Effect Of Fertilizer Use Research Articles

Grain supply–demand in countries along the “Belt and Road” from 1993 to 2021: spatiotemporal evolution, match, security and driving mechanism

IntroductionThe grain supply-demand balance is a long-standing concern for many countries and is essential to guaranteeing social stability, maintaining economic development and ensuring national grain security.MethodsBased on the data of 65 countries along the “Belt and Road” (B&R) from 1993 to 2021, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution, the matching relationship, regional grain security situation and driving factors of grain supply-demand by measuring and classifying the grain self-sufficiency rate using methods such as geostatistical analysis and the GTWR model.ResultsThe results indicated the following: (1) The B&R region was still at the primary stage of “food-based and feed-supplemented”. Grain supply and demand in the B&R region showed a steady upward trend, with grain yield contributing more to grain supply than sown area. (2) Overall, the B&R region has been largely self-sufficient since 2007, with grain supply meeting demand, but the level of grain self-sufficiency varied considerably between countries. (3) More than 58% of the countries were in grain insecurity, concentrated in West Asia-Middle East and South-East Asia. The gravity center of both grain supply and demand was near East Asia. (4) In terms of matching supply-demand, most countries fell into the category of high supply-high demand and low supply-low demand, with basically the same level of grain supply and demand. (5) Grain yield had the largest positive impact on grain supply-demand, GDP had the largest negative impact, and temperature change and precipitation change had a relatively small effect. The effects of fertilizer use, grain yield, and GDP on grain supply-demand fluctuated greatly over time.DiscussionThese findings can provide a scientific basis for the country to formulate policies for a sustainable grain supply-demand system.

Hunger or Illness? a trade-off on fertilizer use

Although fertilizer can help alleviate hunger, it can also lead to disease. Using data from the National Fixed-Point Survey spanning from 1998 to 2017, we aimed to determine the impact of fertilizer use on healthcare costs. Our findings indicate that a ten percent increase in fertilizer use is responsible for a 0.63 percentage point rise in medical service fees, which translates to a staggering $678 million in medical expenses. Through an analysis of the various channels of pathogenic exposure, we discovered that food crops and drinking water are the primary sources of contamination. This implies that different rural environments, including fertilizer types, villages, terrain, and water sources, can exacerbate the negative effects of fertilizer use. Our research underscores the need for policymakers to consider compensating farmers who suffer from fertilizer pollution and incur health-related losses.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Pupuk pada Produksi Cabai Keriting di Desa Toriki Kecamatan Anggaberi Kabupaten Konawe

This study aims to determine the purpose of this study is to determine the Effect of Fertilizer Use on the Production of Curly Chili in Toriki Village, Anggaberi District, Konawe Regency. The location of this study is in Toriki Village, Anggaberi District, Konawe Regency. The number of samples in this study was 12 farmers. To complete the research objectives using Multiple Linear Regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the Use of SP 36 Fertilizer, manure, NPK Pelangi fertilizer and NPK Mutiara fertilizer have a positive and significant effect on the Production of Curly Chili in Toriki Village, Anggaberi District, Konawe Regency. This can be seen from the value of the use of SP 36 fertilizer (X1) of 2.654 with a significance level of t of 0.025 which is smaller than α = 5%, where (0.025 <0.05). The use of manure (X2) is 3.112 with a significance level of t of 0.012 smaller than α = 5%, where (0.012 < 0.05). The use of NPK Pelangi fertilizer (X3) is 2.224 with a significance level of t of 0.011 smaller than α = 5%, where (0.011 < 0.05). The use of NPK Mutiara fertilizer (X4) is 3.143 with a significance level of t of 0.035 smaller than α = 5%, where (0.035 < 0.05).

The effect of fertilizer use on organic melon plants quality

Fertilizer is one of the important factors in plant cultivation, including melon plants. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fertilizer use on the quality of organic melon crops. This study used an experimental design. Data in this study were collected through observations of several parameters that measure the quality of melon plant growth results. These parameters include flowering age, harvest age, stem diameter, fruit weight per plant, fruit flesh thickness, and taste test. Data obtained from observations were processed by statistical analysis, including analysis of variance, and further tests were carried out using the Honest Real Difference (BNJ) test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that the interaction between the use of Mutiara NPK fertilizer and Fortune liquid organic fertilizer showed no significant effect on all observation parameters. However, when considered separately, both Mutiara NPK fertilizer and Fortune liquid organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the observation parameters. Pearl NPK fertilizer significantly influenced all observational parameters, including flowering age, harvesting age, stem diameter, widest leaf area, fruit circumference, fruit weight per fruit, and fruit flesh thickness. The best treatment was observed when Pearl NPK was applied at 5 grams per plant. On the other hand, the main factor of using Fortune liquid organic fertilizer affected the parameters of flowering age, harvesting age, and widest leaf area. The best treatment in terms of liquid organic fertilizer was the application of Fortune at 8 ml per liter of water.

Evaluating the Heterogeneity Effect of Fertilizer Use Intensity on Agricultural Eco-Efficiency in China: Evidence from a Panel Quantile Regression Model.

Chemical fertilizer is one of the most important input factors in agricultural production, but the excessive use of fertilizer inevitably leads to the loss of agricultural eco-efficiency (AEE). Therefore, it is necessary to explore the impact of fertilizer use intensity (FUI) on AEE. However, ordinary panel regression, based on the assumption of parameter homogeneity may yield biased estimation conclusions. In this regard, a panel quantile regression model (QRM) was constructed with the provincial panel data of China from 1978–2020 to test the difference and variation of this impact under heterogeneous conditions. The model was then combined with the spatial econometric model to explore the effect of the spatial lag factor. The results are as follows: (1) The QSM has unveiled a great improvement space for AEE that remains low overall, despite displaying a rising trend; the highest AEE is in the eastern region. (2) The FUI has a significant negative effect on AEE with the rise in quantiles, this negative effect tended towards weakening overall, although it rebounded slightly; it was stronger in areas with low AEE. It is necessary to consider the heterogeneous conditions in comparison with the average treatment effect of ordinary panel econometric regressions. (3) The impact of FUI shows significant variability in different economic sub-divisions and different sub-periods. (4) After considering the spatial effect of fertilizer use, the negative influence on local AEE had a faster decay rate as the quantile rose, but could produce a positive spatial spillover effect on AEE in neighboring areas. Local governments should dynamically adjust and optimize their fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement policies according to the level and development stage of their AEE to establish a complete regional linked agroecological cooperation mechanism.

Increased tree growth following long-term optimised fertiliser application indirectly alters soil properties in a boreal forest

It is well established that nutrient addition influences ecosystem features such as productivity, carbon storage, soil acidification and biodiversity. Less studied are long-term effects of sustained fertiliser application on forest soil characteristics and nutrient supplies, and especially direct and indirect mechanisms underlying changes. We investigated effects of 3 decades versus 1 decade of optimised fertiliser application on soil properties and nutrient supplies in a 30-year-old nutrient optimisation experiment in a Norway spruce plantation in northern Sweden. We tested for direct and indirect effects of fertiliser use through structural equation models and correlations among tree and soil variables. Results showed that soil characteristics, especially organic carbon and nutrient concentrations, were significantly affected by 10- and 30-year fertiliser application. Soil C/N was similar for the short-term versus controls, but decreased for the long-term versus short-term treatment. Although not explicitly measured, it was clear from our analyses and earlier studies at the site that litter accumulation played a key role in explaining these changes in soil properties, while foliar stoichiometry data suggest long-term effects of litter quality. Nutrient supply rates increased more after 30 than 10 years of fertiliser application. Summarized, we showed that the interplay of direct and indirect effects can yield nonlinear patterns over time, as exemplified by soil C/N. Furthermore, we conclude that lagged, indirect effects of fertilisation through altered litter quantity and quality dominate changes in soil characteristics in this forest. These soil characteristics have further relevance to nutrient availability, suggesting that nutrient optimisation can influence soil fertility also indirectly.

Profitability of fertilizer use in pineapple production in Benin

With a contribution of 4.3% to agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) behind cashew (7.4%) and cotton (25%), pineapple has become the third export crop in Benin. However, its yields are still below the potential. Sub-optimal potassium/nitrogen (K/N) ratio in fertilizer use is leading to low fruit quality and limited market outreach. Therefore, an experimental research project was implemented to determine an optimal fertilizer usepractice. This paper compares the profitability of the best experimental fertilizer use practice with that of farmers’ practices using relevant indicators. Experimental and socioeconomic data were collected from 89 randomly selected pineapple growers among 5381 growers in Ze district. The findings revealed that fertilizer use had a positive marginal effect on pineapple production with both practices. Most importantly, the experimental practice was 2-3 times more profitable than farmers’ fertilizer use practice and could be recommended. The rate of pineapple’s response to fertilizer almost doubled from 13.42 kg fruit/kg fertilizer with farmers’ practices to 23.07 kg fruit/kg fertilizer with the experimental practice. While the profit rate of pineapple production was almost the same (86%) without fertilizer use in both practices, it rather increased more than 2-fold with the experimental practice, reaching 290% against 121% with farmers’ practices. Fertilizer use therefore enabled pineapple production profitability to increase from 39% with farmers’ practices to 238% with the experimental practice. This practice doubled the marginal effect of fertilizer use and doubled the classic value/cost ratio. However, farmers cannot yet harvest the promised gold as only 1% among them presently apply that high-dose best practice. Labour availability and costs for fractioning the optimum dose over the crop’s growing cycle remains a challenge. Further, pineapple’s high perishability is another challenge which calls for building strong value chains to enable growers readily direct their harvests to more rewarding markets. Further research is still needed to factor those constraints’ alleviation into determining the “real” or affordably relevant optimal doses of fertilizer on pineapple in poor farming settings as the Ze district of Benin. Growers’ perceptions on innovative practices and their own financing strategies will be critical to foster the adoption of improved fertilizer use technologies and boost agricultural productivity in Benin. In the meantime, access to credit and offfarm activities are likely to enable a larger adoption of the optimal dose. Key words: fertilizer use, pineapple production practices, adoption, marginal profit, value-cost ratio, poverty reduction

Estimating the effect of mineral fertilizer use on Land productivity and income: Evidence from Ghana

Soil infertility is a major challenge that leads to high levels of food insecurity and poverty. Soil infertility has led to the introduction of fertilizer subsidy programs (FSP) across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to increase fertilizer use. However, poor targeting, lack of effective coordination, and within-country and cross-border leakages have the diminished program’s impact. In addition to the subsidy program, integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) has been widely promoted under the Soil Health Project (SHP) by the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) to increase sustainable food production. This paper provides empirical evidence regarding the impact of mineral fertilizer adoption on land productivity and agricultural income among rice farmers in Ghana. Adoption of mineral fertilizer is influenced by access to off-farm income, years of farming experience, residential status of a farmer, total farm size, use of fallow methods of soil management, and household size. Employing endogenous switching regression and propensity score matching methods and using farm household survey data from northern Ghana, we find that mineral fertilizer use significantly increases land productivity and agricultural income by 55% and 30%, respectively. Our results suggest positive welfare effects of fertilizer use, thus supporting the need to increase farmers’ access to mineral fertilizer by eliminating the bottlenecks with respect to input into the subsidy program to ensure that fertilizers are released to farmers on time and applied in a timely manner to fields to improve overall soil fertility and increase sustainable food production.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PUPUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PADI SAWAH

The use of fertilizers with the right amount could increase the growth and yield of lowland rice. This research aims to determine the effect of fertilizer use on the growth and yield of lowland rice. The experiment was conducted on the farmers field in Sungai Lareh, Koto Tangah District, Padang City of West Sumatera Province, from July to December 2009. Research used Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. The treatments tested were: (A) Urea + KCl, (B) Urea + SP36, (C) Urea + SP36 + KCl, (D) without fertilizers (as control). The dosages of fertilizer were: 150 kg Urea, 100 kg SP36, and 75 kg KCl per hectare. The results showed that the use of a complete fertilizer (Urea + SP36 + KCl), or combination of Urea + KCl, or combination of Urea + SP36 had a significant effect on the growth and yield compared to without fertilizer treatment. The use of Urea + KCl resulted about 5.04 t/ha dry grains harvest (DGH) or increased grain yield as much as 14.03%, and the use of Urea + SP36 gave the results as much as 5.69 t/ha DGH or increased grain yields as much as 28.73%, and use of a complete fertilizer Urea + SP36 + KCl gave the results 6.13 t/ha DGH or increased yields about 38.69%. Whereas, without fertilized gave only grain yield as much as 4.42 t/ha DGH.

Effects of fertiliser use and pre-sowing seed stimulation with a magnetic field on the mineral content and yield of three varieties of sugar beet roots

Effects of fertiliser use and pre-sowing seed stimulation with a magnetic field on the mineral content and yield of three varieties of sugar beet roots

Reversible effects of fertilizer use on population trends of waterbirds in Europe

Nutrients are often limiting primary productivity, and fertilizer use by agriculture increases primary and secondary productivity in marine environments. High levels of eutrophication due to fertilizer use can have negative effects on the distribution and the abundance of many organisms including waterbirds inhabiting freshwater and marine wetlands. Because nutrients, in particular phosphorus, can be stored in sediment, reversal of effects of eutrophication can take considerably longer time than the period during which effects of eutrophication build up. We quantified the effects of fertilizer use on 50 species of freshwater and coastal waterbirds monitored across Europe during 1982–2008 during the increase and the decrease phase of fertilizer use. More species were negatively affected by fertilizer use, and use of marine habitats during winter was the single-most important predictor of negative trends. The relative effect of fertilizer use on abundance of waterbird species was consistent during the increase and the decrease phase of fertilizer use. The effects of fertilizer use were statistically independent of the effects of climate change. Reversal of the effect of fertilizer use on population trends of waterbirds was almost three times as slow as the build-up of effects of nutrients on population size. These findings have management implications for the extent and the duration of fertilizer policies at local, national and international levels since these policies will partly determine the population trends and the population sizes of waterbirds.

Fertilizer Leakage to the Marine Environment, Ecosystem Effects and Population Trends of Waterbirds in Denmark

Leakage of nutrients from farmland to freshwater and marine environments results in fertilization that increases primary production with cascading effects in the ecosystem. Leakage of fertilizers may initially increase availability of food for primary and secondary consumers, although part of this effect may subsequently be followed by a reduction in food abundance caused by hypoxia. We hypothesized that leakage of nutrients from farmland increased primary and secondary production and subsequently the population size of waterbirds. The amount of phosphorus in the marine environment in Denmark during 1975–2010 increased with fertilizer use on farmland and this effect was stronger when winter precipitation was high. Leakage of fertilizer had ecosystem effects on phytoplankton, zooplankton, and ultimately biodiversity in the marine environment. We found linear relationships between fertilizer use and population size of breeding and wintering waterbirds, with additional quadratic relationships with fertilizer use and linear effects of temperature. The linear effect of fertilizer use depended on the diet of waterbirds with stronger effects in herbivorous and piscivorous species than in species eating benthos. These findings have implications for management of waterbird populations because a reduction in fertilizer use should result in increasing populations of herbivores and piscivores.

Interaction of local and landscape features in the conservation of Hungarian arable weed diversity

Question: How do local and landscape management contribute to weed diversity in Hungarian winter cereal fields? Location: Central Hungary. Methods: Vascular plants were sampled in 18 winter cereal fields along an intensification gradient according to nitrogen fertilization, in the first cereal rows (edge) and in the interior part of the fields. Weed species were divided into groups according to their residence time in Central Europe (native species, archaeophytes, neophytes) and nitrogen preference (low to medium, LMNP, and high, HNP species). The percentage of semi-natural habitats was calculated in the 500 m radius circle. Effects of fertilizer use, transect position and semi-natural habitats were estimated by general linear mixed models. Results: We recorded 149 weed species. Fertilizer had a negative impact on the species richness of archaeophytes and LMNP species, and on the cover of native weeds. There was greater species richness and weed cover at the edge of the fields than in the centre. A higher percentage of seminatural habitats around the arable fields resulted in greater total species richness, especially of archaeophytes and LMNP species. We found an interaction between the percentage of semi-natural habitats and transect position for species richness of archaeophytes and LMNP species. Conclusions: Reduced use of fertilizers and a high percentage of semi-natural habitats would support native and archaeophyte weed diversity even in winter cereal fields, while large amounts of fertilizer may promote invasion of neophytes. However, the beneficial effect of the semi-natural habitats and greater species pool on the arable flora may prevail only in the crop edges.

Functional analysis of fertiliser use on chickpea (Cicer arietinum) farms: A case study from Turkey

Fertiliser use in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) grown under dry conditions was analysed from an economic point of view. In addition, a simple relationship between output (amount of chickpea) and inputs (fertiliser cost, pesticides cost, chickpea production area, labour, and amount of seed) was determined. The Tokat province of Turkey was chosen as the research area because it was the main chickpea production area. To study the effects of fertiliser use on chickpea production, 74 farmers were randomly selected and surveyed. Research findings were as follows: (1) gross and net profit was negative for the fertiliser user group and non‐fertiliser user group; (2) lack of technical knowledge and high input prices were the main reasons for unbalanced fertiliser use by farmers; (3) chickpea production area and fertiliser cost were the most important factors affecting chickpea production; (4) chickpea production was little effected by labour; (5) amount of seed and total pesticide cost were not significant in the model; (6) farmers should increase average chickpea production area to use resources efficiently.

Mengel, K. and Kirkby, E. A. Principles of plant nutrition

That this text book is now in its fifth edition clearly shows the strength of its content and presentation, and its relevance to the scientific community, which should include all those interested in plants and their growth. There are 20 chapters. The first is an overview of definitions and processes which are considered in much greater depth later. Then follow substantial chapters on ‘The Soil as a Plant Nutrient Medium’, ‘Nutrient Uptake and Assimilation’, ‘Plant Water Relationships’ and ‘Plant Growth’ and ‘Crop Production’. These are the basic stuff of any such text and a number of books orientated to soil and plant processes cover them. They are well presented, clear and in considerable detail. The sixth chapter deals with fertilizer application and so is more practical, but very much based on the scientific concepts developed earlier. The effects of fertilizer use on the environment are also considered. This text provides, in the widest terms, a clearly developed, objective and balanced assessment of the current views in the subject of plant nutrition, which one might say is now in its mature phase. Twelve major plant nutrients are considered separately in sections of different length: nitrogen (34 pages), sulfur (15), phosphorus (24), etc, and there is discussion of elements which are of less importance and those with toxic effects in two further parts. So coverage of the potential subject matter is excellent. There is a good index, and extensive coverage of the literature (130 pages, perhaps 2400 citations), grouped into ‘General Reading’, related clearly to each chapter, and then ‘References’. One aspect of the book which I particularly like is that the literature covers a considerable period, as might be expected of its long history (constant regeneration), allowing the development of the subject to be appreciated. However, it may be too much to expect many to have the time to read and follow such detail. Mainly English language literature is cited, with some in German and French (with titles translated into English). Perhaps more recent literature is somewhat neglected: presumably the literature was finished in about 2000. However, this is not crucial as the book takes a more long‐term view of the topic as required, I suspect, by most of the potential readership (some undergraduates on advanced courses; researchers and professionals in many areas) who need to understand the interactions between plants, environment and nutrients. From the point of view of readers, and particularly students, the emphasis on integration of physico‐chemical and plant physiological principles and processes is well achieved and an important feature. The approach is largely descriptive, based on many examples from the literature, which are well discussed with good illustrations, tables of data and equations. Sufficient quantitative analysis is included so that most readers will be able to see the point but not be put off. Those requiring more exact analysis are directed to the literature. SI units are used throughout (so no ppm—thank goodness) but it is a pity that the explanation (page 10) using ‘130 parts of Mn (weight) per 1,100,000 parts (weight) dry matter’ was not correct. Biochemical mechanisms are nicely presented and clarify why nutrients are required. In the case of N, the link with synthesis of proteins, etc., is made, of course, but there was opportunity to make more of it in discussing the efficiency with which N is used by plants and particularly by crops. Here the modelling aspects could have been usefully expanded. Another currently very important research area that is largely not considered is molecular genetics and plant adaptation to nutrition. Given the current emphasis on this in research and teaching (and the tendency in some circles to reject work which does not include it), there is a danger that this book will not reach the audience that would benefit. However, the book provides a rich feast so readers should be well satisfied by the menu, and demanding additional dishes may be greedy. Unfortunately it is an expensive meal for individuals to purchase, and it may then compete with other similar texts on the topic. On scientific grounds and its information content, I recommend this well‐tested and substantial text to the potential readership; it should be available in all central libraries.

Fertilizer-induced nitric oxide emissions from agricultural soils

We summarize and evaluate 23 studies of the effect of fertilizer use on nitric oxide (NO) emission from agricultural soils. To quantify this effect we selected only field-scale studies with duration of at least one complete growing season and excluded studies with a legume as the principle crop. Only 6 studies met the established criteria, resulting in a total of 12 observations of soil/crop/fertilizer combinations, all in temperate areas. For these studies, the amount of NO emitted was linearly related to the amount of fertilizer applied (R2 = 0.64) and about 0.5% of applied nitrogen was emitted as NO during the crop growing season. The available data are too limited to separate the effects of fertilizer type, soil type, or crop management.

Effect of fertilizers on human environment in Bulgaria

Data are quoted in the article from the studies on the effect of fertilizer use in the recent 10 years on the quality of drinking water. Results are also given from some experiments on the overcoming of nitrate accumulation in plant tissue of lettuce and forage maize. There has been established that balanced nutrition decreased nitrate content in the plants.

Effects of Fertilizer Use on Barley in Northern Manitoba

Effects of Fertilizer Use on Barley in Northern Manitoba