92/0326 and TMS92/1414 varieties, respectively.

Effect of Harvest Period on Yield, Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oils of Thymus Satureioides

This study was performed to examine the yield, the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of essential oils of thymus satureioides, grown in two different periods (flowering and after flowering) in the south of Morocco. These two essential oils are obtained by hydrodistillation along with using Clevenger and then they are tested on pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Bacillus subtilis, responsible of food borne disease in the region of Fez. The extraction of the essential oil of Thymus satuerioides in the Laboratory of National Institute of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (NIAMP), Taounate, Morocco for extraction has provided a yield important enough to 0.75 % in Period of flowering compared to gasoline extract of the aerial part after flowering season which is 0.62 %. The chromatographic analyzes and spectrometric have helped to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of approximately 23 constituents of these plants that are different by the harvest period for each one.

Effect of Harvest Period on Starch Yield and Dry Matter Content from the Tuberous Roots of Improved Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Varieties

The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of starch yields and dry contents from the tuberous roots of five improved cassava varieties (Bonoua2, Ay15, 971A, I88/00158 and 90/00039) at different harvest periods (11, 13, 15 and 17 months after planting). Indeed, the harvest period had significant effect at 0.05 level on dry matter contents and starch yields. All improved cassava varieties had their peak of dry matter contents (40.57%±2.41) and starch yields (20.17%±2.82%) at 13 months after planting. The tuberous roots of Bonoua2 improved cassava variety had the highest starch yields at 11, 13 and 15 months after planting, with the respective values of 18.26%±1.52%, 20.78%±2.57% and 18.08%±3.18% respectively. Concerning the highest starch yield at 17 months after planting, it was obtained with 971A improved cassava variety (19.38%±2.55%). The tuberous roots of Bonoua2 improved cassava variety detained also the highest dry matter contents at 11 and 15 months after planting. The values were of 39.83%±1.19% and 38.70±2.61% respectively. As for the highest dry contents at 13 and 17 month after planting, they were given by the tuberous roots of 971A improved cassava variety, with the respective values of 42.99%±1.48% and 39.04%±2.57%.

Effect of harvesting period on the nutritive value of rice grass ( Echinochloa sp.) hay given as sole diet to lambs

Data regarding the influence of maturity within the vegetative stage of tropical grasses on forage quality are limited and conflicting. The change in chemical composition of rice grass ( Echinochloa sp.) hay harvested at 32, 46, 72 and 90 days of regrowth, and its effect on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial protein synthesis (Experiment 1) and splanchnic oxygen uptake (Experiment 2) by lambs was evaluated. Except intake of indigestible neutral detergent fibre (NDF) which was similar for all treatments, intake of all hay components and the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter (OM), NDF, N, as well as OM and N true digestibility, N retention and rumen microbial protein synthesis decreased linearly ( P < 0.05) with increased regrowth age. Rumen fluid pH, ammonia N and peptide concentrations were similar for all treatments while sugars and amino acid concentrations decreased linearly with increased regrowth age of rice grass ( P < 0.05). Passage rate of particles through reticulum-rumen (PRrr) was quadratically related ( P < 0.05) to regrowth age. The highest PRrr and, consequently, the lowest retention time in the reticulum-rumen were obtained at 72 days of regrowth. There was a quadratic effect ( P < 0.05) on net portal-drained viscera (PDV) flux of oxygen and heat production, while OM intake, portal blood flow and heat production as proportion of digestible energy (DE) intake were not affected by the increased regrowth age of rice grass. The highest means of oxygen uptake and heat production by PDV tissues were in 72 days treatment. In the whole splanchnic metabolism assay neither hay intake nor blood flow, oxygen uptake or heat production were affected by forage regrowth age. In conclusion, the nutritive value of rice grass hay decreased as regrowth age increased from 32 to 90 days due to decrease both OM intake and digestibility.

Essential oil composition of Heterothalamus alienus (Spreng.) Kuntze (Romerillo) from Argentina. Effect of harvesting period on the essential oil composition

AbstractThe chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the leaves stage (S1) and leaves and flowers (S2) in the flowering stage of Heterothalamus alienus (Spreng.) Kuntze from Argentina were examined by combined GC and GC–MS analysis. The oil obtained from H. alienus was characterized by the presence of β‐pinene (S1, 35.5%; S2, 65.0%), spathulenol (S1, 10.7%; S2, 3.2%) and germacrene D (S1, 6.8%; S2, 2.4%) as the major constituents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Effect of harvest period on foliage production and dry matter distribution in five cassava cultivars during the second plant cycle

The objective of this work was to study the leaf production pattern and dry matter distribution in cassava during the second plant cycle. The completely randomized experimental design with four replications was used, with five cultivars in the main plots and ten harvest times in the sub-plots. Foliage production was affected by plant age, being higher in hot periods. Leaf blades and petioles dry matter content presented a linear increase due to a progressive decrease in the amount of young leaves and ontogenetic factors. The stems provided, temporarily, carbohydrates to the plant re-growth, delaying the availability and use of storage roots dry matter. The dry matter content in the storage roots was lower during the vegetative and higher during rest period. The storage roots diameter increased considerably when the amount of leaves was higher, indicating the importance of leaf area in the cassava plant production.

Effect of harvest period on the quality of storage roots and protein content of the leaves in five cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta, Crantz)

The effect of harvest period on the quality of storage roots and leaves of cassava cultivars was determined in an experiment carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a split plot scheme, with five cultivars in the plots and ten harvest times in the subplots. The IAC 13 cultivar had the highest rate of dry matter accumulation in the storage roots and the Mico cultivar the lowest. The period of least dry matter content in the storage roots occurred later for the Fécula Branca, Mico and IAC 14 cultivars, and the minimum starch content in the storage roots occurred later for the Fécula Branca and Mico cultivars. In general, the IAC 13, IAC 14 and Fécula Branca cultivars had higher dry matter content in the storage roots, while higher starch content in the dry and fresh matter were obtained in the Fécula Branca cultivar. The crude protein content in the leaves decreased as the plant aged.

Effect of Holding Condition before Freezing on Quality in Immature Black Soybeans 'Tanbaguro' Served as a Vegetable

Effect of holding condition before freezing after harvest on quality in immature black soybeans (Glycine max L. cv. Tanbaguro) was examined to elucidate a suitable holding condition after harvest before freezing processing. Effect of harvest period on quality of immature black soybeans during holding period was also examined. Sucrose content of immature black soybeans held at room temperature decreased during holding period. The sucrose level decreased from 100% (immediately after harvest) to 87, 55 and 31% during the holding for 8, 24 and 48 hours, respectively. It was almost the same with change in free amino acid content as with change in sucrose content under several holding conditions. The immature black soybeans quality, which was evaluated by the green color of pods and the components for taste, was maintained well for 24 hours with cold storage (5°C) or storage with ice. The quality of immature black soybeans held at room temperature was maintained with soaking in water or packaging in a polyethylene bag. The green color of pods at the first half of harvest period was bright, and the color was maintained during the holding for 72 hours. The green color of pods at the latter half was slightly yellowish, and the color faded during the holding at room temperature for 72 hours. Sucrose content in all of the holding conditions was higher at the latter half than at the first half. The immature black soybeans at the first half of harvest period was suited for the material attached importance to the green color of pods, whereas those at the latter half was suited for the material attached importance to the taste.

Seasonal Fluctuations of Leaf and Root Weight and Ginsenoside Contents of 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old American Ginseng Plants

The effect of harvest period on fresh and dry leaf and root weights and ginsenoside contents of 2-, 3-, and 4-year-old american ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) plants was investigated. Ginseng plants harvested once every 4 weeks from the end of June through September had the highest and lowest fresh and dry leaf weights in June and September, respectively. The trend was reversed in roots, except for 3-year-old roots that exhibited maximum weight at the end of August. Total ginsenoside contents in leaves of 3- and 4-year-old plants increased with the growing season until the end of August, but in 2-year-old plants it increased until the end of September. Total ginsenoside contents in roots peaked at the end of June for 3- and 4-year-old plants.

Essential Oil of Lippia aff. juneliana Grown in San Luis, Argentina. Effect of Harvesting Period on the Essential Oil Composition

As a part of our research on essential oil composition of plants from San Luis, Argentina, we have examined the effect of harvesting period on the essential oil composition. The period ranging from February (summer) to April (autumn), gave the best yield in autumn. The oil from Lippia aff. juneliana (Mold.) Tronc. produced in the autumn was found to contain higher amounts of oxygenated compounds than the oil produced in summer. The oils have piperitenone oxide (22.9% and 47.7%), limonene (26.8% and 19.9%) and trans-dihydrocarvone (0% and 16.0%) as major components, respectively.

Seasonal Changes in the Volatile Oil and Cineole Contents of FiveEucalyptusSpecies Growing in Morocco

ABSTRACT The effect of harvesting period on the oil production was examined on five Eucalyptus species (E. camaldulensis, E. globulus, E. globulus ssp. maidenii, E. melliodora and E. bosistoana) of Moroccan origin. For some species such as E. camaldulensis, E. globulus and E. globulus ssp. maidenii, the oil yield seemed to depend on the harvesting season. The period ranging from June to October gave the best yield with a maximum in June. The 1,8-cineole content of Eucalyptus oil may also vary during the year. This was observed in the case of E. globulus and E. melliodora, although the observed changes were rather random. The month for maximum 1,8-cineole content varied depending upon the species.

Effect of harvest date on the shelf life of asparagus

Abstract Commercial asparagus production occurs over an extended period in spring from carbohydrate reserves built up during the previous summer and stored in the roots. The effect of harvest duration on spear yield and quality, and on the depletion of storage root carbohydrates has been widely studied. However, little work has been reported on the effect of harvest period on the storage life and biochemistry of asparagus spears. Therefore, asparagus spears (Asparagus officinalis L. cv. Limbras 10) were harvested over the commercial harvesting season in 2 years and held at 20°C to assess shelf life and to monitor postharvest biochemistry. Shelf life declined almost linearly in both years from c. 6 days for early‐season spears to c. 3 days for late‐season spears. On the evidence of rates of protein and carbohydrate loss, and ammonia accumulation in the spear tips, the decline in shelf life was not associated with accelerated biochemical changes. Spear fresh weight at harvest (and therefore spear thickness)...