Effect Of Fabric Properties Research Articles

Effect of fabric properties on the laundry movement, mechanical action, and motor current of front-loading washers

Laundering is essential for maintaining personal hygiene but can lead to fabric damage, such as color fading and fiber loss, caused by frequent and excessive mechanical action. Front-loading washers utilize mechanical force such as falling, rotating, and sliding to remove soil from textiles, where fabric properties influence these movements, resulting in varied mechanical actions depending on fabric type. Herein, the relationship between fabric properties and movement pertaining to mechanical action was analyzed, focusing on correlated fabric movements and motor torque current parameters. The results demonstrate that fabric properties, such as wet friction, moisture regain, thickness, and stiffness, significantly influence fabric movement in laundering. Moisture regain was associated with fabric movement, causing hydrophilic fabrics to undergo concentrated and repeated movements, resulting in higher rates of thread removal. In addition, heavier, thicker, and stiffer fabrics displayed dynamic changes in fabric shape, contributing to increased Poka-Dot removal. The motor current data required for rotating the drum was analyzed in association with the fabric properties. Using the current parameters as internal nodes of a decision tree model, fabric types were successfully classified. The results imply that the real-time current data and laundry movement information can be utilized for optimizing washing technologies for different fabric types, ultimately maximizing washing efficiency and minimizing fabric damage.

Numerical simulation of heat and moisture transfer in protective clothing under high pressure steam exposure: Effect of fabric properties and steam conditions

Steam disasters often exist during applied thermal engineering. Steam protective clothing plays a crucial role in safeguarding workers in various industries such as navy, petrochemicals, and others, by protecting them from steam hazards and ensuring their health and safety. This study aims to develop a numerical model that accurately simulates the heat and moisture transfer characteristics of thermal protective fabrics when exposed to steam. Subsequently, the integration of skin bio-heat transfer and burn integral models with the steam heat transfer model was performed to provide predictions of skin burns. In addition, the heat transfer mechanism of steam through fabrics to skin and the factors affecting the steam protection of fabrics were also analyzed by parametric studies. The accuracy of model simulation was verified by steam exposure tests with difference of second and third degree burn time less than 0.4s. The findings demonstrated the significant influence of moisture transfer and basic fabric properties on the steam protective performance. Among them, fabric thickness, specific heat and initial moisture content of fabrics have obvious influence. The influence of fabric's moisture regain is slightly smaller, and the impact of thermal conductivity is the least. The steam temperature also shows great effect, but the velocity of steam flow has little effect. This work provides theoretical guidance for the research and development of high performance protective materials and clothing from steam hazards. It is helpful for the virtual design and performance evaluation of steam protective clothing.

Effect of fabric properties and glove structure on thermal protective performance of fire gloves under flash fire exposure

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of fabric properties and glove structure on the thermal protective performance of fire glove when exposed to a flash fire. Ten types of firefighting glove fabrics were selected, and nine types of gloves with four-layer fabrics were obtained for an orthogonal experiment. Different structures and sizes of gloves were also designed. The burn area and absorbed energy were tested using a flame hand system. Pearson correlations were established to analyze the relationships of fabric properties and absorbed energy, and of shrinkage rate and absorbed energy. The statistical analysis from these obtained data indicated that the thickness of fabric systems had no significant correlation for total absorbed energy ( p > 0.05), while the flame retardancy, air permeability, and shrinkage rate of the outer shell fabric exhibited a strong relation ( p = 0.033, 0.012, and 0.013, respectively). With the increase in glove looseness, the absorbed energy and burn area first decreased and then increased. The thermal protective performance was best at a looseness of 10 mm (by the largest absorbed energy reduction of 24%). It has been found that long gloves provide better thermal protection than short gloves. For short gloves, adding an elastic belt to the wrist can reduce the absorbed energy, while adding an elastic belt to the cuff for long gloves has a negative effect on the thermal protective performance.

The effect of fabric properties on the performance of a textile based ferroelectret generator toward human body energy harvesting

This paper reports the lamination of two thin fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) films onto the back and front surfaces of a conventional textile forming a sandwich structure which creates a textile-based ferroelectret. In this work, we study the effect of the physical properties and dimensions of the textile on the piezoelectric properties and energy harvesting performance of the ferroelectret. Five different fabrics with different thicknesses and Young’s modulus were used to form textile based ferroelectret harvesters. Thinner textiles result in increased piezoelectric properties of the fabricated FEP textile ferroelectret. The highest measured stable maximum piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 987 pC N−1 was achieved by the thinnest silk textile FEP ferroelectret. The energy harvester based on the FEP-silk textile ferroelectret generates a peak output power density of 2.26 µW cm−2. The textile ferroelectret can charge a 10 µF capacitor used to store the harvested energy to 3.2 V in 40 s. This corresponds to an average output power of 1.07 µW when subjected to compressive pressures of 30 kPa applied at a frequency of 1 Hz with a 90 MΩ loading resistance.

Effect of fabric properties on microfiber shedding from synthetic textiles

In this research, microfiber release from knitted fabric was analysed with open edge and edge covered with lock stitch. The main aim of the research is to evaluate the role of fabric parameters on microfiber shedding using a laboratory scale laundry machine. Hence, in this study, 100% polyester fabric with the same structure and different weight (mass per square meter) were analysed. Similarly, to estimate the role of the fabric structure, different structures with the same weight were also laundered and microfiber count and mass values were estimated. The research results reported that fabric with higher weight sheds more amount of microfiber per square meter of fabric laundered. This could be related to the higher thickness and coarser filament denier in the higher weight fabric. Further, a reduction in shedding was evident in the case of higher stitch density, tightness factor, and lower loop length. As far as the structures are concerned, the Interlock structure sheds more microfiber during the laundry compared to the 1X1 rib and single jersey. This is true when we consider the stitch density and tightness factor of the selected structures. In physical property analysis, a positive correlation is noted between bursting strength and shedding behaviour. In the case of abrasion resistance, a negative correlation was noted with weight loss percentage and shedding. The results did not show any correlation between microfiber shedding and pilling properties of the synthetic textiles.

Investigation of the effect of fabric properties on the fabric use efficiency

There are several factors affecting fabric usage efficiency, one of them is fabric properties. The usage of different fabrics for production of the same product increases or decreases the amount of fabric needed, which affects the cost of the product. In this study, effect of fabric properties on the fabric usage efficiency was investigated. For the application processes, 3 different fabrics properties and 3 different garments were used and totally 9 marker plans were prepared. By analyzing the prepared marker plans fabric usage ratios were obtained and effect of fabric properties on the fabric usage efficiency was investigated.

Predicting the heat transfer through protective clothing under exposure to hot water spray

Hot liquid splash hazard is a common risk in workplace safety from industrial to home scale, and thermal protective clothing is required to ensure workers' health and safety. In this study, an instrumented manikin test system was used to evaluate the protective performance provided by protective clothing against hot water spray. The effects of fabric properties on the protective performance were investigated, and empirical models were developed to characterize the relationships between fabric properties and thermal protection. The contribution of stored energy to skin burn was also explored. The results indicated that the water repellence finish significantly affected the heat transfer and the protective performance, while the fabric weight and density had slight effect on the protection. The garment with lower air permeability provided better thermal protection. The overall performance increased with the increasing of air gap size for permeable garments. The weft stiffness of the fabric affected the performance as well. The garment with lower stored energy during exposure (EAE) and cooling phase (CAE) provided better thermal protection. The lower the ratio of absorbed energy during exposure to absorbed energy when 2nd degree burn occurred, the higher the stored energy contribution to skin burn injury. Though fabric weight did not show main effect on heat transfer and skin burn injury in permeable garments, it did affect the EAE/BAE. The findings suggest effective design improvement for the protective clothing.

A novel approach for fit analysis of thermal protective clothing using three-dimensional body scanning.

The garment fit played an important role in protective performance, comfort and mobility. The purpose of this study is to quantify the air gap to quantitatively characterize a three-dimensional (3-D) garment fit using a 3-D body scanning technique. A method for processing of scanned data was developed to investigate the air gap size and distribution between the clothing and human body. The mesh model formed from nude and clothed body was aligned, superimposed and sectioned using Rapidform software. The air gap size and distribution over the body surface were analyzed. The total air volume was also calculated. The effects of fabric properties and garment size on air gap distribution were explored. The results indicated that average air gap of the fit clothing was around 25-30mm and the overall air gap distribution was similar. The air gap was unevenly distributed over the body and it was strongly associated with the body parts, fabric properties and garment size. The research will help understand the overall clothing fit and its association with protection, thermal and movement comfort, and provide guidelines for clothing engineers to improve thermal performance and reduce physiological burden.

Effect of Fabric Properties used for the Loop Type Decorative Elements on the 3-dimensional Shape

In the modern fashion industry, efficiency has been increasing thanks to development of computer graphics, IT technology, and digitalization. Unlike the past when fashion design heavily depended on handwork, digitalization of fashion industry makes fabrication time shorter and enables designers to adopt comprehensive expression, generating high value-added product. The Apparel CAD, an example of the digitalized fashion industry, has been developed from 2D system into a system providing 3D simulation. Digital clothing can be determined as an activity of designers using the tool in order to fabricate pattern and simulate its designed clothes in the virtual space of computer. In this study, physical properties of eight materials, which can be utilized on a par with current fashion trend, have been specified. For more sophisticated investigation, external appearance of the material was investigated by 3D scanning. In order to examine the physical properties of fabric specimens, KES(Kawabata Evaluation System) measurements and other physical property measurements were made. With the results, virtual material and clothes were simulated via CLO 3D, one of 3D apparel CAD systems. Then, virtual fabrics and clothes of similar types were generated and analyzed.

A Quantitative Fabric Drape Evaluation System Using Image-Processing Technology, Part 2: Effect of Fabric Properties on Drape Parameters

Abstract A new quantitative fabric drape evaluation method using image-processing technology was published in Part 1 and submitted to the International Organization for Standardization as a revised international standard. In this research, the effects of fabric properties on drape parameters have been examined using the new drape evaluation system to verify the new method. Drape parameters include the number of drape nodes, the amplitude of the drape wave, and drape wavelength, as well as drape ratio (coefficient). The Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) was used to measure the mechanical properties of 60 woven fabric samples. Through correlation analysis, we found that tensile, bending, and shear properties of fabrics are closely related to each drape parameter. Some regression equations were derived to predict the drape ratio, the number of drape nodes, and the wave amplitude from the KES fabric properties. In all regression models, the bending hysteresis (2HB) of a fabric and its combined value with fabric weight (2HB/W) were observed to be the most significant factors.

Development and evaluation of dustless fabrics for medical applications

Dust-free fabrics and garments are essentially used in hospitals to maintain hygiene in operation theatres and also in various other industrial establishments, such as cleaning electronic chip manufacturing rooms. It is also needed for personal health care of allergy and asthma patients. In order to design a dust-free fabric, it is very important to study the characteristics of the textile materials that influence dust attraction. In this work, the dust particle size and its distribution on different types of fabrics with different fibre types have been studied making use of non-conventional instruments. As of today, there is no instrumental technique available for studying the dust concentration on textile substrates. Therefore, there is a need for developing an instrument that would measure dust particle size and their concentration on textile materials. A digital dust analyzer has been developed for this purpose. This instrument is calibrated by standard dust particles that have similar properties as that of atmospheric dust particles. The reference dust particle size falls in the range of 0.1–198 μ m. A set of fabrics were selected to study the effect of fabric properties towards dust attraction. The results revealed that lowest dust accumulation occurs on plain woven 100% polyester fabrics followed by polyester–cotton blends. The dust-less fabrics developed through different techniques such as polyurethane coating, silicone finishing and weaving of metallic filaments showed satisfactory improvement in their functional properties. Polyurethane coated fabrics give best results followed by silicone finish fabrics and metallic yarn woven fabrics. Based on the analysis and understanding of the results, some of the factors influencing the dust affinity of fabrics are established.