Effect Of Gamma Irradiation Doses Research Articles

Effect of Gamma Irradiation Dose on the Interface and Tribological Properties of Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene

Effect of Gamma Irradiation Dose on the Interface and Tribological Properties of Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene

Tunable ultra‐wideband NIR emission and irradiation resistance in novel Er3+/Tm3+/Pr3+ tri‐doped La2O3‐ Ga2O3‐Ta2O5 glasses synthesized using aerodynamic levitation method

AbstractGlasses with ultra‐wideband near‐infrared emission and superior irradiation resistance are important for the potential applications in optical communications under harsh environments. Here, transparent 35La2O3‐(65‐x)Ga2O3‐xTa2O5 (LGT) and Er3+/Tm3+/Pr3+ tri‐doped LGT glasses are fabricated using the levitation method. LGT glasses exhibit a wide glass‐formation region, low largest vibration energy, high refractive indices, and excellent mechanical properties. Additionally, Er3+/Tm3+/Pr3+ tri‐doped LGT samples with varying Pr3+ contents are characterized by possessing good thermal stability (Tg>849°C), wide transparent optical window, strong radiation resistance, excellent compatibility between low wavelength dispersion (vd>31.2), and large refractive index (nd>2.048). By optimizing the doping content of Er3+, Tm3+, and Pr3+ in an appropriate ratio, the ultra‐wideband near‐infrared luminescence ranging from 1250 to 1640 nm (FWHM = 251 nm) has been acquired under 808 nm pumping. Furthermore, decay curves are measured to reveal the fluorescence dynamics, and then the related emission mechanism is elaborated systematically. Meanwhile, the effects of gamma irradiation doses on microstructure, transmittance spectra, and fluorescence characteristics are studied. This work may offer a valuable reference for doping optimization and new design strategy of multifunctional materials.

Effect of Gamma-Irradiation Dose on the Yield and Acute Toxicity of Seed Potato Tubers of the Meteor Variety

Effect of Gamma-Irradiation Dose on the Yield and Acute Toxicity of Seed Potato Tubers of the Meteor Variety

Effect of Gamma-Irradiation Dose on the Yield and Acute Toxicity of Seed Potato Tubers of the Meteor Variety

The influence of the dose of presowing γ-irradiation of tubers on the anatomical and morphological structure, yield, and tasting properties of potatoes of the Meteor variety has been studied. Morphological disorders—beak-shaped and heart-shaped tubers of a large fraction and small tubers in the form of embryos—were found in potatoes grown from tubers irradiated with doses of 500–600 Gy, although no external anatomical and morphological differences were noted in the stems and leaves of potato plants in the course of the vegetative development regardless of the presowing irradiation dose of tubers. Irradiation of seed tubers with doses of 200–300 Gy led to the highest yield and profitability and the best tasting qualities of grown potatoes. Experiments on the toxicity of potato tubers irradiated with doses of 100–1500 kGy and juice released during their radiolysis with doses of 1200–5000 kGy showed no negative effect on the animals that consumed them. At the same time, the physiological processes of digestion, excretion, and metabolism in experimental animals were not inhibited and the level of glucose in their blood remained within physiological reference values. The experimentally established highest doses of γ-irradiation of potatoes and the doses of introducing aqueous dispersions of the irradiated products into mice (gram of substance per 1 kg of live weight of the animal) that did not cause clinical manifestations were 10 g/kg for powdered potato tubers irradiated with a dose of 1500 kGy and 20 g/kg for dried juice powder released in the course of irradiation of potato tubers with a dose of 2000 kGy.

The Changes in Seed Germination Capacity, Seedling Growth, and Leaf Morphology of Ficus variegata Blume Influenced by Gamma-Ray Irradiation

Gamma irradiation treatments have commonly been applied to induce variation in plant genetic improvement programs. The improvement of nyawai (Ficus variegata Blume) is urgently needed mainly to break the seed dormancy, increase seedling growth, and induce variation for selecting desired traits. This research aimed to assess the effect of gamma irradiation doses on seed germination, seedling growth, and leaf morphology of Ficus variegate Blume. This experiment's irradiation doses ranged from 5-240 Gy and were applied to seeds with varying levels of vigor based on the artificial seed aging process. The data displayed a positive relationship between low doses of gamma irradiation and the nyawai seed's endurance. Low irradiation doses, 5 to 30 Gy, are deemed capable of promoting seedling development, leaf retention, and diversity in leaf structure. The higher irradiation doses than 30 Gy decreased seedling growth, leaf number, and seedling survival. In addition, these doses also affect some morphological changes, including seedling height and leaf length and width.

Effects of gamma irradiation dose and short‐term storage on phytochemicals, antioxidants, and textural properties of boiled ‘Tainan 9’ peanuts

SummaryBoiled peanuts are preferable as a ready‐to‐eat healthy snack; however, gamma irradiation as a postharvest treatment of raw peanuts may induce unfavourable food components. Hence, the phytochemical, antioxidant, and the texture of boiled ‘Tainan 9’ peanuts pretreated with gamma irradiation (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 kGy) and stored at 29 ± 2 °C for up to 180 days were investigated. Both gamma irradiation and storage time contributed to testa darkening in raw peanuts. In boiled irradiated products, irradiation doses and storage time affected the moisture content (MC), total proteins, total oil, total soluble sugars, and antioxidant capacity (P ≤ 0.05). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed an increase at days 90 and decreased at days 180 across all treatments. A positive correlation was observed among ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolics, and total flavonoids. Gamma irradiation at 10 kGy led to increase of peroxide value (PV) (P ≤ 0.05), but malondialdehyde (MDA) content was unaffected. Textural properties of boiled irradiated peanuts were soft. As a result, gamma irradiation at 5 kGy is recommended for postharvest treatment of raw peanuts with subsequent storage up to 180 days to obtain the eating quality of boiled peanuts with good phytochemicals and antioxidant properties, which is a challenge for food industry.

Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus inhibition and reduction of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in maize by irradiation

Grains are susceptible to contamination by molds; some cause spoilage and others produce certain mycotoxins that cause a serious health threat to humans and animals. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus and their mycotoxins, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, are natural contaminants of various agricultural commodities. Control of these molds and their mycotoxins in food commodities is of utmost importance; therefore, the target of this research was to explore the effects of gamma irradiation doses on the growth of A. flavus and A. ochraceus in artificially inoculated yellow maize as well as on the production of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and the formation of toxins in maize. The irradiated dose of 6.0 kGy was found to completely inhibit the growth of the two molds, while a dose of 4.5 kGy reduced the production of their mycotoxins. Maximum degradation of the formed aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in maize occurred at 20 kGy, with best reduction rates of 40.1%, 33.3%, and 61.1% observed for aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, and ochratoxin A, respectively. We recommend grains irradiation by gamma radiation at 6.0 kGy to decontaminate mycotoxin-producing molds before they produce mycotoxins. The study represents a proactive, efficient, and potent method for avoiding potential contamination of fungus during grains storage and transfer for one to two months.

The impact of γ-irradiation on Cd-B2o3 glass doped WO3: New evidences by TL and ESR spectroscopy

A well resolved Thermoluminescence (TL) glow peak at ~168 °C was observed in Cd-borate glass doped WO3. The maximum TL intensity was observed for 1.5 mol% of WO3+ doped samples and thereafter decreases. The variation of gamma exposure (0.025→2 kGy) on TL glow curves of Cd-borate glass showed linear and sub-linear behavior supported by track interaction model (TIM). Here γ-irradiated sample shows the formation of shallow trap (surface trapping) beside the formation of deep trapping. The composition dependence of the g ≈ 1.94 ESR absorption line intensity shows a decrease with increasing WO3 content, which is attributed to a fall in the ratio of the number of unpaired pentavalent ions W5+ ions to the number of W6+ ions. The effect of gamma irradiation doses on TL and ESR studies show high response with dose which indicates that these glass samples may be useful for TL dosimetry.

Effect of high gamma irradiation doses on structure and morphology properties for Epoxy resins

Effects of gamma irradiation doses on epoxy resins thin, composed films was investigated. The structure properties of irradiated epoxy resin films with different thickness was measured using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Epoxy-resin thin films were exposed to gamma- rays with doses ranging from 0 to 120 kGy. The XRD parameters were calculated in 2 theta (2 θ) range between (4° to 90°). Via the X-ray diffraction analysis, it was found that all physical parameters such as; lattice aspacing (d), inter-chain separation (R), interlayer distance (D), average crystal size (LC), degree of crystallinity (χC), Number of crystallites per unit area (N), dislocation density (δ), micro-strain (ε), average lattice strain (LS), and distortion parameters (g) and total broadening (L) could be determined. The results indicate that all parameters were dependent on (FWHM) and equal to zero, except at 120KGy. The Structure of epoxy thin films was transformed from the amorphous to crystal phase by applying the small thickness thin films and high gamma irradiation doses. Moreover, adding the material hardened in epoxy thin film composites and exposed to gamma irradiation increased crystallinty. The surface morphology was investigated by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Via SEM, the crystal phase morphology is improved and the microstructure is homogenous for different thickness thin films and high gamma irradiation doses. The epoxy resins thin films proved to be an excellent material in different applications requiring low, tensile strength, high elasticity, low wear resistance and moderate thermal resistance especially in manufacture insulators.

Does the Effect of Irradiation Dose Vary Between Flies Selected and Non-selected to Resist Desiccation? The Case of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae).

The sterile insect technique (SIT), used to control different species of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an important element in sustainable agriculture because of its low negative impact on the environment. In SIT, flies are mass produced and sterilized in the laboratory and then released in a target area. However, once released, laboratory flies may confront harass environments that would reduce their performance and consequently SIT efficiency. Selecting flies that resist stressful conditions may help to improve the efficiency of the SIT by releasing males that resist desiccation, for example, ensuring, thus, their survival in environments with low relative humidity. However, the selection process may affect the resistance of flies to the stress of sterilization, since some life history traits are affected. Here, we studied the effect of irradiation on Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) desiccation resistant flies (DR) compared with nonselected flies (NS). We measured the effect of gamma irradiation dose (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 Gy) on sterility (males and females) and quality parameters (emergence, flight ability, survival, and male sexual performance) in A. ludens adults of the DR and NS (control) strains. Our results indicate that irradiation affected equally the sterility of adults of both strains. None of the quality parameters differed between strains. The only difference was that DR flies survived longer than control flies. Thus, flies that are resistant to desiccation can be used in the SIT without altering the current process of irradiation and packing.

The effect of chemical commitments with exposure to gamma irradiation dosage and save time on test attraction and pullet limits of HDPE pack

This study aims to determine the effect of gamma irradiation doses and time of storage on the mechanical properties of HDPE packaging plastics, and to apply gamma irradiation techniques to improve the mechanical quality of materials, especially plastic-based products. Packaging plastic is the most popular packaging material used, many businesses choose plastic as packaging for their products Research Place for Polymer laboratories, Isotopes and Radiation Technology Application Centers, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Pasar Jumat, South Jakarta and Mechanical Test Laboratory of the faculty of Engineering, UHAMKA Pasar Rebo, East Jakarta. To determine the resistance of packaging plastic to gamma irradiation, the effect of gamma irradiation dosage and storage time on the mechanical properties of HDPE plastic packaging were carried out. The research will be conducted with Cobalt-60 gamma radiation sources at irradiation doses of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 kGy with a dose rate of 6 kGy / hour, then some irradiated plastic footage is stored at room temperature for 0 and 5 weeks. The mechanical properties tested were yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break using the strograph R1 tensile test tool. Gamma irradiation caused yield strength, tensile strength and elongation in the A brand HDPE packaging plastic increased from 0 to 5 kGy, then decreased by 5.31% at a dose of 10 kGy and then continued to increase to a dose of 25 kGy. The optimum increase occurred from doses 15 to 20 kGy, as much as 12.00%. For plastic B, the breakout extension (Eb) continues to increase as the irradiation dose increases to 30 kGy. The optimum Eb increase occurs from a dose of 0 to 5 kGy, at 9.80%. Increased mechanical properties are caused by free radical species formed during the irradiation process, so that a cross-bond is formed between HDPE plastic packaging molecules. While the decrease occurs due to the weakening of the cross bond between the HDPE packaging plastic molecules.

Reduction of Acrylamide Formation In Potato Chips By Gamma Irradiation and Some Pretreatments Processing

This work aims to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation doses (0, 3, 5 and 7 kGy), soaking in citric acid (0.5 and 1%) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) (1 and 2 %) at 30 and 60 min on the formation of acrylamide in potato chips. The treated potato slices were fried at 185 ± 5oC for 6 -7 min in an electric fryer with palm oil. The untreated potato chips had higher acrylamide content than the treated potato chips. The highest level of acrylamide was found in the samples containing the highest reducing sugars; followed by those contained the moderate level of reducing sugars and the highest level of asparagine. The chemical composition of the chips was determined at zero time and after cold storage at 4 ±1oC for 30 and 60 days of potato tuber. Furthermore, changes were noted in the percentage of reducing sugars, asparagine content and acrylamide concentration after the cold storage periods. The results showed that the formation of acrylamide depend on the frying condition and chemical composition of the samples in particular on the sugar and asparagine content. Moreover, these results indicated that use of soaking in 2% calcium chloride and 1% citric acid for 60 min may reduce the formation of acrylamide. Meanwhile, irradiation dose at 5 kGy was the best dose for reducing acrylamide formation.

Effect of gamma irradiation on seed germination and plant growth parameters of three rice varieties cultivated in Sri Lanka

Development of rice varieties using induced mutation has seldom been applied in Sri Lanka. This study was carried out to determine the effect of gamma irradiation doses on seed germination and different plant growth parameters of three rice varieties in Sri Lanka. Two hundred grams of seeds of three rice varieties (Bg 94–1, Bg 1165–6, Suwandal) were irradiated varying doses of 200, 300 and 400 Gy using 60Co Gamma Cell Irradiator facility at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) laboratories Seibersdorf, Austria. The experiment was designed as split plot with three replications and conducted at the plant house of Rice Research and Development Institute, Batalagoda. The effects of gamma irradiation on seed germination and different plant growth parameters were evaluated (radio sensitivity testing). With the increase in gamma doses, seed germination, seedling emergence, seedling height, root length, and plant survival in the field were declined. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed between different varieties in seedling height, root length and percentage of field survival. Gamma irradiation showed significant (P<0.05) negative correlation with seed germination (–0.52), seedling emergence (–0.54), seedling height (–0.54), root length (–0.50) and field survival (–0.42). Percentage of survival in the field was the least affected while the percentage reduction was 8.56. The most efficient and optimum dose to induce rice mutation of the varieties under investigation is within the range of 200 – 300 Gy. More pronounced adverse effect was observed for all the growth characters at the highest dose in all three varieties. Increasing doses above 400 Gy caused severe morphological damages to the rice plants and increased doses of gamma irradiation have a negative correlation with germination and other parameters of plant growth. A comprehensive study should be carried out to determine the optimum doses for different rice varieties that could be useful in rice varietal improvement programmes in Sri Lanka.

Determination of physical properties of irradiated PTFE fibers using digital holographic microscopy

A method that depends on digital holographic microscopy (DHM) was suggested for studying the effect of gamma irradiation doses on the physical properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibres. The PTFE samples were exposed to different doses of gamma irradiation ranging from 3 to 40 kGy. These samples were fast monitored using a DHM based on a Michelson interferometer. The holographic pattern generated across the recording domain of the DHM was used for extracting the optical path differences (OPD) within the samples under test. From the OPD, the optical and the physical variations of irradiated fibers were characterized by determining their refractive indices, birefringence, orientation function, 3D refractive index profile, and crystallinity. It was found that optical parameters were increased by increasing the doses of gamma irradiation until 10 kGy, while these values decrease at doses 25 kGy and 40 kGy. Also, the crystallinity results showed the improvement of its values by gamma irradiation results in the crosslinking of PTFE fibres by irradiation.

Effect of gamma irradiation doses in the structural and functional properties of mice splenic cells

Purpose: Ionizing radiation is nowadays effectively used in cancer treatments. However, the effect of irradiation in immune-system cells is poorly understood and remains controversial. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of γ-irradiation in the structural and functional properties of mice splenic cells.Materials and methods: Structural traits of irradiated splenic cells were evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Functional properties were measured by gene and protein expression by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. The induced cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT assay and the phagocytic capability by flow cytometry.Results: Membrane roughness and molecular composition of splenic adherent cells are not changed by irradiation doses exposure. An increase in transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed. While protein expression decreased in IL-2 dose-dependent, relevant differences were identified in the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 at 27 Gy. An increase of cytotoxicity in irradiated cells at 7 Gy and 27 Gy doses was observed, while phagocytosis was slight increased at 7 Gy dose but not statistically significant.Conclusions: We have demonstrated that γ-irradiation affects the splenic cells and changes the cytokines profile toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype and a tendency to increase the cytotoxicity was found, which implies a stimulation of immune response induced by γ-irradiation.

Effect of gamma irradiation dose on the structure and pH sensitivity of ITO thin films in extended gate field effect transistor

Abstract Even though several studies have demonstrated the use of Indium Tin Oxides (ITO) as an extended gate field effect transistor (EGFET), the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on the intrinsic properties of the ITO films has not been considered. This study investigates the effect of gamma irradiation on the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties as well as pH sensitivity (as an extended gate field effect transistor) of ITO thin films. ITO thin films with thickness of 400 nm were prepared using a radio frequency sputtering technique. The samples were then subjected to various doses of gamma radiation from a Co-60 radio-isotope (0.5 kGy, 1 kGy, 1.5 kGy, and 2 kGy). The structural and morphological changes as well as transmission and absorption of the thin films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and UV–Vis spectrophotometry, before and after irradiation. The irradiated ITO thin films were then used as an extended gate field effect transistor to determine its ability to improve sensitivity as pH sensors. The grain size and transmittance in the range 300–900 nm of the ITO films were found to decrease with increasing gamma irradiation dose. In contrast, the uniformity and surface roughness of ITO thin films increased with increasing gamma radiation dose due to the formation of lattice defects. Moreover, the electrical resistance of the thin films increased with increasing dose because of the low current density and high number of surface defects associated with irradiation. The pH sensitivity of the ITO thin films improved after irradiation, possibly due to the concomitant increase in surface roughness with increasing radiation dose. The improvements in the pH sensitivity of ITO thin films after irradiation justify their potential use as pH sensors.

Determination of gamma irradiation effects on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content in wheat brans and endosperms using HPLC\FLT analysis

An HPLC system equipped with a fluorescent and UV detection was deployed to determine the concentrations of 16 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bran and endosperm of wheat grains before and after gamma irradiation treatments. Wheat grains were subjected to 0, 5, 10 and 15 kGy doses of gamma irradiation and concentrations of PAHs extracted from control and treated tissues were determined. Results demonstrate that accumulation of PAHs was significantly higher in wheat bran (293.1 µg × kg−1) than that observed in endosperms (61.4 µg × kg−1). This indicates that PAHs traceability and contamination via an atmospheric exposure is likely compared with other possible sources of a soil origin for instance. The effect of gamma irradiation dose was more effective on grain endosperm with a reduction percentage of about 92% (15 kGy) for ∑16 EPA PAHs. PAHs reduction in both tissues of studied wheat grains increased along with the applied dose of gamma irradiation.

Enhancing mechanical properties of prevulcanized natural rubber latex via hybrid radiation and peroxidation vulcanizations at various irradiation doses

ABSTRACTAt present, there are three popular vulcanization processes being used in natural rubber latex industries, which are sulfur, radiation and peroxide vulcanization. Sulfur vulcanization produced products with superior mechanical properties compared to radiation and peroxide vulcanization. This paper discussed the effect of gamma irradiation dose on hybrid radiation and peroxidation vulcanizations in improving the mechanical properties of radiation vulcanized natural rubber latex (RVNRL). Latex compounding formulations are developed based on 2.5 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) as the sensitizer, 0.1 phr of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHPO) as the co-sensitizer and 2.5 phr of Aquanox LP antioxidant. The RVNRL was prepared and irradiated at various gamma radiation doses of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 kiloGray (kGy). The rubber film obtained from irradiation at 6 kGy had tensile strength, modulus @ 500% and modulus @ 700% of 27.0, 3.0 and 11.0 MPa, respectively, which is more than 37% increment compared to the control film. Besides, the crosslink percentage of the rubber film showed 4% increment from 90% to 94%.

Chemical quality and nutrient composition of strawberry fruits treated by γ-irradiation

Postharvest quality losses of fruits and vegetables during storage are global horticultural problems. This study evaluates the effect of gamma irradiation doses (0, 300, 600 and 900 Gy) on quality parameters and phytochemical content of strawberry fruits during storage periods at 10 °C. The data revealed the irradiation significantly reduced the fruits weight loss and decay rate at storage periods; in comparison with control (unirradiated sample) which gave the maximum value of these quality parameters. Neither radiation treatment nor storage period had significant effect on titratable acidity and pH of fruits. All treatments decreased vitamin C levels during storage but the anthocyanin contents increased gradually during the storage period and reached its highest values near the end of the storage period. Strawberry fruits treated with 600 Gy had the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity followed by 300 Gy. Irradiation stimulated the biosynthesis of some phenolic compounds such as, pyrogallol, gallic, catechol, chlorogenic and ellagic acid.

Synthesis of polyaniline films: case study on post gamma irradiation dose

The effect of gamma irradiation dose in the range of 1–10 kGy is investigated on the structural, optical and electrical properties of the polyaniline -emeraldine salt (PANI-ES) thin films deposited on the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate by spin coating technique. X-ray diffraction patterns show that all deposited PANI films have an amorphous character. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the emeraldine salt form of deposited PANI films. The analysis of UV–Vis spectrophotometer indicates a decrease of transmittance intensity and optical band gap with increase of gamma irradiation dose while Urbach energy increases. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra show a strong peak at 429 nm due to transition from polaron band to π band in PANI structure which its intensity and peak area increase with irradiation dose increase. Electrical measurement shows that the resistivity of prepared films linearly increases with rise of gamma dose suggesting its possible application as gamma dosimeter in the studied range.