Effect Of Feed Supplementation Research Articles

The effect of feed Supplementation with Cannabis sativa on the Growth rate and Development of Broiler Chicks

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of broiler feed supplementation with dry powdered Cannabis sativa on the growth performance of broiler chicks. A total of 25 day-old broiler chicks of similar weight were randomly divided into five equal groups (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). Each group having 5 chicks. Dry ground Cannabis sativa powder were added to the feed of groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the rate of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% respectively per kg of feed, while group 1 served as control. The studied parameters were body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR). After an experimental period of 28 days, the data were analyzed statistically. It was revealed from the results that feed intake and body weight gain was significantly higher (P<0.05) in group 5 compared to the control. FCR was significantly better in birds of group 5 compared to controls. Return per chick (in Naira) was lower in group 5 compared to group 2, 3 and 4 (P<0.05) due to the high cost of Cannabis sativa. It was concluded from these results that feed supplementation with Cannabis sativa has a remarkable impact on the growth rate and development of broiler chicks but may not be the best of option due to its restriction and cost Keywords: Broilers, Cannabis sativa, Feed intake, Weight gain, FCR.

Effect of feed supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid in regio- and enantiopure triacylglycerols on gut metabolome and microbiota in rats

Docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3), DHA] plays an important role in human physiology including gut health. This research aimed to investigate the impact of positional distribution of DHA in dietary triacylglycerols (TAG) on gut metabolomic profile and microbiota. In the 4-week feeding trial, the Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on an n-3 deficient feed supplemented with TAG containing DHA at the sn-1, 2, or 3 position and palmitic acid at the remaining positions. Three groups receiving standard n-3 adequate feed, n-3 deficient feed, or n-3 deficient feed supplemented with tripalmitin were included as controls. The gut metabolome was studied using LC–MS-based non-targeted metabolomics, and microbiota profiles were investigated by 16S rRNA sequencing. Compared to the n-3 adequate diet, four-week feeding on the n-3 deficient diet affected the fecal pyrimidine metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and arginine and proline metabolism. Feeding with DHA-containing TAGs, especially TAG with DHA at sn-3 position, increased the level of N5-Carboxy aminoimidazole ribonucleotide related to purine biosynthesis and dimethylbenzimidazole involved in vitamin B2 biosynthesis. N-3 deficient diet lowered the abundance of the genus Alistipes and the species Bacteroides massiliensis in the gut microbiota. Compared to the n-3 deficient groups, feeding with DHA-containing TAGs decreased the abundance of species Prevotella sp. CAG: 1031, and feeding with sn-2 DHA resulted in an increase in the abundance of Bacteroides fragilis and a decrease in the abundance of Faecalibacterium sp. CAP 74. This is the first study showing that dietary DHA from different positions of TAG may affect gut metabolites and microbiota differently.

Effect of Feed Supplementation with Liquid and Powdered Probiotic Yogurt on the Lipid Profile of Chicken Egg Yolk

Effect of Feed Supplementation with Liquid and Powdered Probiotic Yogurt on the Lipid Profile of Chicken Egg Yolk

Effects of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus fruit bean powder in feed as a growth activator on the zootechnical performance of Oreochromis sp (red Tilapia) fry in concrete tanks

This study focused on the effect of feed supplementation with Afrostyrax lepidophyllus fruit bean powder on some zootechnical performances of Oreochromis sp (red tilapia) fry in concrete tanks. 360 monosex fry of Oreochromis sp with an average weight of 1.95 ± 0.34g were divided into 12 happas, including 30 subjects per happa in triplicate in a completely randomized system for four food rations. TS (Imported Skreting feed), T0 (feed without supplement), T(0.1%F) (feed containing 0.1% A. lepidophyllus fruit bean powder), T(0.2%F) (food containing 0.2% fruit bean powder of A. lepidophyllus). These feeds were distributed 4 times a day to the fry at a regular time interval of 3 hours including 7 a.m., 10 a.m., 1 p.m. and 4 p.m. the fry were fed at 11% of their biomass for one month and then at 10% for six weeks. The analysis of variance showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the survival rates (97.66 ± 1.02%-98.66 ± 0.90%) but a trend on the rise in favor of feeds supplemented with the spice. Live weight (19.37 ± 0.47), average weight gain (16.96 ± 0.47), total length (7.80 ± 0.04), daily weight gain (0.22 ± 0.01g/d), the specific growth rate (9.12 ± 0.25g%/d) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) with fry fed with feed supplemented at 0.2 % fruit beans of A. lepidophyllus (T0.2%F) compared to the fry fed with the feed without supplement (T0) but significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to the values ​​recorded with the fry fed with the feed imported feed Skreting (TS). The feed conversion ration was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected regardless of the treatment considered. Total length was significantly (p < 0.05) higher with fish fed imported feed (TS) and feed supplemented with 0.2% A. lepidophyllus fruit bean powder compared to treatments. Fed with feed without supplement (T0) and with feed supplemented with 0.1% of this spice (T0.1%F). The significantly higher feed cost of production (p < 0.05) was recorded with the treatment fed imported feed Skreting (TS) compared to the other treatments which were also comparable to each other for this parameter. The condition factor K was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the treatments. The supplementation of 0.2% of A. lepidophyllus bean powder in the feed can advantageously be used to improve the zootechnical performance of Oreochromis sp fry in the pre-fattening phase.

Effect of feed supplementation with seaweed wracks on performance, muscle lipid composition, antioxidant status, digestive enzyme activities, and plasma biochemistry of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles

Macroalgal wracks are frequently considered as waste products. However, macroalgae are a rich source of protein and bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities whose inclusion in aquafeeds is receiving growing attention. The aim of this study was to assess the use of beach-cast macroalgae as dietary supplement for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. Fish were fed for 93 days with an extruded commercial diet (CD); a CD supplemented with 7% of a dried-powder from a multispecific macroalgal wrack (30.9% Lobophora sp., 21.9% Dictyota sp., 19.6% Asparagopsis taxiformis, 17.5% Cymopolia sp., 1.8% Hypnea sp., 0.2% Laurencia sp., 0.1% Stypocaulon sp., and 8% not determined) (CD+MU7); a CD supplemented with a monospecific macroalgal wrack of 85% Lobophora sp. (CD+MOL7); and a CD supplemented with a monospecific macroalgal wrack of 85% Dictyota sp. (CD+MOD7). Macroalgae were extracted with n-hexanes, ethyl acetate and ethanol, and the antioxidant capacity of extracts was assessed, with ethyl acetate leading to the most active extracts (p < 0.05). The dietary inclusions of a 7% macroalgal wrack did not negatively affect S. aurata survival, growth, body indexes, proximate composition, oxidative status and plasma parameters. Contrarily, fish fed on CD+MU7 and CD+MOD7 showed the highest monoacylglycerols content, while both monospecific diets led to the highest total saturated fatty acids content in muscle (p < 0.05). The digestive enzymes profile was slightly modified (p < 0.05), but without compromising fish performance. Finally, muscle from fish fed on CD+MOL7 seemed to display a better capacity to modulate the glutathione metabolism (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a 7% of macroalgal wracks can be used as a dietary supplement for S. aurata juveniles, depicting an attractive alternative for the effective harnessing of this usually discarded biomass. Macroalgal inclusion may also reduce the use of fish-based ingredients for aquafeeds, diminishing the pressure on pelagic fisheries, and contributing to the blue bioeconomy strategy.

Effect of Feed Supplementation with Probiotics and Antimicrobial Agents on Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens

Background: This study was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing probiotics and antimicrobial agents on the meat quality of broiler chickens. Methods: A complete randomized design was used and 90 male chickens were randomly assigned to five treatments which were replicated 3 times with each replicate having 6 chickens. The treatments had the same nutrients (20% CP and 12MJ/kg) but different supplementation levels of the probiotics and antimicrobial agents. Result: Antimicrobial and effective microorganism supplementations did not have any effect (p greater than 0.05) on feed intake, growth rate and live weights. A significantly lower (p less than 0.05) feed conversion ratio was observed with supplementation of the antimicrobial. Blood glucose levels were optimized at an effective microorganism supplementation level of 29.00 ml of EM/l of drinking water. Supplementation with 100 ml of EMs per litre of drinking water reduced significantly (p less than 0.05) the pH of ileum. Effective microorganism supplementation level of 85.00 ml per litre of drinking water optimized the crop pH value. Antimicrobial and effective microorganism supplementations did not have any influence (p greater than 0.05) on live weight, carcass weight, breast weight, drumstick weight ad thigh weight. Similarly, antimicrobial and effective microorganism supplementations did not have influence on meat tenderness, juiciness and flavour. There were no antibiotic and effective microbe residues in the meat. It is, therefore, concluded that effective microorganism supplementation did not have much effect on production parameters, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Ross 308 broiler chickens.

Effect of feed supplementation with probiotics and postbiotics on strength and health status of honey bee (Apis mellifera) hives during late spring

Currently, beekeeping faces many risks, such as deteriorating health of honeybees in hives, which results in high mortality rates, mainly during winter. An important consequence is the emergence/re-emergence of communicable diseases such as varroosis or nosemosis. These diseases jeopardize the continuity of the sector because of the absence of effective treatments and harmful residues that they can be retained on wax or honey. This study aimed to evaluate how feed supplementation with probiotic and postbiotic products derived from lactic acid bacteria affected the strength, dynamic population, and sanitary parameters of honey bees. Three groups of 30 hives were established and fed with feed supplemented with control, probiotic, or postbiotic products, with a total of nine applications over two months in late spring. Two monitoring tests were conducted to evaluate the strength and health status of hives. Hives that consumed postbiotic products enhanced their strength, increased bee population and egg laying of the queen, and maintained their reserves of pollen, whereas these parameters decreased in hives belonging to other groups. Furthermore, although the results suggested a favorable effect of postbiotic products on the trend of N. ceranae infection levels, probiotics showed intermediate results. While awaiting long-term results regarding V. destructor infestation, which showed similar trends in all groups, feed supplementation with postbiotics could be an important tool for beekeepers to enhance the strength and health status of their hives.

The effect of feed supplementation with zinc glycine chelate and zinc sulphate on hepatic proteome profiles in chickens

One of the most important factors influencing production outcomes in poultry farming is optimal balancing of the feed ration in terms of macro- and micronutrients. Zinc is an essential trace element that increases metabolic processes. The natural components of poultry feed do not contain sufficient zinc, or even contain numerous factors limiting its absorption, which necessitates supplementation of feed with this element. The purpose of the study was to identify proteins synthesized in the liver of chickens fed a diet supplemented with zinc in the form of sulphates and a glycine chelate; to determine differences in the expression of these proteins; and to describe the peptide profile of hepatocytes in chickens. A total of 900 1-day-old male Ross 308 chickens, assigned to 5 dietary treatments, were used in the experiment. The experimental groups received a basal diet + zinc in inorganic and organic form and a phytase supplement. The material for analysis comprised samples of liver and serum. The zinc concentration in serum and tissues was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The liver lipid profile was estimated by the gravimetric method. A complete proteomic analysis of liver samples included protein separation by two-dimensional electrophoresis, plotting of a protein map illustrating the proteome of the liver, statistical analysis, and identification of statistically significant proteins by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The results of the study demonstrate that organic and inorganic forms of zinc used as feed additives for chickens not only affect the concentration of this element in the liver, but also have a systemic effect by altering the expression of proteins. A complete proteomic analysis of liver samples made it possible to identify eight proteins whose expression depended on the type of supplement added to the feed. The results clearly indicate that bioavailable zinc administered in the form of glycine chelates affects processes stimulating synthesis of ApoA-I, β2-MG, protein-disulphide-isomerase, neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK, and alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 in the tissues of chickens. Supplementation of poultry feed with zinc in both sulphate and chelated form caused changes in the expression of the protein yippee-like 4 and histone H1.1. A high concentration of prolyl endopeptidase protein in the liver of birds receiving zinc sulphate was also observed. In conclusion, supplementation of poultry feed with zinc chelates modifies the expression profiles of proteins involved in intracellular transport, the cell cycle, metabolism, and the immune response.

Effects of Lactobionic Acid on Pig Growth Performance and Chemical Composition of Pork.

Simple SummaryCurrently, due to different beneficial properties of lactobionic acid (calcium absorption, prebiotic, antioxidant, and preservative) it may find application in animal feed. However, data about its effect on animal husbandry product quality are limited. Common interest about the effect of feed supplements on pig growth performance and the chemical composition of pork is growing, which is important for farmers, meat processors and consumers. The feed supplemented with lactobionic acid promotes better utilization of feed in the digestive tract of pigs, resulting in a higher bioavailability of nutrients and a significant increase of pig live weight gain. Pork obtained from pigs fed with lactobionic acid supplemented feed had higher essential amino acid content. Fatty acid composition revealed slightly higher proportion of saturated fatty acids over unsaturated fatty acids. Further analysis of fatty acid composition indicated that the control group had better nutritional quality of fat.Lactobionic acid is an innovative product obtained in the fermentation process of cheese or curd whey, and it has several beneficial properties. Therefore, it may have potential application in animal feeding. Currently, lactobionic acid is not widely used yet in feeding farm animals. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of lactobionic acid (LBA) on pig growth performance and pork quality. Two groups of pigs (control and trial, 26 piglets each) were completed. The control group received compound feed, whereas the trial group’s feed was supplemented with LBA (0.17 kg per 100 kg of feed). Carcass weight and meat pH were determined. The subcutaneous fat layer S (mm) was measured. Lean meat content was determined using the SEUROP classification. Amino acids and fatty acids in pork were evaluated. The addition of LBA to pig feed significantly increased the live weight gain and slaughter yield of pigs, but the samples had a slightly thicker backfat layer. Results obtained showed higher concentration of amino acids in the trial group but slightly lower pork fat quality in the same group. Lactobionic acid has the potential for applications in pig feeding.

Effect of feed supplementation through multi nutrient feed block (MNFB) on milk production, composition and reproductive behaviour of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) – A field study in Arid Rajasthan

The Buffalo rearing is adopting faster rate in arid region of Rajasthan due to its multifaceted utility for both milk and meat. Despite of better management practice are adopted for buffaloes, they also depend upon grazing and poor quality of fodder to meet out their total dry matter intake. The concept of balanced feed with respect to mineral and vitamins are not aware by farmer’s community. Thus, the alternative low cost balanced feed was adopted in buffaloes under field condition to augment the milk production with optimum reproductive efficiency. MNFB was developed at feed technology unit of CAZRI, as solidified block of wheat bran, guar meal, dolomite, -minerals and vitamins mixture powder, salt, molasses and urea solution. The study evaluated feeding effect of multi-nutrient feed block on milk production and reproduction performances of lactating buffaloes. The Buffaloes under treatment were divided randomly into two groups and assigned to two dietary treatments under village condition. After calving, all the buffaloes in treatment group were dewormed with albendazole 3 gms and feeding of MNFB 2 blocks (2 kgs each)/week for 3 months during March to May. The control group received diet containing bajara (Pearl millet) kuti, dry grasses, crushed cotton and til (sesame) cake. Milk production, peak milk yield were increased highly significant. Fat percentage was significantly increased. All Observations were monitored as per format. In reproductive performances were like sign of oestrus, conception and post partum reproductive complication 90%, 86.6% and 0.06% in treatment group and 70%, 60% and 30% in Control group respectively. It was concluded that MNFB feeding improved milk yield, milk fat, general health status and reproductive performance of buffalos, as it is a good source of protein, energy, and minerals. It is recommended that MNFB should be used as a supplementation in lactating buffaloes when they area fed with low quality fodder in arid and semi arid region.

Effect of Feed Supplement Containing Dried Kratom Leaves on Apparent Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, Serum Antioxidants, Hematology, and Nitrogen Balance in Goats

The objectives of the present study were to examine the influence of supplementation with dried kratom leaf (DKTL) on the performance, hematology, and nitrogen balance in goats. Four 12-month-old male crossbred (Thai Native x Anglo Nubian) goats with an initial body weight (BW) of 24.63 ± 0.95 kg were allocated randomly to receive four different levels of DKTL using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The DKTL was added to a total mixed ration (TMR) diet with doses of 0, 2.22, 4.44, and 6.66 g/day to investigate the treatment’s efficacy. The DKTL was high in secondary metabolites, including mitragynine, total phenolics, total tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. There were quadratic effects on total DMI in terms of kg/day (p = 0.04), %BW (p = 0.05), and g/kg BW.75 (p = 0.02). DKTL increased apparent digestibility with quadratic effects (DM; p = 0.01, OM; p = 0.01, CP; p = 0.04, NDF; p = 0.01, and ADF; p = 0.01). The pH value was within the rumen’s normal pH range, whereas NH3-N and BUN concentrations were lower with DKTL supplementation, and also reduced cholesterol (CHOL, p = 0.05) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, p = 0.01). The protozoa population decreased linearly as DKTL levels increased (p &lt; 0.01), whereas Fibrobacter succinogenes increased quadratically at 0 h (p = 0.02), and mean values increased linearly (p &lt; 0.01). The average value of acetic acid (C2) and methane production (CH4) decreased linearly (p &lt; 0.05) when DKLT was added to the diet, whereas the quantity of propionic acid (C3) increased linearly (p = 0.01). Our results indicate that DKTL could be a great alternative supplement for goat feed. We believe that DKTL could provide opportunities to assist the goat meat industry in fulfilling the demands of health-conscious consumers.

Dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant isolates of Salmonella spp. in wild boars and its relationship with management practices.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern and controlling its spread is critical for the effectiveness of antibiotics. Members of the genus Salmonella are broadly distributed, and wild boar may play an important role in its circulation between peri-urban areas and the environment, due to its frequent interactions both with livestock or human garbage. As the population of these animals is rising due to management on certain hunting estates or the absence of natural predators, the aim of the present work is to identify the mechanisms of AMR present and/or expressed in Salmonella spp. from wild boar populations and to determine the possible role of management-related factors applied to different game estates located in central Spain. The detection of Salmonella spp. was carried out in 121 dead wild boar from 24 game estates, and antimicrobial resistance traits were determined by antibiotic susceptibility testing and screening for their genetic determinants. The effects of feeding supplementation, the proximity of livestock, the existence of a surrounding fence and the density of wild boar on the AMR of the isolates were evaluated. The predominant subspecies and serovar found were S. enterica subsp. enterica (n=69) and S. choleraesuis (n=33), respectively. The other subspecies found were S. enterica subsp. diarizonae, S. enterica subsp. salamae and S. enterica subsp. houtenae. AMR was common among isolates (75.2%) and 15.7% showed multi drug resistance (MDR). Resistance to sulphonamides was the most frequent (85.7%), as well as sul1 which was the AMR determinant most commonly found. Plasmids appeared in 38.8% of the isolates, with IncHI1 being the replicon detected with the highest prevalence. The AMR of the isolates increased when the animals were raised with feeding supplementation and enclosed by fences around the estates.

The Effect of Feed Supplementation on Cow Milk Productivity and Quality: A Brief Study

Milk and milk products are an important source of food that provides nutritional energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins of high quality. Feed supplementation could be an excellent way to improve nutrient digestibility and absorption in dairy cattle, resulting in higher milk output and productivity by addressing the cow's nutritional needs through a feeding schedule. Whatever improvements in the genetic makeup of local dairy cows, they only account for about 30% of productivity; the remaining 70% depend on nutrition, appropriate supplementary diet, and other factors management. Supplementing diverse kinds of feedstuffs and giving a well-adjusted diet has a major effect on milk yield and productivity, but not on milk quality. However, milk production efficiency affects milk quality because of the efficiency of nutrient absorption as described by the ingestion of dry matter. The ability to maximize milk productivity can be determined by the ingredients formulated in the feed supplement. However, local milking cows are minimal milk outcomes since the shortage of nutritional quality and unavailability of feed, if smallholders use appropriate supplementation of different feeds and improve the nutritive values of feeds for dairy cows, the production, productivity, and quality of milk from dairy cattle should increase as well.

Effect of Feed Supplementation with Bacillus coagulans on Nrf Gene Family Expression in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) under Long-Term Exposure to Cd2+

Nuclear factor-E2-related factor (Nrf) belongs to the Cap ‘n’ collar basic leucine zipper (CNC-bZIP) family, which plays an important role in the resistance to oxidative stress in the body. In this study, 12 Nrf genes were identified in the common carp genome database. Comparative genomic analysis showed that the Nrf genes of common carp had significant amplification, confirming that the common carp had experienced four genome-wide replication events. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all common carp Nrf clustered with scleractinian fish Nrf, indicating that they were highly conserved during evolution. In addition, tissue distribution results showed that most Nrf genes had a broad tissue distribution but exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns, demonstrating functional differences after WGD events. At 30 and 60 days of Cd2+ stress, most of the Nrf genes showed an increase in expression compared with the control group, indicating that they played a key role in the organism’s response to oxidative stress. To find a suitable concentration of Bacillus coagulans to activate the Nrf genes, we added three different concentrations (2.0 × 107 CFU/g, 2.0 × 108 CFU/g, and 2.0 × 109 CFU/g) of B. coagulans into the feed and defined them as L1, L2, and L3 groups, respectively. We investigated the effect of different concentrations of B. coagulans in the feed on the expression level of Nrf genes in the intestine of common carp under Cd2+ stress at 30 and 60 days. The results showed that, compared with the control/stress group, the expression of different Nrf genes was improved to varying degrees at three concentrations, and the effect of the L2 group (2.0 × 108 CFU/g) was the best. This suggests that the L2 group is the optimum concentration for activating Nrf gene expression when subjected to heavy metal Cd2+ stress and may act as an activation switch with a prominent role in the body’s resistance to oxidative stress and immune response.

Effect of Feed Supplement with Fermented Maize (Ogi) Powder on Egg-Laying Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)

Effect of Feed Supplement with Fermented Maize (Ogi) Powder on Egg-Laying Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)

Effect of feed supplementation through Neem (Azadirachta indica) tulsi (Ocimum canctum) and mentha (Mentha piperita) leaf powder on growth of broiler chicks

The experiment was conducted at the Livestock Production and management unit, Department of N.R.M Faculty of agriculture MGCGV Chitrakoot - Satna M.P. To complete the research work following steps were followed. Day old 75 broiler chicks (DOC) of same hatch were produced and reared in Deep Litter system. The chicks were weighed, leg banded and distributed randomly into five groups of 15 chicks each as treatment. Chicks of each treatment were further divided into three sub groups of five chicks in each in Randomized Block Design ( RBD). Chicks of each sub group were accommodated comfortably in Deep litter system providing 1sq. ft./ chick. Chicks were fed standard starter ration upto 2 weeks age (1 to14 days) and then broiler finisher ration upto 2 weeks (15-28 days). An experiment was conducted with DOC to 75 broilers chicks divided into five groups To T1, T2, T3 and T4 which were supplemented with Neem, Tulsi, Mentha powder @ 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g and 2.5g/kg of broiler ration, respectively. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight, weekly gain in weight, weekly feed consumption and feed conversion of birds for four weeks. Based on the result of the experiment, it may be concluded that feed supplementation with Neem, Tulsi, and Mentha powder significantly influenced the body weight, gain in body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency of broiler chicks. Based on feed intake and feed efficiency, the best performance of broilers was obtained with feed followed by 2.5g Neem 2.5g Tulsi 2.5g Mentha powder (T4). Treatment T3 was economically superior over all other treatments and control.

Genetic structure of egg crosses and effect of feed supplement on egg production

Genetic structure of egg crosses and effect of feed supplement on egg production

Effect of feed supplements on milk production in cattle

Effect of feed supplements on milk production in cattle

Effect of feed supplementation with effective microorganisms (em) bokashi onhepatopancreas and gut histology, growth performance, and survival rate of freshwatercrayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823)

A sixty-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary effective microorganisms (EM) Bokashi on organ histology, growth performance, and survival rate of freshwater crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823). Bokashi serum and powder consisted of two major microorganisms as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spp. plantarum and Lactobacillus plantarum. Four treatment groups were established in control (without bokashi), bokashi powder 1% and 5% supplemented to diets. Bokashi serum was added at a ratio of 0.01% (v/v) of the total volume of the tank water once a week into which there was a constant flow of fresh water at a flow rate of 1.2 L min$^{-1}$. The crayfish were fed ad libitum with treatment diets for 60 days. The results showed that there was no significant difference in growth performance among the groups, but survival rates were significantly different between groups (p < 0.05). As a result of the microscopic examination of the intestine, pathological changes such as inflammatory cell infiltrations in the interstitial tissue, and lack of B, F, and R epithelial cells were found in the groups that were supplemented with bokashi while the control group exhibited normal tissue histology. As a result of this study, the addition of nonindustrial bokashi to crayfish diets had no effect on growth. In addition, nonindustrial bokashi products supplementation to crayfish diets caused severe pathological findings in hepatopancreas and

Effect of Feed Supplementation with Clostridium butyricum, Alone or in Combination with Carob Meal or Citrus Pulp, on Digestive and Metabolic Status of Piglets.

Simple SummaryDuring the intensive production of weaned piglets, frequent digestive disorders need to be avoided, as it is a critical phase; however, there are limitations to using antibiotics and ZnO at high levels. In this study, we investigate the inclusion of a probiotic (Clostridium butyricum) in combination with sources of fiber that might have a potential prebiotic effect, generating an optimal digestive status for weaned piglets. A trial is carried out using 30 post-weaning piglets for 27 days using five dietary treatments: a negative control, a positive control with high levels of ZnO, and three dietary treatments supplemented with Clostridium butyricum (alone or in combination with carob meal or citrus pulp). Supplementation with this probiotic could improve the piglets’ intestinal wellness status by increasing butyric acid, without being altered by the inclusion of carob meal or citrus pulp at 5%, obtaining digestibility values comparable with those realized by the incorporation of high levels of ZnO in the diet. In addition, carob meal could decrease the concentration of serum interleukin-8 (a type of pro-inflammatory cytokine). However, a growth performance trial of piglets in commercial conditions needs to be developed to confirm these effects.This work studied the effects of the inclusion of Clostridium butyricum on feed, alone or with carob meal or citrus pulp, on the digestive and metabolic status of weaned piglets. A total of 30 male piglets (weaned at 21 days) is used. There are five dietary treatments: negative without ZnO at high doses (C−), a positive control supplemented with ZnO at 2500 ppm of Zn (C+), supplemented with Clostridium butyricum as a probiotic (PRO), and supplemented with probiotic and 5% carob meal (PROC) or 5% citrus pulp (PROP). During the experiment (27 days), the piglets were periodically weighed and sampled for a serum biochemical, fecal microbiological, intestine histological, and digestive status analysis. The body weight, apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter (DM), and fecal microbiology were not affected by the treatments (p ≥ 0.05). However, the apparent fecal digestibility of DM was lower for the C− treatment than for C+ (p < 0.05), and the total concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in feces with C+ was lower than that for the PROC treatment (p < 0.05). The treatments with the probiotic had a higher molar proportion of butyric acid in feces than C+, and it was found that C− reached an intermediate value (p < 0.01). No general effects of diet were found on the histological measures performed on the jejunum and ileum, and in the serum biochemical analysis (p ≥ 0.05), only the concentration of interleukin-8 was lower for the PROC treatment compared to the C−, C+, and PRO treatments (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the intestinal wellness of piglets could be improved with the supplementation of Clostridium butyricum by increasing butyric acid, and this effect was not altered with the inclusion of carob meal or citrus pulp. More studies under commercial conditions are needed, as the effects might be different in more challenging environmental circumstances.