Effect Of Gentian Violet Research Articles

Exposure of Lemna minor L. to gentian violet or Congo red is associated with changes in the biosynthesis pathway of biogenic amines

In the literature, there is a lack of data on the effect of gentian violet (GV) and congo red (CR) dyes on the biosynthesis pathway of biogenic amines (BAs) in Lemna minor L. (common duckweed). This plant species is an important link in the food chain. Both dyes inhibited growth, biomass yield and the biosynthesis of chlorophyll a in common duckweed. The predicted toxic units demonstrated that GV had a more toxic effect on the growth rate and biomass yield of common duckweed than CR. Decarboxylase activity in the biosynthesis of BAs in common duckweed is also a useful indicator for evaluating the toxicity of both dyes.Gentian violet also exerted more phytotoxic effects on the analyzed biochemical features of common duckweed because it changed the putrescine (Put) biosynthesis pathway, increased tyramine content 1.6 fold, inhibited the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase by 40% and the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by 80%. Tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) was most active in plants exposed to the highest concentration of GV. Similarly to control plants, in common duckweed exposed to CR, Put was synthesized from ornithine; however, spermidine content was 86% higher, Put content was 51% lower, and ODC activity was 86% lower.

Effect of gentian violet on the growth of the N and T RFLP types of the Aspergillus niger aggregate

Taxa included in the Aspergillus niger aggregate are difficult to distinguish by phenotypic characterization. In this work, the effect of gentian violet on the growth of the N and T RFLP types of A. niger aggregate strains has been investigated. In total, 105 strains from different sources and origins, including reference cultures and field isolates were studied. Type N and T RFLP patterns, ochratoxin A production and the effect of different concentrations of gentian violet on the growth were determined in these strains. Forty nine strains belonged to the N type and 56 strains to the T type. Sixteen out of the 105 strains assayed were OTA producers. All the OTA-producing species belonged to the RFLP type N and none of the T type strains was able to produce OTA. Approximately 90% of the N type strains grew in the presence of 25 ppm of gentian violet. Only five N type strains did not grow on this medium. One of these strains was A. niger ATCC 22343, a well documented induced mutant strain and the remaining four strains belonged to the new species A. brasiliensis. On the contrary, all the T type strains failed to grow on this medium after 3 days of incubation (sensitivity 89.79%; specificity 100%). The use of growth in gentian violet as an additional character for classification and identification purposes in this taxonomic group may be useful because no phenotypic methods have yet been found that can distinguish between these species.

Effect of Gentian Violet, Corticosteroid and Tar Preparations in Staphylococcus-aureus-Colonized Atopic Eczema

Background: In atopic eczema (AE), skin colonization with Staphylococcus aureus plays a possible role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with AE were screened for their cutaneous colonization with S. aureus. The antibacterial and clinical efficacy of topical therapy with the antiseptic dye gentian violet, a potent glucocorticosteroid or a tar solution (liquor carbonis detergens) was evaluated in vivo in 21 patients with a density of >10⁴ CFU/cm² and in vitro. Skin sites were treated twice daily for 4 days with the active drug or a corresponding control. Quantification of S. aureus was done daily during therapy as well as 3 days thereafter. The severity of the lesions was rated by a regional SCORAD. Results: In gentian-violet-treated skin, bacterial density decreased significantly in lesional (p < 0.001) and unaffected skin (p < 0.001). Bacterial densities did not decrease during therapy with glucocorticosteroid or liquor carbonis detergens but dropped afterwards. All therapeutics reduced the severity score, reduction being greatest for the glucocorticosteroid and lowest for liquor carbonis detergens. In vitro, a high antibactericidal efficacy was demonstrated only for gentian violet. Conclusions: Antibacterial therapy with gentian violet not only reduces S. aureus dramatically, but also reduces the severity of the eczema. Reduction of S. aureus after therapy with glucocorticosteroids and LCD seems to be secondary to improvement of the skin condition.

Gentian Violet as a Possible Fungal Inhibitor in Poultry Feed: Plate Assays on its Antifungal Activity

The effect of gentian violet as a fungal inhibitor was studied on five selected fungal species—Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Fusarium moniliforme and Penicillium camemberti. Seventeen other chemicals were also studied and compared. These included: acetic acid, benzoic acid, calcium propionate, cupric sulfate, propionic acid, propylene glycol, sodium propionate, sorbic acid and others. Standard pour plate technique with medium containing various levels of the tested chemical was used. Gentian violet inhibited fungal growth at lower concentrations than did most of the other tested chemicals.Three commercial fungistatic feed additives with different active ingredients were compared for their antifungal activity and the product containing gentian violet was shown to be superior.

A TRAUMATIC HEMATOMA INFECTED WITH BACILLUS WELCHII

This case is interesting because of (1) the long period after injury before infection declared itself; (2) the prompt reduction of fever on cleansing of the wound, and (3) the marked effect of gentian violet on a secondary staphylococcic infection. REPORT OF CASE G. S., a well developed, well nourished woman, aged 17, was admitted to the Colorado General Hospital, Feb. 14, 1927. Three weeks previously she had injured her left leg above the knee in a coasting accident, the toboggan having run into a post. Her clothing was badly torn and the skin of her leg above the knee was deeply lacerated but the muscles were not torn. The leg was very painful and by the time she got to a physician it was swollen from hip to knee and was black and blue. The physician said she had broken a blood vessel. There were sharp pains in the

THE EFFECT OF GENTIAN VIOLET ON THE ORGANISM OF BLASTOMYCOTIC INFECTION

The inhibitory effect of gentian violet on gram-positive bacteria,1and the use of this principle in the isolation of pathogenic molds2and in the treatment in selected cases of infections resulting from these organisms, have been emphasized by Churchman and others. More recently it has been shown3that a similar inhibition, both in vivo and in vitro, is elicited against the thrush fungus. The results herewith reported indicate that the selective action of this dye can be extended to include the closely related yeastlike organism of blastomycosis. The strain used in these tests was recently isolated from the pus in a fatal case of systemic blastomycosis. It was strongly gram-positive, and its morphologic and cultural characteristics were similar to those described by other writers. Fortunately, it was possible to retain this organism in the yeast or budding form for several generations, and the tests were made on

Experimental therapy in clonorchis infections.

Utilizing the method worked out by Faust and Khaw, as presented in the preceding paper, for estimating the number of Clonorchis worms present in the bile passages of laboratory animals, on the basis of the average daily egg count from weighed samples of stools, the authors have tested the effect of gentian violet and mercurochrome on cats and dogs. Both mercuro-chrome and gentian violet, administered orally in the form of salol coated pills, have a direct effect on egg-production in Clonorchis, in that they greatly accelerate the speed of production. Under these conditions eggs are immature when laid and are frequently imperfect and non-viable.This phenomenon of hyperproductivity of Clonorchis ova after therapeusis is not directly dependent on the clonorchicidal effect of the dye. In the mercurochrome series living worms with empty uteri were recovered some days after hyperproduction of ova had been observed, in numbers consistent with the previous worm estimate. This appears to refute the idea that the i...

THE ROLE OF HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION IN THE ACTION OF DYES ON BACTERIA

IN a recent number of this JOURNAL (1) the report of a study on the Effect of Gentian Violet on the Viability of Some Water-Borne Bacteria gave rise to the problem of determining why, when B. coli is growing in gentian violet broth, a heavy purple precipitate is produced, which in most cases removes all the color from the media. This precipitate might possibly be a decomposition product of the dye, or might be due to absorption of the dy,e by the bacteria and a gradual settling out of the latter since they no longer remain suspended. No precipitation occurred so long as the broth remained sterile, even after long incubation periods. It has already been found (2) that a decided increase in the protein nitrogen fraction of the nitrogen content of media occurred upon bacterial growth, evidently an actual production of bacterial protein. That proteins combine chemically with certain dyes was suggested by T. B. Robertson (3) when he observed that the addition of proteins such as casein, gelatin and protamin to aqueous dye solutions altered the distribution of the dye between water and lipoid, and that this alteration is characteristic for each protein. Kligler (4) noted that as you increase the organic nitrogenous compounds in media the dye becomes less effective bacteriostatically. He says the reaction of the medium modifies the specific action of the antiseptic, owing, probably, to an alteration in the bacterial cell. In 1921 Churchman had noted (5) that the addition of dead bacterial bodies to gentian violet mediatended to inhibit the bacteriostatic action of the dye. Since the organisms used (1) were all of -the lactose fermenting type, which

THE USE OF GENTIAN-VIOLET AS A RESTRAINER IN THE ISOLATION OF THE PATHOGENIC MOLDS

The work of Churchman1on gentian-violet has shown that this substance possesses the peculiar property of inhibiting in high dilution the growth of grampositive organisms. This fact has been confirmed by Krumwiede and Pratt,2and applied by Petroff3in his medium for isolation of cultures of the tubercle bacillus from sputum. As most of the skin saprophytes are gram-positive, it occurred to us that gentian violet might be of value in restraining the growth of skin contaminants in cultures during the isolation of the pathogenic molds of the skin and hair, provided the substance should prove to be non-inhibiting for the molds themselves. AUTHOR'S EXPERIMENTS Technic.— A preliminary series of experiments was undertaken using four molds of widely varying growth characteristics to determine in a general way the effect of gentian-violet on their growth. The organisms, all of which were isolated in this laboratory, selected were: (1)

The effect of gentian violet on protozoa and on growing adult tissue

This study was primarily undertaken to settle two questions raised by the observations made during the last two years on the effect of gentian violet on bacteria.1 It was noticed early in the gentian violet studies that motile organisms not killed by the stain (violet negative organisms) retained their motility even though deeply stained; and that these stained violet negative organisms when transplanted to agar slants grew equally well with the control smears of unstained bacteria. The retention of motility by the stained organisms might in these experiments be explained as a survival phenomenon; and the growth of transplants made from the stained specimens might be regarded as arising, not from the organisms in the smear which had taken the stain, but from the few in the smear which had escaped it. It seemed altogether likely, from other observations that these explanations were not the correct ones; and that the violet negative organisms actually took the stain during life. Still, definite proof was la...

The effect of gentian violet on enzymes, toxines and ultra-microscopic infections

Since the observations reported by me, two years ago, on the effect of gentian violet on bacteria, studies have been carried on to extend these observations into the field of enzymes, toxines and ultra-microscopic infections. The original purpose of these experiments was to offer a new method of studying ultra-microscopic infections and to see if it might not be possible, by adding a dye to an infectious agent, to stain and thus to kill organisms too small to be seen. Experiments of a similar nature are now under way in this laboratory with inoculable tumors.The following groups of active agents have thus far been studied:1. Organized ferments (yeast). Yeast cells when stained with gentian violet lose entirely their power of fermenting sugar.2. Unorganized ferments. (a) Ptyalin (salivary diastase). This ferment when stained with gentian violet is quite as active as the unstained controls. (b) Pepsin. The activity of this enzyme was estimated by its action on wedges of egg albumen. It was found to be unaff...