Effect Of Far-infrared Irradiation Research Articles

FAR-INFRARED IRRADIATION INHIBITS CELL PROLIFERATION IN BASAL AND PDGF-STIMULATED RAT VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS THROUGH REGULATION AMPK/MTOR/P70S6K SIGNALING AXIS

Objective: Far-infrared (FIR) rays are invisible electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 3-1000 um, which elicits molecular vibrations in water and other organic molecules in cells and tissues, thereby FIR rays may have various biological effects. Aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is associated with the development of diverse vascular diseases including atherosclerosis. Although FIR irradiation is reported to inhibit cell proliferation in various types of cells, effect of FIR irradiation on VSMC proliferation and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which FIR irradiation inhibited VSMC proliferation. Design and method: We performed cell proliferation and viability assay, inhibitor studies, transfection of dominant negative (dn)-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alpha 1 gene, and western blot analyses. We also conducted confocal microscopic image analyses and ex vivo studies using isolated rat aortas. Results: FIR irradiation for 30 min decreased VSMC proliferation with no alteration in cell viability, which was accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) at Ser2448 (p-mTOR-Ser2448) and p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) at Thr389 (p-p70S6K-Thr389). Furthermore, FIR irradiation increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) at Thr172 (p-AMPK-Thr172). Pre-treatment with compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor, or ectopic expression of dn-AMPK alpha 1 gene, significantly reversed FIR irradiation-decreased VSMC proliferation, p-mTOR-Ser2448, and p-p70S6K-Thr389. However, hyperthermal stimulus (39 degrees) did not change VSMC proliferation and AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K phosphorylation. Similar to in vitro results, FIR irradiation increased p-AMPK-Thr172, and decreased p-mTOR-Ser2448 and p-p70S6K-Thr389 in isolated rat aortas. Finally, FIR irradiation attenuated platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated VSMC proliferation by increasing p-AMPK-Thr172, and decreasing p-mTOR-Ser2448 and p-p70S6K-Thr389 in PDGF-induced in vitro atherosclerosis model. Conclusions: We demonstrate that FIR irradiation decreases VSMC proliferation, at least in part, by regulating AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling axis. These observations suggest that FIR ray therapy can be used to treat arterial narrowing diseases including atherosclerosis and in-stent restenosis.

Effect of Far-Infrared Irradiation on Catechins and Nitrite Scavenging Activity of Green Tea

The processed green tea leaves were irradiated by far-infrared (FIR) at eight temperatures (80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, and 150 degrees C) for 10 min. After FIR irradiation, green teas were prepared by soaking the leaves in boiling water, and the physicochemical characteristics of the green tea were determined. FIR irradiation at 90 degrees C increased total phenol contents of green tea from 244.7 to 368.5 mg/g and total flavanol contents from 122.0 to 178.7 mg/g, compared with non-irradiated control. FIR irradiation also significantly affected the amounts of epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate. Nitrite scavenging activity also increased with increasing FIR irradiation until the temperature reached 110 degrees C. However, the overall color changes of green tea irradiated with FIR at 90 and 100 degrees C were negligible. These results indicate that the chemical quality of green tea is significantly affected by FIR irradiation temperature of the green tea leaves.

Effect of Far-Infrared Irradiation on the Antioxidant Activity of Defatted Sesame Meal Extracts

To determine the effect of far-infrared (FIR) irradiation on the antioxidant activities of sesame meal, half of sesame seeds were FIR-irradiated and then oil was extracted from the seeds. The resulting defatted sesame meal (DSM) was extracted with methanol, and the antioxidant activities of methanolic extract were determined. FIR irradiation of sesame seeds for 30 min increased the total phenol content from 34.0 to 59.0 muM and radical scavenging activity of DSM extracts from 26.40 to 68.76%. The induction time of lipid oxidation of oil added to extracts was also retarded from 0.82 to 0.96 h. According to the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, several low molecular weight phenolic compounds, such as p-hydroxy benzoic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, isoferulic acid, and o-coumaric acid, were frequently detected in FIR-irradiated DSM extracts as compared to unirradiated ones. These results indicated that FIR irradiation of sesame seeds increased the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of DSM.

왕겨 추출물의 항산화능에 대한 원적외선 처리의 효과

왕겨에 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140℃에서 각각 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 그리고 60분 동안 원적외선을 조사한 후, 메탄올 추출물을 제조하여 총 페놀함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 변화를 측정하였다. 총 페놀함량의 경우 무처리구에서는 51.6μM이며, 원적외선을 110℃에서 60분간 처리한 왕겨의 추출물에서는 104.3 μM이었다. 또한, DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 경우 무처리구에서는 16.23%이며, 원적외선을 120℃에서 60분간 처리한 왕겨의 추출물에서는 69.40%로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 적당한 조건에서의 원적외선 조사가 왕겨에 존재하는 페놀 화합물의 추출을 촉진하며 항산화능을 향상시킴을 의미한다.

원적외선 처리가 녹차의 항산화능과 카테킨 함량에 미치는 영향

본 연구에서는 녹차 완제품에 원적외선을 처리한 후 물 추출물을 제조하여 항산화능 및 catechin류의 변화를 조사하였다. 녹차 물 추출물의 flavanol 함량은 무처리구(145 ㎎/g)에 비하여 원적외선을 10분간 처리한 경우 160 ㎎/g로 증가하였으나, 20분간 처리하였을 경우에는 90 ㎎/g으로 감소하였다. 또한, DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 경우 원적외선을 10분간 처리한 녹차 추출물의 경우 62.57%로서 무처리구의 61.58%에 비해 약간의 증가를 나타내었지만, 원적외선을 20분간 처리한 경우에는 59.98%로서 감소하였다. 한편, 녹차 추출물의 epicatechin류(EGC, EGCG, EC, ECG)의 함량은 원적외선의 처리 시간이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, catechin류(GC, C, GCG, CG) 함량은 원적외선을 10분간 처리하였을 때 가장 높게 관찰되었다.

Effect of far-infrared irradiation on pasteurization of bacteria suspended in liquid medium below lethal temperature.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of far-infrared irradiation on pasteurization of bacteria suspended in liquid medium below the lethal temperature. Under this condition, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are injured and killed by far-infrared irradiation. With increase in irradiation power and with decrease in depth of the suspension, the ratio of the number of injured cells to the number of viable cells becomes higher, and the number of viable cells becomes smaller. Moreover, the pasteurization effect can be enhanced by raising the bulk temperature of the suspension. By estimating the temperature distribution within the suspension, it is suggested that the test bacteria are injured and killed in the very thin domain near the surface of the suspension.

Far-infrared radiation controlled chaos in n-GaAs

The effect of far-infrared irradiation on selfgenerated periodic and chaotic current fluctuations in the post-breakdown regimes of n-GaAs has been investigated at liquid helium temperature. In an external magnetic field of 40 mT the material showed a sequence of frequency-locked oscillations being ordered according to the Farey-Tree. Depending on the irradiation intensity a shifting and scaling of the bias voltage ranges of the frequency-locking states has been observed.