Effect Of Extraction Solvents Research Articles

Effects of extraction solvents on antarctic krill oil quality characteristics and some insights into the oxidation stability of antarctic krill oil

The effects of 6 solvent combinations (Folch, acetone/ethanol [1:1, v/v], ethanol [95%, v/v], n-hexane/ethyl acetate [7:3, v/v], n-hexane/ethanol [10:1, v/v], and isopropanol alcohol [95%, v/v] with different polarities on the quality characteristics of Antarctic krill oil (AKO) extracted from Antarctic krill were investigated in this study. The relationship between endogenous active substances and oxidative stability was also explored. There was a significant positive correlation between solvent polarity and AKO yield (r = 0.91, p < 0.05), a significant positive correlation with total tocopherols (r = 0.84, p < 0.05) and a weak correlation with astaxanthin (r = 0.53). In addition, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in AKO were mostly located in phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. ethanol (95%, v/v) had the highest efficiency of glycerophospholipids (34.39%), EPA (20.83%) and DHA (9.61%). For liposolubility trace substances, astaxanthin were extracted most efficiently with Folch (283.49 μg/g) and acetone/ethanol (1:1, v/v, 264.58 μg/g), whereas tocopherols were extracted most efficiently with ethanol (95%, v/v, 114.29 μg/g). Astaxanthin, tocopherol and phosphatidylcholines were closely related to the oxidative stability of AKO. Astaxanthin in AKO showed a significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation with ABTS· scavenging capacity, whereas tocopherol and phosphatidylcholines showed a significant (p < 0.05) dose-effect relationship with total reducing power.

Effect of extraction solvent on silicon, isoquercitroside content, and antioxidant activity of common horsetail (Equisetum arvens L.) extract

Effect of extraction solvent on silicon, isoquercitroside content, and antioxidant activity of common horsetail (Equisetum arvens L.) extract

The Effect of Extraction Solvent on the Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Extracts from the Leaves, Bark and Twig of Dipterocarpus alatus

The Effect of Extraction Solvent on the Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Extracts from the Leaves, Bark and Twig of Dipterocarpus alatus

Effect of extraction solvents on polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) leaves

Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is widely used in traditional medicine and food. The aim of this study was to determine the most appropriate extraction solvent to optimize the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids from the leaves, in order to obtain the highest antioxidant activity. In this context, the effects of six different solvents (100% methanol, 100% ethanol, 100% acetone, 50% (v/v) aqueous methanol, 50% (v/v) aqueous ethanol and 50% (v/v) aqueous acetone) with different polarities on the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of carob tree leaf extracts were investigated. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant activity determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method of the extracts were evaluated. The results showed that carob tree leaves extracted with 100% methanol presented the highest values in terms of total polyphenol content (11.33± 0.08 mg EAG/g DM), total flavonoid content (8.55± 0.34 mg EC/g DM) and DPPH inhibition percentage (79.29 ± 3.75%). High positive correlations between total polyphenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of carob tree leaf extracts were also observed. These results indicate that carob tree leaf extract obtained using an appropriate extraction solvent was able to enhance the protective effect against oxidative damage associated with free radicals.

Effect of Extraction Solvents on Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Zingiber montanum Rhizomes

The Zingiber montanum rhizome has been utilized for its antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties for a long time, particularly in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Additionally, the rhizome has been a traditional ingredient in Asian cosmetic products. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different extracting solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, ethanol, methanol, 50% ethanol, and 75% ethanol) on the phenolic content, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Zingiber montanum. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using two methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, while antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The methanol extract demonstrated the highest phenolic content, while the ethanol extract exhibited a slightly lower amount. In the DPPH assay, the methanol extract showed an IC50 value of 36.89 ± 2.53 µg/mL, whereas the ethanol extract displayed a marginally higher value of 38.89 ± 0.27 µg/mL. In terms of ferric-reducing antioxidant power, the ethanol extract had slightly higher FRAP values (78.65 ± 4.73 mg AAE/g) than the methanol extract (76.09 ± 4.57 mg AAE/g). All extracts exhibited low activity against the three tested bacterial strains. Ethanol extract demonstrated the most antibacterial activity, with a clear zone ranging from 10.50 to 12.00 mm. The results suggest that ethanol is a suitable solvent for extracting Zingiber montanum rhizome for value-added materials application for cosmetic products.

Evaluation of seasonal variation, effect of extraction solvent on phytochemicals and antioxidant activity on Rosmarinus officinalis grown in different agro-ecological zones of Kiambu County, Kenya

BackgroundRosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a commonly used culinary herb with great potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries because of its reported bioactive phytochemicals and antioxidant properties. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of seasonal variations in different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) on the phytochemical content and corresponding antioxidant activities of R. officinalis, to ascertain the best growth period at which the plant possesses the highest phytochemical components and most potent antioxidant property. The study also aimed at comparing different extraction solvents to establish the best extraction system for the bioactive compounds.MethodsThe leaves of R. officinalis were harvested from six purposively selected sites in four agro-ecological zones of Kiambu County, Kenya both in the wet and the dry seasons. Phytochemicals were extracted in 80% methanol, 80% ethanol, and distilled water. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and total tannins content (TTC) were measured spectrophotometrically as gallic acid equivalent (GAE), rutin equivalent (RUTE) and tannic acid equivalent (TAE), respectively. The antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The 80% ethanolic solvent was used to compare the phytochemical content and corresponding antioxidant activities of R. officinalis leaf samples collected from two consecutive seasons in different agro-ecological zones.ResultsThe solvents showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in TPC with ethanol repotting the highest followed by methanol and water ranging from 39.71 ± 6.77, 24.91 ± 5.15 and 24.91 ± 7.30 (mg/g GAE), respectively. The aqueous TFC (117.22 ± 3.64 mg/g RUTE) was the highest followed by ethanolic and methanolic with 34.72 ± 2.13 and 16.86 ± 2.80 mg/g RUTE, respectively. The TTC of water, methanol, and ethanol extracts were; 19.88 ± 4.59, 15.02 ± 1.25, and 4.27 ± 1.48 mg/g TAE, respectively. The DPPH activity between methanol and ethanol extracts showed no significant difference. The FRAP activity also showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the three solvents. There were significant differences between the wet and dry seasons in the phytochemical content. There was no recorded significant difference in the DPPH activity between the dry and wet season in all AEZs. FRAP was significantly higher in the dry season than the wet season for R. officinalis leaves harvested in all agro-agroecological zones except Thika. There were significant differences in phytochemical content and antioxidant activity between the agro-ecologicalzones (p < 0.05) except for the TFC.ConclusionsThe data obtained from this study demonstrated that hydro-alcoholic /methanolic and aqueous maceration systems extracted bioactive compounds from R. officinalis with high potential for applications in industries. The R. officinalis from different agro-ecological zones contained variable phytochemical composition, suggesting that geographical location and climatic conditions influence the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites and other bioactive compounds. The data provided in this study will be crucial for processors to select the optimal harvesting season for the extraction of desired bioactive compounds from Rosmarinus officinalis.

Effect of Extraction Solvent and Harvest Time on Recovery of Bioactive Com-pounds, Antioxidant and Cancer Cell Growth Inhibition Activities of Korean Ca-mellia mistletoe

This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profiles,in vitroantioxidant and antiproliferative properties of KoreanCamellia mistletoe(Korthalsella japon-ica(Thunb.) Engl.) depending on the harvest time (August and November) and sol-vent (100% methanol, 70% ethanol, and hot water). TheCamellia japonicaL. mistle-toe extracts were analyzed for total phenol, flavonoid, carotenoid, and L-ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant properties such as scavenging capacities (1,1-diphenyl-2-pic-rylhydrazyl (DPPH) and NO•),ferrous ion chelating and reducing power. Concur-rently, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) as-say was used to assess the antiproliferative properties against human cancer cell lines; MCF (human breast cancer cells), HeLa (human cervical cancer cells), A375 (human malignant melanoma cells), HCT116 (human colon cancer cells), HepG2 (human liver cancer cells) and A549 (human non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cells). The results showed that extraction solvent and harvest time had significant impacts on antioxidant and anticancer activities and selectivity for free phenolic compounds inCamellia ja-ponicaL. mistletoe. Among all the tested extracts, the highest amounts of total phe-nolic and total flavonoids content were found in ethanol extracts ofCamellia japon-icaL. mistletoe harvested in November, while the methanol extracts ofCamellia ja-ponicaL. mistletoe collected in August showed the highest contents of total carote-noids and L-ascorbic acidscompared to the other tested extracts. Additionally, the highest NO•radical scavenging activity was found in ethanol extracts, whereas the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in methanol extracts ofCamel-lia japonicaL. mistletoe harvested in November. Furthermore, methanol extracts showed much higher antiproliferative activity against all human cancer cells than eth-anol extracts ofCamellia japonicaL. mistletoe harvested in November. In conclusion, the antioxidant and anticancer properties ofCamellia japonicaL. mistletoe showed significant dependence on the extraction solvent type and harvest time. With optimum harvest time and extraction solvent, they boast a wide range of promising medical, pharmaceutical, and food applications

Effects of extraction solvents on phytochemicals and bioactivities of Ganoderma lucidum

Effects of extraction solvents on phytochemicals and bioactivities of Ganoderma lucidum

Effect of extraction solvent and plant part on the yield of phenolic compounds, plumbagin and biological activity of Plumbago zeylanica

Effect of extraction solvent and plant part on the yield of phenolic compounds, plumbagin and biological activity of Plumbago zeylanica

Assembled structure and interfacial properties of oleosome-associated proteins from Camellia oleifera as natural surface-active agents

A very low content of oleosome-associated proteins (OAPs) allows for long-term stability of oleosomes in mature seeds, but there is limited knowledge on these interfacial behaviors. Here, the effect of extraction solvents on the composition, structure, and interfacial properties of OAPs from Camellia oleifera were investigated. After lipid removal by cold acetone/ether (AE) and chloroform/methanol (CM), the OAPs-AE exhibited a white lumpy morphology, but the OAPs-CM was a transparent film. The major components of OAPs-AE and OAPs-CM were similar, including oleosin, Ole Ⅰ, Ole Ⅱ, Ole Ⅳ, and Ole Ⅴ. The OAPs-CM had more α-helix (∼60%) and β-sheet (∼15%) structures than that of OAPs-AE, while the OAPs-AE had a higher denaturation temperature (∼90.9 °C). The residual phospholipid content in OAPs-AE was 21.5 times that of OAPs-CM. The OAPs-AE displayed an impressive ability to increase surface pressure at the air–water interface (∼32 mN/m at 4000 s) and oil–water interface (∼12 mN/m at 4000 s), even at a very low concentration (0.04 mg/mL). For the air–water interface, the diffusion rate of OAPs-AE was faster than that of OAPs-CM at all of the investigated pH values. These results provide a better understanding of OAPs as novel natural surface-active agents.

Effect of Extraction Solvents on Total Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Syzygium Aromaticum L. Flower Bud from Ethiopia.

In this study, the antioxidative activity and polyphenolic content of Syzygium aromaticum's flower bud were compared under different extraction solvents including chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous. The antioxidant activity was assessed via established in vitro assay models such as 2, 2-diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, NO- radical scavenging assay, H2O2 scavenging assay and Fe3+ reducing capacity. Total phenolic content was measured according to Folin-Ciocalteu's method, and total flavonoid content was estimated by using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The results showed that aqueous extract possessed the highest TPC (19.11 ± 2.76 mg GAE/g DW) and TFC (15.32 ± 1.53 mg CtE/g DW). Among the extracts, methanol extract exerted the strongest radical DPPH quenching activity with an IC50 value of 303.56 ± 13.14 μg/mL. The highest NO- radical scavenging activity was shown by methanol extract (IC50192.94 ± 1.9 μg/mL) which is stronger than BHT (IC50247.64 ± 12.89 μg/mL). Methanol extract showed a strong H2O2 scavenging activity (IC50233.71 ± 3.72 μg/mL). The highest Fe3+ reducing capacity was shown by methanol extract (Absorbance = 0.36 ± 0.05). Strong and positive correlations were observed between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant assays. The results of the present work revealed that the tested spice demonstrated high antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Thus, this spice is worth considering as important source of natural antioxidant agents.

Effect of Extraction Solvent on Capsaicin Content of Chinda Peppers

Chinda pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is classified as a large chili pepper that is an important economic crop of Thailand. The substance in the chili pepper responsible for its spicy taste is capsaicin. Presently, capsaicin in Chinda peppers has been extracted for use in food and medical products. This research compared the capsaicin content from dried Chinda peppers in four different solvents: H2O, acetone, ethanol (95% v/v), and a binary solvent of acetone and water at a ratio of 1:1 v/v. For all treatments, the ratio of chili peppers to the solvent was 20 g:240 ml. After analyzing the amount of capsaicin content by a NanoDrop spectrophotometer, it was found that the capsaicin content from dried Chinda pepper by the H2O:acetone (1:1 v/v), acetone, H2O and ethanol (95% v/v) were 0.48 ppm, 0.26 ppm, 0.22 ppm, and 0.18 ppm, respectively. These results indicated that the extraction of capsaicin with a binary solvent of H2O:acetone at a ratio of 1:1 v/v had the highest extraction concentration. This can be explained theoretically that the presence of H2O in acetone impacted the hydrophobic properties of the solvent and the interaction between capsaicin compound and the solvent.

Effects of Extraction Solvents on the Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, and Antioxidant Activity in the Aerial Part of Root Vegetables

The present study aimed to investigate the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in terms of the DPPH scavenging, reducing power, and H2O2 scavenging of the aerial parts of onion, white radish, red radish, carrot, and beet as affected by different extraction solvents. Generally, the aerial part of these vegetables has high antioxidant properties. Samples were extracted with methanol (100 and 70%), ethanol (100 and 70%), and water. Total phenolic content was highest when the samples were extracted using 100% methanol, while extraction with 100% ethanol yielded the highest total flavonoids. The highest DPPH activity and H2O2 scavenging values were obtained by extraction of the aerial plant parts with 70% ethanol, and the 70% methanol extract had the highest reducing power. Partial least regression (PLS) was performed to validate the optimum solvent for extraction of the antioxidants and their activity in each plant. The PLS indicated that there was a variation in the validation of the different extracts for each plant. The high antioxidant capacity of root vegetables, which is natural, indicates that they may have health and dietetic advantages for consumers.

Integration of solvent extraction and membrane processes to produce an oleuropein extract from olive leaves

The integration of solvent extraction and membrane separation technology was used to recover and concentrate oleuropein from olive leaves. In this study, the effect of extraction solvent (type, composition) on the content of total phenolic compounds (TPC) extracted from olive leaves was investigated. Experimental results showed that ethanol:water, 75 %/25 % (v/v), gives the highest TPC. Thus, to establish the parameters to obtain hydroethanolic olive leaves extract with the highest content of total phenolic compounds, a Central Composite Design was performed. The extract obtained at 50 °C for 90 min, within 0.03 g/ml, was subjected to crossflow ultrafiltration (UF) to remove suspended solids in the feed and to reduce fouling phenomena, followed by a stirred dead-end nanofiltration (NF) using a commercial flat sheet membrane at different pressure (10, 20 and 30 bar). The nanofiltration (at 30 bar) showed a high rejection coefficient towards phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents. Fractions coming from UF and NF (at 30 bar) revealed that the highest content of oleuropein was 119.01 mg/g corresponding to NF retentate, high antioxidant capacity (DPPH method). Conductivity, sanity, turbidity, pH, TDS, and TSS of different fractions were also determined. It can be concluded that the integration of solvent extraction and membrane separation technology is efficient for the recovery and concentration of oleuropein and phenolic compounds from olive leaves. The obtained concentrate is of interest for preparing formulations to be used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

Effect of extraction solvents on antioxidant potential of Prosopis cineraria (L.) leaves

Effect of extraction solvents on antioxidant potential of Prosopis cineraria (L.) leaves

Effect of Extraction Solvents on Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential of Turnip Roots (Brassica rapa L.)

Background: Brassica rapa (L.) is commonly used as vegetable because of its antioxidant and medicinal properties. Thus, turnip (variety White 4) was characterized by its chemical composition and mineral profile procured from CCS Haryana Agricultural University in Hisar. The effect of solvent on extraction of phytochemicals was investigated. Methods: Antioxidant potential including total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), the free radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was analyzed. Result: The aqueous extract contained the highest total phenols (4.56±0.02 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (2.07±0.05 mg CE/g) as compare to ethanol and acetone extracts. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of turnip root extracts was highly variable and increased with increasing concentration levels. The aqueous extract showed the best DPPH free radical scavenging activity at the IC50 value (1.26 mg/mL) followed by ethanol (11.30 mg/mL) and acetone (12.08 mg/mL) extracts. The total antioxidant capacity was highest in aqueous extract (3.45±0.03) as compared to ethanol (2.95±0.07) and acetone (0.81±0.08 mg AAE/g).

Effect of extraction solvents on antioxidant and skin-whitening potentials of defatted Camellia seed cakes

Defatted Camellia japonica L. seed cake is an important byproduct during the manufacture of Camellia seed oil. The present study evaluated the influence of two extraction solvents on the total contents of phenol and flavonoid, antioxidant activity and skin-whitening effect capable of inhibiting the biosynthesis of melanin of defatted Camellia seed cakes, a byproduct from Camellia oil production. The antioxidant capacities of 100% methanol and 70% ethanol extracts were analysed using radical scavenging (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, O2-, H2O2 and NOž), SOD-like, ferrous ion chelating and reducing power assays. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were further determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Moreover, intracellular antityrosinase activity and melanin contents were evaluated in human malignant melanoma cells (SK mel-100). Ethanol extracts of defatted Camellia seed cake extracts exhibited higher phenolic (4097 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g) and flavonoid (2899 mg rutin equivalents/100 g) contents with higher superoxide (IC50 = 1.9 mg/mL), nitric oxide (IC50 =1.6 mg/mL) radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelating (IC50 = 2.9 mg/mL) and reducing power (IC50 = 1.8 mg/mL) activities than those of methanol. These ethanol extracts also evidenced more effective inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis than methanol extracts. Therefore, the present results demonstrated that defatted Camellia seed cakes could be a valuable source of antioxidative and whitening ingredients, and ethanol was more efficient in extracting antioxidants and bioactive compounds than methanol.

Effect of extraction solvent on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Achillea millefolium L. grown in Kosovo region

Achillea millefolium L. is a plant of the family Asteraceae, commonly known as yarrow, which grows and is being distributed in countries of Europe. Achillea millefolium L. has been traditionally used in medicine. The medical properties of Achillea millefolium L. have been known for a long time. This study aims at assessments of the total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Achillea millefolium L. flowers, grown in Kosovo region. Solvent extracts with different polarity (aqueous, ethanol-EtOH, methanol-MeOH, ethyl acetate-EtOAc, acetone) from the flowers of Achillea millefolium L. are analyzed. The total phenolic and flavonoid quantities were analyzed by using Folin–Ciocalteu’s and AlCl3 reagents, respectively. The antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH in vitro assay methods. The extract obtained by methanol showed the highest total antioxidant activity and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (51.9±0.3 μMol/g). The same extract also exhibited the highest phenolic content (52.6±0.3 mg GAE/g) and the highest flavonoid content (27.8±0.2 mg CE/g). Further studies need the assessment to quantify and isolate the phytochemicals from Achillea millefolium L. flowers, grown within the Kosovo region, which might serve as a cheap natural antioxidants in food and drug industry.

Comparative study on the effect of extraction solvent on total phenol, flavonoid content, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of red onion (Allium cepa)

Comparative study on the effect of extraction solvent on total phenol, flavonoid content, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of red onion (Allium cepa)

Impact of diverse processing treatments on nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.)

Effect of extraction solvents on phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of Artocarpus chaplasha and Carissa carandas fruits from BangladeshGouri Dhar, Sonam Akther, Afrin Sultana, Uchen May, Mohammed Moinul Islam, Mowri Dhali, Dwaipayan Sikdar