Effect Of ginsenoside-Rb2 Research Articles

Effects of ginsenoside Rb2 on osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells

Effects of ginsenoside Rb2 on osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells

The anti-metastatic effect of ginsenoside Rb2 in colorectal cancer in an EGFR/SOX2-dependent manner.

Ginsenoside Rb2, a saponin from Panax ginseng, has been shown to have many functions. However, the effect of ginsenoside Rb2 on the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. CRC cell lines HT29 and SW620 were used to determine the effects of ginsenoside Rb2 on the colony‐forming, migration, invasion, and wound‐healing abilities of CRC cells in vitro. Further, ginsenoside Rb2 was given intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg of mouse body weight to check its effect on the metastasis of CRC cells in vivo. Ginsenoside Rb2 decreased colony‐forming ability, migration, invasion, and wound healing of CRC cells in vitro, although it did not affect cell proliferation. As a possible mechanism, we found that ginsenoside Rb2 down‐regulated the expression of stemness and Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related genes via the EGFR/SOX2 signaling axis; these were partially rescued by either exogenous EGF treatment or ectopic expression of SOX2. More importantly, ginsenoside Rb2 significantly reduced the number of metastatic nodules in the livers, lungs, and kidneys in a mouse model of metastasis. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb2 could be used to treat the metastasis of CRC therapeutically or as a supplement.

고콜레스테롤 조건하에 배양된 HepG2에서의 ginsenoside-Rb2에 의한 LDL receptor 억제 완화 기전

The effect of ginsenoside-Rb2, one of a major pharmacological component of Panax ginseng c.A. Meyer. on low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression was investigated and compared with hypocholesterolemic dl1lg lovastatin. In HepG2 cell. exogenous cholesterol decreased LDL receptor mRNA expression, but ginsenoside-Rb2 recovered this reduction of LDL receptor mRNA up to normal expression level. Lovastatin also increased LDL receptor mRNA expression as similar as ginsenoside-Rb2 did. The reduction of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) transcription by exogenous cholesterol was also similarly recovered by ginsenoside-Rb2 and lovastatin addition. Compound K, a metabolite of ginsenoside-Rb2 and -Rb I by human intestinal bacteria also increased the SREBP mRNA expression in cholesterol-enriched condition. Ginsenoside-Rb2 seems to up-regulate LDL receptor mRNA expression through the induction of de 1101'0 SREBP transcription. Therefore. increased expression of SREBP mRNA by ginsenoside-Rb2 elevated the LDL receptor mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. and these inductions possibly drop the plasma cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemia patients. ill vivo, as likely in case of lovastatin.

Effects of ginsenoside-Rb2 on adenine nucleotide content of rat hepatic tissue

In comparison with non-diabetic rats, the tissue ATP content of diabetic rats is lower and the AMP content higher. However, daily intraperitoneal administration of ginsenoside-Rb2 for several days resulted in an increase of tissue ATP content and a decrease of AMP content, characterized by an increase in the adenine nucleotide content, as well as improvement of energy charge. Thus, ginsenoside-Rb2 administration caused a change in the pattern of metabolism, activating the ATP supply system.

Effect of ginsenoside-Rb2 on nitrogen compounds in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

The effects of ginsenoside-Rb2 on nitrogen compounds in streptozotocin-diabetic rats were investigated. A marked decrease in blood urea nitrogen level was observed in the ginsenoside-Rb2 administered group. Administration of ginsenoside-Rb2 induced increases of total protein and Lys, Gly, Glu, Arg, etc. in serum, while no significant change of serum albumin was observed. In the liver, the urea content was decreased with a concomitant increase of ribonucleic acid content. A quantitative study on the distribution of free and membrane-bound ribosomes indicated that the increase in ribosomes caused by the Administration of ginsenoside-Rb2 is mainly due to the increase in membrane-bound ribosomes. Ginsenoside-Rb2 exhibited a normalizing action on the hepatic concentrations of Glu, Thy, Phe, and Tyr. Furthermore, body weight significantly increased in diabetic rats receiving ginsenoside-Rb2, even though they took less food than the control group. Ginsenoside-Rb2 remarkably improved diabetic symptoms such as over-eating, polyuria, etc.