Effect Of Fiber Size Research Articles

Physico-Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Fibers Reinforced Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Composites: Effects of Fiber Size and Fiber Content

Physico-Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Fibers Reinforced Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Composites: Effects of Fiber Size and Fiber Content

Physico-Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Fibers Reinforced Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Composites: Effects of Fiber Size and Fiber Content

Physico-Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Fibers Reinforced Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Composites: Effects of Fiber Size and Fiber Content

Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Cassava Starch/Coconut Fibre Composites: Effect of Fibre Size

This research aims to study the thermal and mechanical properties of biodegradable thermoplastic cassava starch (TPCS) reinforced with various sizes of coconut husk fibre (CHF). The range of fibre sizes used was 125, 200, and 300 μm. These CHFs were integrated into a thermoplastic cassava starch matrix to make bio-composites. After integrating all components, the bio-composites were hot-pressed at 155°C for 60 minutes to produce thermoplastic sheets. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out to examine the mechanical characteristics of TPCS/CHF composites. The samples were also characterised using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The findings demonstrated that a smaller 125 μm CHF improved the mechanical properties higher than other fibre sizes. Fibre with 300 μm showed more voids, which led to lower material strength. TGA results showed that 300 μm fibres enhanced the crystallinity and thermal stability of the material. FTIR and TGA showed that CHF incorporation increased intermolecular interactions and thermal stability. Overall, a smaller fibre size of 125 μm showed a better reinforcement effect than the larger fibre sizes, which enhanced the materials’ tensile and flexural properties. This study demonstrated that modified TPCS/CHF has shown enhanced functionality than neat TPCS.

PREPARAÇÃO DE BIOCOMPÓSITO À BASE DE AMIDO TERMOPLÁSTICO REFORÇADO COM FIBRAS DE EUCALIPTO: AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO DO TAMANHO DAS FIBRAS NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS E DE SORÇÃO

PREPARATION OF BIOCOMPOSITE BASED ON THERMOPLASTIC STARCH REINFORCED WITH EUCALYPTUS FIBERS: EVALUATION OF FIBERS SIZE EFFECT ON MECHANICAL AND SORPTION PROPERTIES. This study investigated the preparation of a thermoplastic starch-based (ATP) biocomposite reinforced with eucalyptus fibers (FE), focusing on how fiber size affects the properties. The natural fibers were chemically processed using alkaline and bleaching treatments of eucalyptus bark. Subsequently, they were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate alterations in fiber composition and crystalline structure. Samples of biocomposites were prepared with a fixed fiber content (20 wt.%) and variations in particle size (dp): ATP/FE600 (600 μm ≤ dp < 1180 μm), ATP/FE250 (250 μm ≤ dp < 600 μm), and ATP/FE75 (75 μm ≤ dp < 250 μm). The samples were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, mechanical tests, moisture absorption, and swelling analysis. Results indicated significant effects of fiber size on the biocomposite properties. Notably, the larger fibers present in ATP/FE600 exhibited superior tensile strength and elastic modulus, while this sample demonstrated reduced moisture absorption and swelling tendencies. Microscopic images revealed enhanced matrix-fiber adhesion in ATP/FE600, highlighting the importance of proper fiber size. The optimization of fiber size emerges as a relevant strategy for improving the mechanical attributes and mitigating moisture/water absorption tendencies in starch-based thermoplastic biocomposites, contributing to sustainable and high-performance materials.

Rheological assessment of metakaolin‐based geopolymer composites through squeeze flow

AbstractGeopolymer (GP) composites show great potential as a replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in construction material, extrusion‐based, and additive manufacturing. The rheological properties of highly viscous and reinforced systems have not yet been well studied, due to limitations in the current state of the art rheometers and viscometers, such as size and torque limits. In this study, the basic rheological properties of highly reinforced, geopolymer composites with potential for 3D printing are innovatively investigated with “squeeze flow” and “flow table” tests commonly used in civil engineering. Squeeze‐flow rates of 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 mm/s were assessed with varying sand weight percentages or basalt fiber lengths and compared to a conventional OPC mixture to differentiate the flow properties and deformation resistance of both materials. It is shown that the deformation resistance as a result of jamming increases with increasing solid reinforcement percentages, but that the overall effect of fiber size is somewhat inconclusive. In addition, the effect of squeeze‐flow rate exhibits an increase in load required to initiate flow at lower squeezing rates, but, upon reaching a certain ratio of solids to liquid in the matrix, the results become variable.

Study on the Strength of Stainless-Steel Fiber Rein-forcement Concrete

Abstract: Stainless steel fibers have been used as reinforcement in concrete for several decades. These fibers have excellent corrosion resistance, high strength and ductility, and can improve the overall mechanical properties of concrete. The use of stainless steel fibers in concrete can improve the toughness, flexural strength, and impact resistance of the material, making it ideal for use in harsh environments or high-stress applications. This paper reviews the recent research on the use of stainless steel fibers in concrete, including the effects of fiber size, shape, and content on the mechanical properties of the material, as well as the potential benefits and limitations of using stainless steel fibers in concrete.

Enhancing the toughness of bonding interface in steel-UHPC composite structure through fiber bridging

Using Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) to replace normal strength concrete (NSC) can greatly reduce the weight of steel-concrete composite structures. However, the bonding interfaces between steel and UHPC in composite structures are prone to brittle failure, and the introduction of ductile fibers can effectively enhance the interfacial toughness. In this study, helical fibers and steel wire mesh fibers were stably embedded in UHPC and epoxy matrix to prepare the steel-UHPC bonding specimen. The interfacial shear properties were studied based on a modified direct shear test method, and the effects of fiber size, fiber number, and fiber direction were considered. Meanwhile, the interfacial properties of bonding specimens with two types of ductile fibers were compared with those of epoxy direct bonding interface and quartz sand particle embedded interface. The results indicated that the toughness enhancement of steel wire mesh fiber on the bonding interface of steel-UHPC composite structure is the best among all interfaces, and its maximum fracture energy Gτ is 25.5 times that of epoxy direct bonding interface. Meanwhile, the toughening mechanism of steel wire mesh fiber on steel-UHPC interface is highly related to its arrangement direction. The interface failure began with the shear fracture of steel wire mesh fiber and ended in the failure of epoxy matrix, when the steel wire mesh was transversely arranged. Only tensile fracture of steel wire mesh fiber occurred, and the failure of the epoxy matrix was not observed when the steel wire mesh was longitudinally arranged. Finally, the shear capacity calculated by the proposed model based on two toughening mechanisms showed good agreements with the experimental results. The feasibility of fiber bridging to enhance the toughness of bonding interface in the UHPC-OSD system is confirmed via the finite element analysis.

Effect of Fibre Size on Mechanical Properties and Surface Roughness of PLA Composites by Using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)

Effect of Fibre Size on Mechanical Properties and Surface Roughness of PLA Composites by Using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)

Sound absorption behavior of repurposed waste fibers: Effects of fiber size, density, and binder concentration

The following research presents the development of natural fiber-based nonwovens as a potential substitute for acoustic materials commonly made of synthetic and mineral fibers and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) which deals with the effect of fiber size, density, and binder content in the sound absorption coefficient of such materials. The characterization of the fibers showed the potential of denim fibers, which could easily outperform fique and coir, which was later confirmed in the acoustic tests. The analysis of variance showed that density and fiber size had a significant effect on the sound absorption coefficient. Denim nonwovens presented a sound absorption comparable to glass fiber-based materials, thus, demonstrating the technical potential of natural fibers to replace traditional materials.

Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds from regenerated PET fibers based on the headspace gas chromatograph

AbstractThe emission behaviors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be characterized by the key parameters: the initial concentration (m0), partition coefficient (K) and the diffusion coefficient (D). The MHE‐GC method was validated to determine the emission characteristics of VOCs (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, P‐xylene, M‐xylene, Styrene, and O‐xylene) in regenerated PET fibers. This work has studied the effects of fiber size, sample weight incubation time and incubation temperature on the detection of these VOCs. It showed finer fiber sample with less sample facilitated the emission of VOCs in fibers above detectable limit. The optimized headspace incubation time, fiber sample weight, and headspace incubation temperature were selected as 60 min, about 0.8 g and 110 °C, respectively. In addition, incubation temperature has a negative effect on the gas/fiber partition coefficient. The fibers with greater fineness showed higher activation energy, which revealed a positive release of VOCs from fibers. The relative standard deviation (RSD/%) of detection was 3%–10%. The present method is reliable and suitable for use in testing of the VOCs content in fiber‐related materials.

Exploring the effect of basalt fibers on maximum deviator stress and failure deformation of silty soils using ANN, SVM and FL supported by experimental data

Because the experimental trials in civil engineering field are difficult and time-consuming, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques is attracting considerable attention, with their use enabling successful results to be more easily obtained. In this study, we investigated the effect of fiber size, fiber amount, water content, and cell pressure on maximum deviator stress (MDS) and failure deformation (FD) of basalt fiber (BF)-reinforced, unsaturated silty soils using three AI techniques: the artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and fuzzy logic (FL). The numerical analyses and experiments were conducted using varying amounts (1, 1.5, and 2%) and lengths (6, 12, and 24 mm) of BF, and a total of 180 samples were prepared for the detailed investigation. In order to compare model performances, R2 and MAPE goodness-of-fit metrics were used. The experimental results revealed that the addition of BF generally increased the MDS of the soils, which corresponds to the shearing resistance. According to AI models result, FL outperformed the SVM and ANN, with a R2 value of 0.938, especially in FD prediction. The sensitivity analysis was performed to ascertain the effect of the inputs on the MDS and FD response variables. Results revealed that fiber length and cell pressure have substantial influence in MDS estimations.

Influence of Size and Orientation of 3D Printed Fiber on Mechanical Properties under Bending Stress

The principle of FFF/FDM (Fused Filament Fabrication/Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printing technology is the melting and application of a continuous fiber made of thermoplastic material, according to predefined routes on the substrate. A layer is created on which other layers are placed until the object is finished. It is the orientation of these fibers that greatly affects the resulting mechanical properties. Therefore, the printed object behaves orthotropic. The material does not blend perfectly or evenly between the individual fibers, which is why the resulting strength is limited by adhesion. Within the fibers themselves, it is also its dimension that affects the size of the contact surface and therefore the effect of adhesion. This contribution aims to compare the effect of fiber size in a given direction and its rotation in 3-point bending according to the standard ČSN EN ISO 178. The maximum bending load force was obtained and the bending stress and modulus of elasticity were determined. The influence of layer cohesion on the failure of the specimens is compared. One of the other important studied aspects for the effective production is the printing time of each specimen.

Elaboration and Characterization of a Plaster Reinforced with Fibers from the Stem of <i>Cola lepidota</i> for Industrial Applications

Current environmental and eco-design issues require the use of environmentally friendly materials. These make up a large share of the building materials market. Natural fibers are already used in various types of materials, such as plastics, concrete and lime-based products. They exhibit different attributes like the right combination of mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties, allowing these types of materials to be used for different applications. The main disadvantage associated with plaster is its fragility, especially under mechanical stress. Therefore, it becomes interesting to study different methods that could improve the mechanical properties of plaster. The addition of fibers to the plaster to obtain a composite material is already recognized as a means of improving the behavior of the product, in particular after the rupture of the matrix. The aim of this work was to study the effects of the addition of natural fibers from the stem of Cola lepidota (CL), on the physical properties and the mechanical behavior of the composite matrix. This study highlights the effects of fiber size and volume fraction. It has been shown that the mass of composites decreases as the percentage and length of fibers increases. The mechanical properties of composite materials are also discussed. Even at low addition rates, CL stem fibers achieved slightly higher values of flexural properties.

Debonding simulation of fibre-matrix interfaces of FRP composites with reactive force field

This paper presents a study on all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of fibre–matrix interfaces in fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, with a focus on the effect of fibre sizing. The reactive force field ReaxFF was used in the simulations. The sizing treatment was found to significantly increase the interface toughness while has little effect on the peak stress of fibre–matrix interface. The characteristics of the fracture surfaces and the scission of C-O bonds observed in the simulations are consistent with pervious experimental observations. The developed modelling method opens up a new avenue of investigating the deterioration mechanism of FRP under combined mechanical-chemical-thermal actions.

Effect of fiber size of straw on properties of straw board

The fiber and powdered reed straw fibers of different sizes were pretreated with 2% NaOH solution at 180°C and 6MPa for 8min. The straw board without adhesive was prepared by hot pressing. The surface morphology, energy spectrum analysis, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the straw board were studied. The experimental results showed that the surface Si content of straw was significantly increased by alkali activation pretreatment, and the mechanical properties of straw board were significantly improved. The static bending strength (MOR), elastic modulus (MOE) and internal bonding strength (IB) were significantly increased, while the water absorption and expansion rate (TS) were significantly decreased. Compared with fibrous straw board, the fiber bond of straw board made from powdered straw is more compact, its mechanical properties are improved greatly, and its water absorption and expansion rate are reduced obviously.

Effect of fiber size, cyclic moisture absorption and fungal decay on the durability of natural fiber composites

This research investigated the effect of different lignocellulosic fiber sizes and additives on the durability of wood plastic composites (WPCs) after water absorption/desorption. WPCs were prepared by blending wood flour (20, 80, 120 mesh) with polypropylene (PP). Polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (MA) and zinc borate (ZB) were added in the formulation to improve the properties of the WPCs. Our results show that the fiber size significantly affects moisture absorption and that the damage accumulates during the cyclic absorption tests and affects the mechanical properties. WPCs with finer wood particulates absorbed less moisture. Adding MA helped maintain the modulus and reduced the moisture absorption of the WPCs during cyclic moisture absorption tests. Because ZB may dissolve in water during the moisture absorption experiment, the addition of ZB did not retard a fungal attack. Although cyclic moisture absorption reduced the mechanical properties, it did not enhance the fungal attack.

Effect of Fiber Sizing on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Reinforced Composites: A Review

Present study focuses on the carbon fiber sizing and their effect on overall mechanical properties of composites. Fiber sizing are one of the most important component in the manufacturing of composites. As the sizing are so much of importance in the manufacturing and development of composites which governs mechanical properties such as strength and stiffness. In this review some of the important articles are referred from the widely dispersed literature. This review covers the sizing effect, adhesion between fiber and matrix and characterization of composites

Strength improvement of adhesively bonded single lap joints with date palm fibers: Effect of type, size, treatment method and density of fibers

In this paper, natural fibers and particles provided from different parts of date palm trees are considered to improve the static strength of adhesively bonded joints. Some influencing factors such as type, size, alkaline treatment and the weight ratio of the natural fibers/particles are the parameters that have been experimentally studied. The date palm fibers are provided from four parts of the tree including Mesh, Rachis, Petiole and Bunch. In order to investigate the effect of treatment of the fiber surface, the raw fibers and treated fibers with two different concentrations of aqueous NaOH solution were considered. To study the effect of fiber size, fibers with different sizes including short fibers (0.5–2 mm) and long fibers (30 mm) were separately added to the adhesive. To find the best weight ratio of the fibers corresponding to maximum joint strength, single lap joints with three different weight ratios of date palm fibers (2, 5 and 10%) were experimentally tested. The results show that date palm fibers significantly improve the strength of adhesively bonded joints. For example, the strength of adhesive single-lap joints reinforced by 2 wt% of Rachis fiber treated with 6 wt% NaOH solution, increased by 140%. To investigate the micromechanisms of failure, the fractured surfaces were analyzed. The results show that the date palm fibers can improve the strength of adhesive joints by slowing down the crack propagation, absorbing energy and load endurance.

The effect of fiber size on tensile characteristics of natural-fiber-reinforced composites

Composite materials are extensively used in a wide range of applications. Natural-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites play a dominant role in the field of composites. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the effect of fiber size on the tensile properties of natural-fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The composite was fabricated by solution-casting technology using jute, coir and banana fibers, varying the fiber ratio as 3, 2 and 1% (weight/weight) and varying the fiber length as 10, 5 and 1 mm. Taguchi’s design of experiments was followed to study the mechanical characteristics of samples by recording Young’s modulus, modulus of resilience and yield stress through tensile tests. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of distinctive parameters on the tensile properties through main-effects plots, contour plots and regression equations. It was concluded from the results that the epoxy/jute sample showed good tensile characteristics followed by the epoxy/coir sample. The epoxy/jute sample, with 10 mm size and 3% fiber ratio, exhibited the highest Young’s modulus of 3568 MPa.

Mechanical properties of short basalt fibre reinforced polypropylene and the effect of fibre sizing on adhesion

The focus of this study was to investigate the potential of short basalt fibre (BF) as reinforcement for polypropylene (PP) and the effect fibre sizing has on adhesion and resultant mechanical properties. Short fibre PP composites were manufactured at fibre loadings of 10, 20 and 30 wt% using fibres coated in multi-purpose epoxy based sizing and four experimental PP tailored sizings. SEM image analysis of polished composite cross-sections showed that dispersion was independent of what matrix the fibre sizing was designed for. Fibre length distribution showed the final fibre length of BF was larger than glass fibres in PP composites, which is attributed to its higher abrasive resistance. DSC revealed in general basalt does not influence the crystallinity of PP but some sizings resulted in a 2–3%increase, however, BF increases onset crystallisation temperature by ~3 °C. Tensile and flexural properties of PP can be significantly increased by up to 64% (tensile strength) and 110% (tensile modulus) through the addition of short BF with properties increasing as fibre content increases; however the impact strength simultaneously decreases. Mechanical properties were highly dependent on fibre sizing, where fibres indicating good adhesion provided the greatest increase in tensile and flexural strength but resulted in lower impact strength. Analysis of the fibre-matrix interface highlighted the significant effect sizing has on interfacial shear strength where improvements of 117% were evident. This study highlights the potential of BF as an effective reinforcement for PP while enforcing the importance and advancements of fibre sizing on promotion of adhesion.