Effect Of Geographical Factors Research Articles

The Effect of Geographical Factors on the Foreign Policy of Qatar during 2014-2016

Objectives:Qatar is a small country that showed an important role in the local, regional, and international levels. Several geographical factors such as location, area, shape, and regional water have affected Qatar’s foreign affairs policy. Therefore, this study aims at illustrating the role of geographical factors in the country’s foreign affairs policy. What makes the study significant is that it is the first study which focuses on this topic in Qatar. Methods: The study has used to analysis the Foreign polices decisions two methods (i.e. Dwisha, 1977) (Dawisha) framework throughout the study. Results: The study revealed that some geographical factors had recently benefited Qatar during the forced siege by some GCC countries. Also, the political crises made Qatar depends mainly in its foreign affairs policy on the given energy resources alongside with a wide range of foreign relationships network with the effective countries in the international policy. This, enabled Qatar to overcome on the lack of space and population in order to enhance its economy to be out of the dominance of some GCC countries. Conclusions: Finally, the study approved that Qatar had inter-relation foreign network that positioned Qatar politically among countries, organizations, institutions comparing with large states. Keywords: Qatar’s geopolitics, Foreign policy, geographical factors, Qatar Siege, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).

The Effect of Geographical Factors on Agricultural Activities in Altınekin District

Agriculture is still the most populous sector among the areas of economic activity in the world. Nearly 60% of the world's population can maintain their lives thanks to the agricultural economy. Agriculture is the most closely associated and compatible sector with nature among manufacturing activities. Agriculture, the first of economic activity, can be shaped by geographical factors. Human environmental factors are highly effective on agricultural activities as well as natural environmental factors. This study reveals the natural and human environmental factors that influence agricultural activities in the Altınekin district and examines the relationship between agricultural production and the future of these factors. Much of the data obtained in this study is based on field observations. In light of field observations and agricultural statistics, the ArcGIS10 program produced maps of the work area. Altınekin district, which is unfavorable for climatic features and superficial water resources, is abundant in groundwater resources. With the rise of groundwater wells throughout the county, which have been dry agriculture in the past, there have been large increases in the cultivation and production of plants that require more water such as sugar beets, sunflowers, corn and carrots, and the agricultural structure of the region has completely changed. The lack of annual average rainfall and surface water resources in the county, the irrigation of much larger farmland by year, and the continued cultivation of excess water supply poses significant threats to the future of groundwater resources.

Effect of geographical factors on reference values of creatine kinase isoenzyme.

The aim of this study was to investigate the geographical spatial distribution of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) in order to provide a scientific basis for clinical examination. The reference values of CK-MB of 8697 healthy adults in 137 cities in China were collected by reading a large number of literates. Moran index was used to determine the spatial relationship, and 24 factors were selected, which belonged to terrain, climate, and soil indexes. Correlation analysis was conducted between CK-MB and geographical factors to determine significance, and 9 significance factors were extracted. Based on R language to evaluate the degree of multicollinearity of the model, CK-MB Ridge model, Lasso model, and PCA model were established, through calculating the relative error to choose the best model PCA, testing the normality of the predicted values, and choosing the disjunctive kriging interpolation to make the geographical distribution. The results show that CK-MB reference values of healthy adults were generally correlated with latitude, annual sunshine duration, annual mean relative humidity, annual precipitation amount, and annual range of air temperature and significantly correlated with annual mean air temperature, topsoil gravel content, topsoil cation exchange capacity in clay, and topsoil cation exchange capacity in silt. The geospatial distribution map shows that on the whole, it is higher in the north and lower in the south, and gradually increases from the southeast coastal area to the northwest inland area. If the geographical factors are obtained in a location, the CK-MB model can be used to predict the CK-MB of healthy adults in the region, which provides a reference for us to consider regional differences in clinical diagnosis.

The Influence of Geographical Factors on Polyploidy in Angiosperms with Cartographic Evidence from the Northwestern Himalayas: A Review

The review paper comprised the impact of geographical and environmental factors on polyploidy and vice versa. The review covers different effects of geographical factors, like spatial isolation, altitude, and local climate on polyploidy, and the behavior of polyploid(s) in abiotic factors, such as temperature and light with a few examples of northwest Himalayas. The paper concludes that polyploid plants behave differently in environmental conditions, as polyploids are more prominent in higher altitudes, colder environments, and nutrient-rich soil than diploid progenitors, but have a mixed distribution in different geographical conditions. Further, polyploidy is more common among perennials than annuals, while niche differentiation depends more on the local environment. The virtual case study results from North and North Western India have been shown with the help of ArcGIS online software. The scrutiny of spatial distribution on maps highlights the fact that polyploidy is still a complex research puzzle with interesting perspectives.

Examining the geographical aspects of political movements in Iran (With a look at the background of political uprisings)

The effect of geographical factors on human behavior has been noticed since long ago. Natural elements have always affected human behavior and actions. So that, different weather conditions and differences in the natural environment are effective in causing specific reactions in human behavior. Thinkers and scientists have long been paying attention to the issue of the relationship between the environment and humans. Thinkers, philosophers, politicians, soldiers, and social scientists, from Herodotus and Aristotle to Avicenna, Montesquieu, and Ibn Khaldun, have investigated the relationship between climate and human behavior. In the 5th century BC, the followers of the Hippocratic school proposed the influence of weather and geographical conditions on human habits, ethics, and physiology. In the study of the movements of Iranians, the impact of the climate on behavioral traits and the influence of favorable and motivating geographical foundations are among the factors that have played a role in the formation of movements and rebellions, practical and essential aspects. The absolute and relative position of the geographical area of Iran is such that it has made a crossroads as the center of attacks, military wars, and cultural encounters. On the national scale, Iran's natural and geographical features have also been the cause of its social diversity. Therefore, the biological and geographical diversity that has caused social diversity has given a special and unique identity to the communities of different geographical regions. In such a situation, the main actors of the constitutional movement have been the motivation for other geographical areas and ethnic groups to improve Iran's status and participate in power.

How Geography and Climate Shaped the Genomic Diversity of Italian Local Cattle and Sheep Breeds.

Understanding the relationships among geography, climate, and genetics is increasingly important for animal farming and breeding. In this study, we examine these inter-relationships in the context of local cattle and sheep breeds distributed along the Italian territory. To this aim, we used redundancy analysis on genomic data from previous projects combined with geographical coordinates and corresponding climatic data. The effect of geographic factors (latitude and longitude) was more important in sheep (26.4%) than that in cattle (13.8%). Once geography had been partialled out of analysis, 10.1% of cattle genomic diversity and 13.3% of that of sheep could be ascribed to climatic effects. Stronger geographic effects in sheep can be related to a combination of higher pre-domestication genetic variability together with biological and productive specificities. Climate alone seems to have had less impact on current genetic diversity in both species, even if climate and geography are greatly confounded. Results confirm that both species are the result of complex evolutionary histories triggered by interactions between human needs and environmental conditions.

Effects of geographical factors on reference values of the thyroid stimulating hormone in healthy adults in China and its clinical significance.

The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) plays an important regulatory role in maintaining normal function of the thyroid gland. The purpose of this study was to explore the geographical, spatial distribution of TSH normal values in healthy Chinese adults to be used for the formulation of a standard reference. TSH values of 9321 healthy adults from 120 cities in China were collected together with 24 topographic, climatic and soil variables and used for the determination of spatial, significant relationships between TSH and these geographical factors by correlation analysis. Eleven significant factors were extracted and subjected to ridge regression and construction of vector machine models. The predicted values were tested for normality, with the disjunctive Kriging interpolation method used for geographical distribution. The values found showed a spatial pattern of higher values in the North and west but lower in the South and east We concluded that ridge regression models are useful for this kind of investigations and that certain geographical factors determine the level of TSH in healthy adults in a large expanse of land where topography, climate and soil indices vary.

A nyelvjáráshoz fűződő földrajzi és nyelvi szempontú attitűdvizsgálat pécsi gimnazisták körében

This research project has investigated the attitude of grammar school students in Pécs towards dialects. This study has been carried out by involving 192 students in the modified matched guise technique, focusing on the effect of geographic factors on students’ judgement of language variations. According to the preliminary hypotheses, the attitude towards dialects is unanimously judgmental, whereas negative opinion is significantly dominant in case of cognitive factors. Results also show that students who live in villages have a less negative opinion about the dialect speaker than those who come from towns. Contrary to the assumptions, the positive image of the Hungarian village does not influence the discriminative attitude towards the dialect and its speaker.

Identifying Similar Users Based on Their Check-in Data: A Graph Embedding Approach

In recent years, the amount of user check-in data has significantly increased on social network platforms. Such data is an ideal source for characterizing user behaviors and identifying similar users, contributing to many research areas (e.g. user-based collaborative filtering). However, existing trajectory-based user similarity analysis approaches do not distinguish the effects of geographical factors at a fine-grained level, and thus are not able to unleash the full power of semantic information that is hidden in the trajectory. In this paper, we have proposed an effective graph embedding approach to identify similar users based on their check-in data. Specifically, we firstly identify meaningful concepts of user check-in data, based on which we design two metagraphs for representing features of similar user behaviors. Then we characterize each user with a sequence of nodes that are derived through a metagraph-guided random walk strategy. Such sequences are embedded to generate meaningful user vectors for measuring user similarity and eventually identifying similar users. We have evaluated our proposal on three public datasets, the results of which show that our approach is 4% higher than the best existing approach in terms of F1-measure.

Lausanne Population Exchange Migration and the Habitation of Turkish Refugees

The exchange of Turkish and Greek population, which became definite upon an agreement signed between Turkey and Greece at the Lausanne Conference, caused crucial consequences. This period, signifying a compulsory removal of people from their homeland, was a main issue for the Turkish Republic. At the end of ten-year process of transforming minorities in Turkey and Greece into immigrants, parties, through exchange, achieved religious identity integrity. However, considering the qualifications and the value of immigrants, it is a reality that Turkey suffered significant losses. Whereas Greeks migrating to Greece from Turkey were a tradesman urban population, Turks migrating from Greece to Turkey were a farmer peasant population. This paper evaluates the exchange period under related literature, the tackling method in the Lausanne Conference and the implementation period. Moreover, the “Habitation of Exchanged Turks” section, constituting the core of subject, examines the preparations of the Turkish Government for the resettlement of refugees and factors affecting the policies. Furthermore, the resettlement of Turkish immigrants was examined under the distribution principle, and the effect of geographical factors, especially climate and surface shapes, on settlement practices is explained. For this purpose, a map showing the distribution of refugees throughout the country was prepared, and the success rate of settlement applications was evaluated.

Effect of geographical factors on the biological productivity of Lake ecosystems: Modeling and forecast

The correlation between the lake ecosystem productivity and geographical and climatic factors and the production of terrestrial vegetation in the catchment area has been described in the form of a dynamic mass-balance model using Lake Krivoe (North Karelia) as an example. A model algorithm has been presented. It is concluded that, with natural year-to-year fluctuations of the biogenic load and the absence of anthropogenic impacts, Lake Krivoe has been preserving the status of an oligotrophic water body for more than 40 years (1968–2013).

Effect of Geographical Factors on Biological Productivity of Lake Ecosystems: Modelling and Forecast

Effect of Geographical Factors on Biological Productivity of Lake Ecosystems: Modelling and Forecast

An Analysis of Neologism Creation Processes in Texts from Spain and Latin America Included in CORPES XXI

This paper considers various morphological processes involved in the creation of pleiosyllables, long words that arise from “superderivation” and co-exist with shorter words with the same sense (which makes them redundant). It also looks at the effect of geographical factors on the distribution and extent of the phenomenon. To address these questions a corpus was used, CORPES XXI from the Spanish Royal Academy, since this was the best suited to the aims of the research, as it includes texts from the entire Spanish-speaking world from 2001 down to the present day. Finally, an assessment was made of the extent to which these neologisms are to be found in the Academy's dictionaries, together with the possibilities offered by taking into account the data obtained from the corpus as a means for improving that institution's lexicographical publications.

The Effect of Geographic Factors On The Residence Culture In Eastern Black Sea Region

The Effect of Geographic Factors On The Residence Culture In Eastern Black Sea Region

Geographical factors affecting variability of precipitation regime in Iran

This study compares the precipitation regimes by using harmonic analysis during the last four decades (1965–2004). We used the measured precipitation data from 428 rain-gauge sites and weather stations distributed across Iran by applying 15 × 15 km spatial grids to generate the interpolated data. Data validations were carried out by statistical tests. In this study, first three harmonics of precipitation variances were evaluated. Variability of precipitation regime was explored by using three harmonic analysis methods. In addition, the effect of geographical factors (GF) (site elevation, latitude, and longitude) affecting the precipitation regime (P) was verified by multivariate regression method. The resulted regression equation between P and GF for spring showed the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.79). For other seasons, r was lower than for spring and varied between 0.26 (summer) to 0.58 (autumn). Analysis of the first harmonic proved that the main precipitation regime in Iran tends to concentrate in one specific season (winter) as a result of large-scale Mediterranean systems passing over the country. In other words, the first harmonic is able to explain most of the precipitation variations which are caused by large-scale atmospheric circulation. For all the three harmonics, variances of precipitation were mainly a function of the geographical factors. This effect was more evident in the third harmonic; in such a way that increasing the latitudes caused higher precipitation variance. This means that the precipitation regime in northern sites is more sensitive to the local factors than those of southern sites. The results of this research can be used for reliable estimation of precipitation in ungauged sites.

Cohesive subgroups in the international collaboration network in astronomy and astrophysics

This study employs social network analysis to identify institutions with strong international collaborative relationships in astronomical research. We find that the strongest ties tend to link institutions across continents in research collaboration. However, the effect of geographic factors is still notable in light of the fact that most of the institutions in the largest subgroup are located in Europe. Examination of the network position, measured by degree centrality, indicates that homophily is more common than heterophily in the network. A relatively high number of relational ties are observed among institutions that have similar levels of network centrality. Mutual relations are prevalent among central institutions, while strong mutual solidarity exists between institutions on the periphery of the network. This study shows a general unstable international collaborative relationship among astronomical institutions. While more and more institutions have linked up in research collaboration, many of them keep relatively weak ties. Institutions tend not remain in the same subgroup, but link to different partners over time.

Capitol Mobility: Madisonian Representation and the Location and Relocation of Capitals in the United States

The location of a government's capital can profoundly influence the nature and quality of political representation. Yet scholars know very little about what drives the siting of political capitals. In this article, we examine the location and relocation of political capitals in the United States, including the choice of Washington, DC, as the nation's capital and the location and relocation of capitals in the 48 contiguous American states. We argue that the location of capitals in the United States followed a systematic pattern in accord with the theory of representative government developed in the new nation, especially as articulated by Madison. Based on an empirical analysis of historical census and political boundaries data from 1790 to the present, we find that decision makers consistently tended to locate—and especially relocate—the seat of government as near as possible to the population centroid of the relevant political jurisdiction, consistent with the principle of equal representation of citizens. Our analysis contributes to the study of institutional design and change, especially in the area of American political development, as well as to a burgeoning literature on the effects of geographical factors on political outcomes.

Using multidimensional analysis and information functions for macro description of European natural complexes in the second part of the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene

This article analyzes the effect of geographic factors on variations in the species diversity of mammals and plants for the European territory. Multidimensional analysis and a number of information parameters have been applied for the first time, which allowed identifying objective indicators of mammal and plant diversity for different time periods in the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene.

Spatial Influence of Geographical Factors on Soil Erosion in Fuyang County, China

The effect of geographical factors on soil erosion is an important aspect of the monitoring environment changes. The spatial relationship between soil erosion and its geographical factors was carried out. The results showed that soil erosion exhibited high selectivity of geographical factors. 94.5% of soil erosion occurred in areas less than 500 m, 85.3% presented on the areas between 15°- 35°, 57.2% distributed on southern slope, and 76.8% of strong erosion were found in garden land. It provided a basis for governing soil erosion, which was an important significance to local economic development.

Allozyme Polymorphism and Genetic Differentiation Among Populations of <I>Jaculus jaculus and J. orientalis</I> (Rodentia: Dipodidae) in Tunisia

Genetic variability and divergence among natural populations of Jaculus jaculus and J. orientalis in Tunisia were examined by electrophoretic analysis of 16 enzymatic proteins encoded by 23 genetic loci. Low levels of genetic variability were found among populations of both species in comparison to those of other rodent and mammal species of which data are available. In J. jaculus populations, the mean level of observed heterozygosity (H(subscript obs)) ranged from 0.08 to 0.19, while the mean percentage of polymorphic loci (P) ranged from 26.2% to 45.2% and the mean number of alleles per locus (A) ranged from 1.1 to 1.4. Nevertheless, the mean values were 0.10 to 0.15, 29.3% to 44.1% and 1.1 to 1.7, respectively, for J. orientalis. In addition, populations of the two species have revealed a lower degree of genetic differentiation (F=0.00l7 for J. jaculus and 0.0019 for J. orientalis). Moreover, was 0.607, P＜0.05 between populations of the two species, indicating that they were highly genetically diverged from each other. The present data assures the previous results on the validity of the present taxonomic situation of the two species and emphasis on the effect of geographic factors (environments type and bioclimatic stages) on the genetic structure of both species.