Effect Of Garlic Supplementation Research Articles

Effects of Garlic Supplementation and Levels of Supplementation on the Performance of Tre Chickens in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

Effects of Garlic Supplementation and Levels of Supplementation on the Performance of Tre Chickens in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

Effect of garlic supplementation on zootechnical performance and hepato-renal functions in nitrate-treated rabbits

The effect of garlic supplementation on zootechnical performance and hepato-renal functions of rabbits exposed to experimental nitrate poisoning was evaluated. Adult male 6-8 week-old albino rabbits (n= 24) were randomly divided into four groups (A - D) and subjected to nitrate intoxication through the oral administration of sodium nitrate solution at 2 ml/kg bodyweight per day for 40 days. Group A was a control that received no treatment except sodium nitrate. Rabbits in groups B and C were treated with 1% methylene blue solution (2 mg/kg bodyweight per day) and aqueous garlic extract (500 mg/kg bodyweight per day) through intraperitoneal and oral routes, respectively. Rabbits in group D were treated with both 1% methylene blue solution (2 mg/kg bodyweight per day, intraperitoneally) and aqueous garlic extract (500 mg/kg bodyweight per day, orally). On completion of the treatment period, the groups were compared in growth performance, biochemical profile and histopathological changes of hepato-renal tissues. Although the total feed consumption of the groups remained comparable, Group C showed relatively better weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Likewise, garlic extract significantly increased the serum bilirubin concentration and reduced the level of other biochemical attributes in comparison with control animals. The hepatic and renal tissues of Groups C and D remained normal, whereas those of the control group exhibited distinct histopathological alterations. It was concluded that garlic supplementation ameliorated the deleterious effects of nitrate intoxication on production performance and hepato-renal functions of rabbits.

Effects of garlic supplementation on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and gas production

Garlic contains secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties that can alter nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation, similar to other antimicrobial products. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of garlic powder and garlic juice on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and gas production. The treatments consisted of control with no additives, garlic powder, and garlic juice at 0.5 ml and 1 ml. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre were determined after 48 hours incubation. Rumen ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids were determined at 12 hours and 24 hours incubation. The cumulative gas production was recorded periodically over 48 hours. The in vitro dry matter disappearance decreased with 1 ml of garlic juice compared with control. The crude protein degradability in garlic powder and garlic juice was lower than in control. Volatile fatty acids increased in all treatments. Individual volatile fatty acids were significantly different, especially propionate, whereas the acetate to propionate ratio was reduced by garlic juice, and ammonia nitrogen was reduced by garlic powder and 0.5 ml of garlic juice. The cumulative gas production increased significantly with both levels of garlic juice. The addition of garlic juice at 0.5 mL/100 ml could enhance the production of propionate, and reduce the acetate to propionate ratio, implying that the supply of hydrogen for methanogens was limited.

Antioxidant Effect Potential of Garlic In Vitro and Real Food System: Effects of Garlic Supplementation on Oxidation Stability and Sensory Properties of Butter

AbstractIn this research, the effect of adding garlic and synthetic antioxidant to butter produced on both quality characteristics and oxidation stability during the storage (1st, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th, 75th, and 90th days) process is investigated. With this aim, two replicates of butter samples as control, containing different proportions of garlic (butter treated with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% crushed garlic) and with 50 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) added are prepared. 2,2′‐Azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical‐scavenging ability, ferric reducing antioxidant power value of garlic are found as 26.05%; 87.48%; 70 mm mL−1, respectively. Total phenolic content, total flavonoids, and total antioxidant capacity of fresh garlic are determined. The main components of essential oil of garlic are determined. The rate of oxidation decreases as the garlic rate increases. The highest sensory analysis scores for the first days of storage are for the control and butter with 50 ppm BHT added, followed by samples with 5%, 2.5%, and 7.5% garlic added. At the end of storage, the highest sensory analysis scores are obtained by the butter with 5% garlic added. The butter with 10% garlic added is not liked in terms of sensory properties.Practical Applications: Oxidation‐causing or accelerating factors are oxygen, light, temperature, metal ions, some pigments, and degree of unsaturation. Oxidation is eliminated when these factors are eliminated. But in practice this is not possible. Therefore, it is very difficult to prevent oxidation without adding any material. Antioxidants are the most effective substances in the food industry for the production, storage, transport, and marketing of vegetable and animal fats and fat‐containing foods, delaying the effect of atmospheric oxygen at normal temperatures, preventing food spoilage, and rancidity for a certain period of time. Due to the carcinogenic effects of synthetic antioxidants, interest in natural antioxidants has increased. It is known that garlic has antioxidant effects. Natural antioxidants are used in the food industry for different purposes due to their extensive bioactivity profile. Peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid tests are generally used to determine the degree of lipid oxidation in butter.

The effects of garlic supplementation on weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Obesity is related to increase in the incidence of morbidity and mortality. Studies have suggested anti-obesity properties of garlic; however, results are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis is done to summarize the data obtained from available randomized clinical trials on the effect of garlic supplementation on body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist Circumference (WC). The online databases of Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane library were searched until March 2018 for related publications using relevant keywords. Effect sizes of eligible studies were pooled using random-effects models. Cochran's Q-test and I2 index were used for assessing heterogeneity. We found 1241 records in our initial search, of which 13 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with 15 treatment arms were included. Pooled analysis showed that garlic administration might significantly decrease WC (Weighed Mean Difference (WMD): -1.10cm, 95% CI: -2.13, -0.07, P=0.03, I2=0%). However, garlic intervention had no significant effect on body weight (WMD): -0.17kg, 95% CI: -0.75 to 0.39, P=0.54, I2=0%) and BMI (WMD: -0.17kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.52, 0.16, P=0.30, I2=44.5%) as compared to controls. From Subgroup analysis, it was ascertained that the effect of garlic supplementation on BMI was significant in trials with duration<12 weeks (WMD: -0.58kg/m2, 95% CI: -1.08, -0.08, I2=19.8%, P=0.02) compared to those with higher duration (>12 weeks). The current meta-analysis results suggest that garlic supplementation seems to reduce waist circumference unlike body weight and BMI.

Effect of Garlic Supplementation on Performance, Carcass Traits and Blood Profile of Broiler Chicken

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the feeding of garlic (Allium sativum L.) powder on the performance and blood profile of broiler chicken. A total of 120 day old Cobb-400 strains of broiler were distributed into four treatments groups with 30 birds in each treatment having five replicates of 6 birds each. The birds were reared in cages and were fed with diet supplemented with 0%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% of garlic powder. Feed and water was provided ad libitum and the experiment lasted for 42 days. The results had revealed that there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in body weight, gain in weight, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency, performance index, dressing percentage, carcass and organ weights due to different levels of garlic though the values were observed to be numerically better in garlic treated groups. Dietary supplementation of garlic had significant (p<0.05) effect on WBC and RBC and the values were observed to be maximum at the highest level of garlic (0.75%) and the least in control group (0%). Haemoglobin and differential white blood cells count were unaffected by garlic treatment. Economic analysis had shown that the groups fed with 0.25% and 0.05% garlic had the least cost of production and highest net profit kg−1 gain in weight. It was concluded that supplementation of garlic up to 0.75% did not have any adverse effect on the performance of broilers and garlic supplementation resulted in higher net return. The experiment was conducted as per CRD and the data was analysed using single way ANOVA.

Effect of Garlic Supplementation to Rabbit Semen Extender on Semen Metabolic and Oxidative Markers

The present study was designed to evaluate the biochemical attributes of semen by extender supplementation with garlic extract. Semen was collected from mature New Zealand white rabbit bucks. Ejaculates were either extended with garlic-supplemented extender (group1, GARLIC) or kept non-supplemented (group 2, CONTROL). After a period of preservation (three months), semen characteristics evaluated were fructose levels and alpha glucosidase and leuco peroxidase activities, and antioxidants evaluation. GARLIC supplemented extender caused a significant increase in fructose levels and alpha glucosidase activity but decrease in leuco peroxidase activity as compared to CONTROL group. The malondialdehyde levels were significantly declined in GARLIC extender group while, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of evaluation of sperm function tests, oxidative stress (OS) markers assessment. GARLIC extender possibly will protect sperm against the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve seminal biochemical parameters and energy source during sperm storage and could useful in boosting semen quality.

Effect of garlic supplementation on serum C-reactive protein level: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The present study was designed to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that report on the effects of garlic supplementation on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We conducted a literature search of Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to January 2018. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were estimated for net change in serum CRP. Subgroup analyses were also performed by duration of study, dose of supplementation, baseline CRP level, and the quality of studies. From 438 articles found and screened in our initial search, nine RCTs with the sum of total sample size of 363 were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the controls, garlic intake significantly reduced the concentrations of serum CRP by 0.8mg/L (95% CI [-1.5, -0.1], p=0.02) with the evidence of heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup analyses showed that garlic significantly lowered CRP by 0.82mg/L (95% CI [-1.02, -0.62], p<0.001) among studies with a daily garlic dose ≥1,200mg/day and by 2.44mg/L (95% CI [-4.02, -0.87], p=0.002) among studies with baseline CRP ≥2mg/L. Current data confirmed that garlic supplementation would reduce serum CRP levels. However, the changes were related to the supplemental doses and baseline levels of serum CRP.

Effect of garlic supplementation on the humoral and cellular immunity after immunization of broilers by sonicated oocysts of Eimeria tenella

This study was performed to investigate the effect of garlic with sonicated oocysts immunization of E. tenella on humoral and cellular immune responses in broilers. A total of 150 broiler chicks were divided into 6 equal groups. The 1st and 2nd groups inoculated in ovo with sonicated oosycts of E. tenella and repeated by I/M injection at day 14 .The 3rd and 4th groups injected I/M with sonicated oosycts at day old and repeated at day 14, the 1st and 3rd feeding a basal diet, while the 2nd, 4th and 5th groups feeding basal diet with garlic. The birds of the 6th group fed basal diet and remains as control. All groups were challenged with 50,000 of sporulated oocysts of E. tenella. The results revealed that the immunized groups and immunized with garlic have a significant difference P &lt; 0.05 in the lymphoid organs weight and indices, antibody titers against SRBCs (sheep red blood cells) and Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) skin test in camper with control and garlic groups specially at day 35. At these instants there was no significance difference between the two procedures of immunization in ovo and I/M.&#x0D; In conclusion that in ovo and I/M immuinzation of sonicated oocyst showed some evidence of reducing negative performance impact associated with coccidiosis.

Effect of garlic supplement in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACTThe present study was designed to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of garlic supplement in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) by using the terms garlic and T2DM up to April 2017. The quality of included RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane tool of risk of bias, and data of outcomes were pooled by REVMAN 5.3. Clinical factors were handled by meta-regression and subgroup analysis, and risk of publication bias was explored by inverted funnel plots. Nine RCTs involving 768 T2DM patients were included in the meta-analysis, and the dose of daily garlic (allicin) supplement ranged from 0.05g to 1.5g. A significant reduction in the level of fasting blood glucose in 1–2 weeks [SMD = −1.61, 95%CI (−2.89, −0.32)], 3–4 weeks [SMD = −2.87, 95%CI (−4.74, −1.00)], 12 weeks [SMD = −9.57, 95%CI (−12.39, −6.75)], and 24 weeks [SMD = −21.02, 95%CI (−32.47, −9.57)] was achieved in favour of the garlic group rather than the control group. Significantly decreased fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin (both in 12 and 24 weeks) were also found in garlic group. Meanwhile, significantly improved blood liquids of total cholesterol [SMD = −1.93, 95%CI (−2.98, −0.87), 3–4 weeks], high density lipoprotein [SMD = −0.41, 95%CI (−0.83, −0.00), 3–4 weeks] and low density lipoprotein [SMD = −3.47, 95%CI (−5.76, −1.18), 12 weeks] were confirmed after garlic administration. There was no significant difference in complications. Current data confirms that garlic supplement plays positive and sustained roles in blood glucose, total cholesterol, and high/low density lipoprotein regulation in the management of T2DM.Abbreviations: T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; RCT = randomized controlled trial; SMD = standard mean difference; CI = confidence interval; FBG = fasting blood glucose; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; HDL = high density lipoprotein; LDL = low density lipoprotein.

Garlic Powder Attenuates Apoptosis Associated with Lead Acetate-Induced Testicular Damage in Adult Male Rats

Lead is a highly prevalent heavy metal pollutant in human and animals which has various toxicological effects on the different organs including reproductive system on particular aspect the male testis. Lead (Pb) exposure enhances the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) which negatively affect testis structure and functions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of garlic supplement on daily basis and its prophylactic possibility against lead acetate induced testicular dysfunction. Thirty two adult male rats were divided to four groups, eight animals per each. All animals were maintained under standard laboratory conditions with free access to suitable diet and water supply. The 1st group was supplied with water and diet and kept without further treatment as a negative control. The 2nd group was treated by lead acetate( 50mg/L) daily in drinking water as a positive control. The 3rd group was administered commercial garlic powder preparation only (200 mg/kg b.w.) by stomach tube. The 4th group was co-treated with lead acetate in drinking water plus garlic in same doses by stomach tube. Then, all animals were scarified after 42 days for clean excision of epididymis and testes. Semen was collected and analyzed for count, motility and viability. Testicular tissues sections were prepared, stained and examined. Oxidative stress markers, SOD and MDA were determined in testicular tissue homogenate. Immunostaining was carried out on sections of testicular tissue for detection of proapoptotic markers caspase-3 and Bax expression. Finally, the level of expression of Bcl-2 and P53 genes was measured in testicular tissue samples as well. The data summary obtained from co treated group signified the protective effect of garlic against potential lead acetate induced undesired testicular apoptosis.

Effects of garlic supplementation on parasitic infestation, live weight, and hematological parameters in Black Bengal goat

This study was conducted to determine the effects of garlic on egg per gram (EPG) count of feces for gastrointestinal parasites, live weight, and hematological parameters in Black Bengal goat. A total of 18 dry does of 18-22 months of age were divided into 3 groups as T0, T1 and T2; where, each group comprised of 6 goats. The goats of T0 were feed with normal feeds, whereas the goats of T1 and T2 were fed with normal feeds plus 25 mL and 50 mL of 10% water solution of garlic twice per day, respectively for 60 days. The EPG count was performed by McMaster counting chamber, and live weight was measured by digital electric balance. EPG count for gastrointestinal parasites was found significantly lower in the treatment groups as compared to T0. Weight gain was recorded significantly higher in the treatment groups. The hematological parameters like total leucocyte count (TLC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and total erythrocyte count (TEC) showed significant changes in the treatment groups. The study suggests that 10% water solution of garlic is a useful supplementation to decrease EPG count, body weight gain; thus, the 10% aqueous garlic solution can improve the general health condition of goat. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2015.b102

Effects of garlic supplementation on blood pressure

Hypertension is one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. One of primary management of hypertension include dietary changes which could incorporate dietary supplementation ,also use of non pharmacological treatment options is high in patients with high blood pressure .Garlic has played an important dietary as well as medicinal role in human history and it has been on the top ten lists of herbal sales among people. For evaluating the effect of garlic on blood pressure ,we reviewed clinical trials published from 1982 until 2013 by searching in informative bank such as PubMed، Ovid، Elsevier Science , Google Scholar with keywords garlic , blood pressure, hypertension and herbal supplement. The result of this review article showed that several clinical trials have suggested garlic lowers systolic and or diastolic blood pressure and has beneficial effect in controlling hypertension, but negative results also have been obtained in some of trials .Blood pressure reducing properties of garlic have been linked to its hydrogen sulphide production and allicin content , liberated from alliin and the enzyme alliinase. large scale trials are needed to investigate whether standardized garlic preparations could provide a safe alternative or complementary treatment option for hypertension in clinical practice.

Comment on: Not just a vampire repellent: the adverse effects of garlic supplements in surgery

Apart from its culinary and mythical uses, garlic also has beneficial medicinal properties including antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and anti-cancer effects; and preventing heart disease by aiding the control of hypertension.1 Nevertheless, our experience has noted a deleterious effect from supplementary garlic consumption that has affected our clinical practice in colorectal surgery. Garlic is known to be a blood thinner due its anti-platelet properties. Ajoene, a sulphur containing derivative of garlic, irreversibly inhibits platelet aggregation,2, potentiating anticoagulants such as aspirin, warfarin, dipyrimadole and clopidogrel.3,4 The composition of the garlic supplement affects its potency. Oil macerates have the highest content of ajoene and therefore exert the most potent effect.5 We performed elective high anterior resections for malignancy on two patients with no previous medical history, normal clotting profiles, platelet counts and not on anticoagulants or antiplatelets. Both laparoscopic cases converted to open due to the presence of generalised capillary ooze. Due to poor haemostasis, the risk of anastomotic leakage was high. Defunctioning ileostomies were formed despite original plans to perform a primary anastomosis. Retrospectively the patients admitted to self-medicating with garlic remedies. Recent recommendations from anaesthetic journals suggest that garlic supplements should be stopped seven days prior to operative intervention.6

Effect of garlic supplementation on complement activity in broiler chickens

Recent studies have demonstrated the potential immuno-modulatory activity of herbal products in human and animals. The present study was performed to elucidate the impact of including fresh garlic powder (FGP) in the diet of broiler chicks on serum alternative pathway of complement activation (APCA) activity, as a functional part of humoral innate immunity. For this, two hundred new-born chicks were divided into three groups: A (50 chicks), B and C (75 each). The chicks in group A were fed control diet, whereas those in groups B and C received diets supplemented with 1% or 3% of FGP, respectively. On day 21, half of the chicks in groups B and C were separated into groups D and E, respectively, and fed control diet afterwards. Sera were collected on days 1, 14, 21, 32 and 42, and assayed for APCA activity. The results showed that APCA activity in groups A and B increased up to day 32 and then decreased (P 0.05). Furthermore, the removal of FGP from the diet led to the improvement of APCA activity in treated groups. In conclusion, garlic supplementation, depending on the rate and period of time used in the diet, may enhance or depress humoral innate immunity in broiler chickens.

Effect of Garlic Supplementation on Erythrocytes Antioxidant Parameters, Lipid Peroxidation, and Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation Process in Oxidized Oil-Fed Rabbits

Effect of garlic supplementation on blood antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and coronary plaque formation process was investigated in oxidized oil-fed rabbits. Eighteen adult male mixed European rabbits were given a balanced diet (21 g% protein, 34 g% fat, 45 g% carbohydrate), which contained isocaloristic addition of nonoxidized or oxidized rapeseed oil in the presence and absence of garlic. The experiment lasted 24 weeks. At the beginning and every 6 weeks, rabbits were weighed, and blood was taken. To evaluate the antioxidant status of the rabbits, erythrocytes malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activations were determined. After the experiment was completed, aortas were dissected for histological examinations. Changes in the contents of the above parameters and histological examinations showed that oxidized rapeseed, oil administered to rabbits, caused the development of atherosclerotic changes and disturbed antioxidant status. The addition of garlic in such diets inhibited atherosclerotic changes in the aorta wall, and it is related to the homeostatic activity of antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation.

A randomized factorial study of the effects of long-term garlic and micronutrient supplementation and of 2-wk antibiotic treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins

Little is known about the long-term effects of garlic or micronutrient supplementation on total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol in disease-free persons. We aimed to assess the effects of long-term supplementation with garlic and micronutrients and of short-term amoxicillin and omeprazole treatment on serum total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol in a rural Chinese population. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 x 2 x 2 and 2 x 2 factorial study of precancerous gastric lesions in 3411 subjects in Linqu County, Shandong Province, China. Thirty-four subjects were randomly selected from each of 12 treatment strata. Sera were analyzed at 3.3 and 7.3 y to measure effects on total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol after 2-wk twice-daily treatment with 1 g amoxicillin and 20 mg omeprazole and supplementation throughout the study with 1) 2 capsules twice daily, each containing 200 mg aged garlic extract and 1 mg steam-distilled garlic oil, or 2) twice-daily micronutrient capsules containing 250 mg vitamin C, 100 IU vitamin E, and 37.5 mg selenium. Regressions adjusted for covariates indicated increases of 0.22 mmol total cholesterol/L (P = 0.01) and 0.19 mmol LDL/L (P = 0.02) after 7.3 y of micronutrient supplementation, but no effect of garlic supplementation or short-term amoxicillin and omeprazole treatment. In this rural Chinese population with low meat intake and moderate cholesterol concentrations, long-term garlic supplementation had no effect on lipid profiles, whereas micronutrient supplementation was associated with small but significant increases in total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations at 7.3 y.

Effect of garlic supplementation on oxidized low density lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in patients of essential hypertension

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases including hypertension. Therefore, certain compounds with antioxidative capacity are believed to be protective against such diseases. Some components of garlic are known to possess antioxidative properties. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the effect of short-term garlic supplementation in essential hypertensive patients (EH) on indices of oxidative stress. Twenty patients of EH as diagnosed by JNC VI criteria (Group I) and 20 age and sex-matched normotensive controls were enrolled for the study. Both groups were given garlic pearls (GP) in a dose of 250 mg per day for 2 months. Baseline samples were obtained at start of the study, i.e. 0 day, and thereafter, 2 months (follow-up). Lipids and lipoprotein subfractions, plasma-oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), plasma and urinary concentration of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in vivo, and the total antioxidant status (TOS) of these individuals were determined. We observed a moderate hypercholesterolemia and a significantly raised blood pressure in hypertensive patients as compared to the controls. The indices of oxidative stress, i.e. plasma ox-LDL and plasma and urinary concentration of 8-iso-PGF2alpha were significantly increased in EH group. Further, hypertensive patients had a significantly low TOS as compared to the control group. With in 2 months of GP supplementation, there was a significant decline in both systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) and a significant reduction in ox-LDL and 8-iso-PGF2alpha levels in Group I patients. Further, a moderate increase in the TOS was also observed in this group as compared to their control counterparts. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation of garlic may be beneficial in reducing blood pressure and oxidative stress in hypertensive individuals.

Influência da suplementação com alho (Allium sativum) em pó na flora ruminal e no ganho de peso de cordeiros confinados

The study aimed to study the effects of garlic supplementation on ruminal flora and on weight gain in feedlot lambs. Fourteen animals were divided into two groups (treated and control). The garlic supplementation did not increase weight gain but induced a reduction of ruminal flora activity.

Garlic Supplementation Increases Testicular Testosterone and Decreases Plasma Corticosterone in Rats Fed a High Protein Diet

The effects of garlic supplementation on protein metabolism were investigated by measuring testis testosterone and plasma corticosterone in rats fed diets with different protein levels. In Experiment 1, rats were fed experimental diets with different protein levels (40, 25 or 10 g/100 g casein) with or without 0.8 g/100 g garlic powder. After 28 d of feeding, testosterone contents in the testis were significantly higher and plasma corticosterone concentrations were significantly lower in rats fed 40 and 25% casein diets with garlic powder than in those fed the same diets without garlic powder. Urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroid (an index of testosterone), nitrogen balance and hepatic arginase activity were significantly higher in rats fed the 40% casein diet with garlic powder than in the 40% casein controls. In Experiment 2, the effect of diallyldisulfide (a major volatile sulfur-containing compound in garlic) on the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland, which regulates testosterone production in the testis, was investigated in anesthetized rats. Plasma LH concentration increased dose dependently after administration of diallyldisulfide (P < 0.01, r = 0.558). These results suggest that dietary supplementation with 0.8 g/100 g garlic alters hormones associated with protein anabolism by increasing testicular testosterone and decreasing plasma corticosterone in rats fed a high protein diet.