Effects Of Environmental Pressures Research Articles

Analysis of spatial differences in global regional human development index under planetary pressure and decomposition study of driving factors

To urge nations worldwide to implement robust measures for enhancing human development and mitigating the pressures exerted on the planet by human activities in pursuit of sustainable development, this study encompasses 154 countries globally, using the seven major regions as focal points. Leveraging the Planetary Pressure Adjusted Human Development Index (PHDI) proposed by the United Nations Development Programme on December 15, 2020, as a metric for human development levels, this paper aims to standardize and internationally compare human development data from 1990 to 2021. Subsequently, employing the Theil index, the study assesses the global human development status across the seven regions to analyze spatial disparities in PHDI. Lastly, a comprehensive Generalized Diese Index Method (GDIM) is constructed to accurately reflect absolute and latent factors, dissecting the driving forces impacting global PHDI. The study explores critical pathways for high-quality human development within the harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. It validates the robustness of GDIM results through a stepwise regression. Research findings indicate varying levels of PHDI development across regions, with a distinct spatial hierarchy evolving: higher human development levels in Europe and Eastern Europe, favorable levels in North and South America, similar levels in Oceania and Asia, and significant improvement potential in Africa. As globalization progresses, overall differences in PHDI gradually decrease; however, disparities persist between and within regions. Economic, technological, and per capita welfare effects consistently positively drive PHDI. In contrast, environmental pressure effects, social effects, per capita value-added effects, and output carbon intensity effects consistently exert hostile driving forces. Population size effects on PHDI show a fluctuating trend. Moreover, in terms of cumulative contribution values, the top three contributors to driving forces are economic, technological, and per capita welfare effects.

Effects of environmental pressure and wall distance on rectangular pool fires in a full-size simulated cargo compartment

Effects of environmental pressure and wall distance on rectangular pool fires in a full-size simulated cargo compartment

The Effect of Environmental Pressures and the Covid19 Pandemic on the Adoption of TikTok by MSMEs: Can MSME Engagement Moderate?

This study aims to review the adoption of TikTok social media by MSMEs during a Covid19 pandemic within the scope of the organization. The integration of environmental factors within the framework of TOE, environment during a pandemic, and MSME engagement was carried out to explain the key parameters in explaining TikTok's social media dopsi. This research was conducted by distributing a survey to 200 respondents who are MSMEs in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Indonesia affected by Covid19 who have used the TikTok application. Based on the questionnaire distributed only 155 survey results can be used for later analysis using SEM-PLS. The test results showed that customer pressure had no significant effect on the adoption of TikTok social media by MSMEs. Competitive pressures, the environment during a Covid19 pandemic, and MSME engagement have positively significantly affected the adoption of TikTok social media by MSMEs. The study found that the role of MSME engagement in moderating customer pressure and competitive pressure on TikTok's social media adoption is simply a predictor moderation. In addition, it is also known that MSME engagement can positively significantly moderate the environment during a Covid19 pandemic to the adoption of TikTok social media.

The swelling pressure induced by irradiation in ceramic dispersion fuel meat

Within plate-type ceramic dispersion fuel element, fuel particles swell and exercise the swelling pressure on surrounding matrix after irradiation, which will result in failure of fuel meat. In this paper, taking into account the thermo-mechanical coupling constitutive equation of the ceramic fuel particle under irradiation, the analytical solution of swelling pressure exerting on matrix was determined in terms of temperature and burnup. Effect of swelling pressure on failure of dispersion fuel meat has been investigated by numerical simulation. The relationships between irradiation conditions and the maximum Mises stress in matrix have been established by applying the swelling pressure. With the aid of the presented formalism, the failure behaviors can be investigated for irradiated metal matrix. It's identified that swelling pressure will increase with the growth of temperature and burnup. The conclusion is drawn that the failure temperature will reduce with the promotion of burnup. But with increasing of particle spacing in dispersion fuel meat, the failure temperature raises. The particle spacing is suggested to exceed 0.2Rf particle spacing under burnup of 0.2 FIMA and temperature of 500–600 °C. Besides, the maximum Mises stress distributes at the interaction layer of matrix. Effect of environmental pressure will reduce the maximum Mises stress and improve the safety of the dispersion fuel meat. This work provides a method to determine the failure temperature and safe particle spacing of dispersion fuel meat, and lays a foundation for optimizing the design of fuel structures.

Team Learning and the Human Resource Development/Human Resource Management Interface

This editorial reviews my work on team learning published in HRDR, celebrating the 20th anniversary of the journal. The articles conceptualized the value and need for member expansiveness; team’s and individual members’ readiness to change; and the effects of environmental pressures for adaptive, generative, and transformative team learning. I conclude this review with directions for future research and practice in HRD and HRM to support changing conditions, collective self-awareness, and variations in team interactions using advancing technologies.

Crown rupture during droplet impact on a dry smooth surface at increased pressure

The impact of droplets at increased environmental pressure is important in many industrial applications. Previous studies mainly considered the impact process at standard or reduced environmental pressure, and the effect of high environmental pressure is unclear. In this study, we experimentally investigate the impact of ethanol droplets on dry smooth surfaces at increased environmental pressure. The effects of the environmental pressure on the splashing and rupture of the crown during the impact process are analyzed. The results show that surrounding gas with high environmental pressure can lead to the splashing of the crown in a “thread rupture” mode and the sizes of the secondary droplets from the rim of the liquid crown increase with the environmental pressure. The threshold for the transition from spreading to splashing during the impact process is obtained based on the theory of aerodynamics analysis of the lamella. At increased environmental pressure, the threshold speed of the impact decreases with increasing the environmental pressure because the wedge of the lamella is prevented from moving forward and is driven to detach from the substrate by the air ahead, which has a higher density due to the higher environmental pressure.

Mite gut microbiome and resistome exhibited species-specific and dose-dependent effect in response to oxytetracycline exposure

The importance of the gut microbiome to host health is well recognized, but the effects of environmental pressures on the gut microbiome of soil fauna are poorly understood. Here, Illumina sequencing and high-throughput qPCR were applied to characterize the gut microbiomes and resistomes of two mites, Nenteria moseri and Chiropturopoda sp. AL5866, exposed to different concentrations of oxytetracycline (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg mg−1). Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the gut microbiomes of both studied mite species, but the relative abundance of them was different between mites. After exposure to oxytetracycline, there was no variation in the gut microbiome and resistome of C. sp. AL5866, whereas the gut microbiome and resistome of N. moseri were altered significantly. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria significantly decreased, and those of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes significantly increased at the high-concentration antibiotic treatments. Excepting the 0.01 μg mg−1 treatment, gut microbial diversity increased with ascending concentrations. A significant resistome enrichment of relative abundance in N. moseri gut microbiome at low-dose antibiotic treatment was noted. These results indicated that the gut microbiome in N. moseri was potentially more sensitive to antibiotics than C. sp. AL5866, which was supported by the greater relative abundance of key tetracycline-resistant genes in the gut microbiome of C. sp. AL5866 compared to N. moseri. Mite gut microbiomes were correlated with their associated resistomes, demonstrating the consistent changes between microbiome and resistome. Thus, this study showed that oxytetracycline amendment resulted in a dose-dependent and species-specific effect on the gut microbiomes and resistomes of two mite species. It will contribute to understanding the relationship between the soil mite gut microbiome and resistome under antibiotic exposure, and extend our knowledge regarding the emergence and transfer of resistomes in soil food webs.

Experimental study on the flow field distribution characteristics of a gas–liquid swirl coaxial injector under ambient pressure

To better understand the atomization characteristics of a gas–liquid swirl coaxial (GLSC) injector under ambient pressure, the spatial distribution of multiple cross-sections was captured using a phase Doppler interferometry system, including the Sauter mean diameter (SMD), velocity, and data rate (particle number collected at the measurement points every second). The effects of the gas–liquid ratio and ambient pressure on the spatial distribution of the GLSC injector were analyzed. In general, the SMD increased with an increase in ambient pressure, while the axial velocity and data rate showed the opposite trend. For the non-recessed GLSC injector under ambient pressure, the atomization quality at low gas–liquid ratios was not better than that for no gas injection. In the area near the injector exit, the ambient pressure positively affected the atomization. Furthermore, the ambient pressure had a negative effect beyond a certain distance from the injector exit. The effect of environmental pressure on the spray cone was more apparent, and the combined effect of pneumatic and pressure atomization was worse, which eventually increased the particle diameter at the axis center. An increase in the gas–liquid ratio had little effect on the axial velocity around the spray cone but caused a significant increase in the axial velocity near the axis.

Effect of environmental pressure on the microstructure of YSZ thermal barrier coating via suspension plasma spraying

Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) as a potential technique to prepare thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) has been attracting more and more attention. However, most reports on SPS were carried out in the atmosphere. Given the unique features of in-flight particles and plasma jets under low pressure, the resulting coatings are expected to be different from those under atmospheric pressure. In this article, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings were prepared using suspension plasma spraying under different environmental pressures. The results show that as the environmental pressure decreased, the column-like structural coating turned into a vertical crack segmented structure, as well as a dramatic decrease in surface roughness. More nanoparticle agglomerates were formed in the coating under lower environmental pressures. The real porosity of the coating increased with a decrease in environmental pressure.

Review of aerospace-oriented spray cooling technology

Motivated by the concept of energy-optimized air/space vehicles, the design of more-electric and all-electric vehicles has become increasingly popular. With the advance of micro-electro-mechanical systems, on-board electronic/electrical devices become more integrated and miniaturized. It means that these highly-advanced devices should rely on a high heat-flux dissipation method to maintain an effective and safe operation. Spray cooling, universally recognized as the next-generation cooling scheme, has been extensively utilized in the thermal protection of the ground-based electric/electronic equipment. In contrast, the aerospace-oriented spray cooling (AOSC) application is extremely rare. It can be attributed to the fact that the research into the space/air-oriented spray cooling technologies is still in its infancy, which leads to a lack in the knowledge of alternations of flow patterns and heat transfer behaviors caused by the complicated space or high-altitude space. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the up-to-date published articles on AOSC and divides these published articles into four categories: 1) investigation into the effect of gravity on the cooling performance; 2) investigation into the effect of environmental pressure on the cooling performance; 3) study of the effect of acceleration and vibration on the cooling performance; 4) investigation of the aerospace spray cooling system. Additionally, comments, perspectives, and orientations are provided, in which several promising contributions are highlighted. This paper aims to promote the practical application of the AOSC system which could facilitate the development of the energy-optimized green air/space vehicle.

Mucosal Microbiome Profiles Polygenic Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Mestizo Individuals.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most frequent functional gastrointestinal disorder, worldwide, with a high prevalence among Mestizo Latin Americans. Because several inflammatory disorders appear to affect this population, a further understanding of host genomic background variants, in conjunction with colonic mucosa dysbiosis, is necessary to determine IBS physiopathology and the effects of environmental pressures. Using a simple polygenic model, host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the taxonomic compositions of microbiota were compared between IBS patients and healthy subjects. As proof of concept, five IBS-Rome III patients and five healthy controls (HCs) were systematically studied. The human and bacterial intestinal metagenome of each subject was taxonomically annotated and screened for previously annotated IBS, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease-associated SNPs or taxon abundance. Dietary data and fecal markers were collected and associated with the intestinal microbiome. However, more than 1,000 variants were found, and at least 76 SNPs differentiated IBS patients from HCs, as did associations with 4 phyla and 10 bacterial genera. In this study, we found elements supporting a polygenic background, with frequent variants, among the Mestizo population, and the colonic mucosal enrichment of Bacteroides, Alteromonas, Neisseria, Streptococcus, and Microbacterium, may serve as a hallmark for IBS.

Natural fibres in next-to-skin textiles: current perspectives on human body odour

This work highlights recent developments in understanding human body odour with particular attention to natural fibres used in next-to-skin textiles: fibre type and fabric structure affecting patterns of adsorption and release of volatile organic compounds known as contributing to body odour; methods for detection and judging intensity of odour; and effects of environmental pressures which impinge on cleaning textiles and its efficacy. That the type of fibre has a dominant effect on adsorption and release of volatile organic compounds is a common finding from multiple and varied investigations. Ranking body odour retained in textiles from least intense to most intense—wool, cotton, polyester/polyamide—is reasonably consistent irrespective of method. Blends of different fibres and re-use/up-cycling warrant investigation with respect to adsorption and release of volatile organic compounds.

Environmental pressure effects on thermal runaway and fire behaviors of lithium-ion battery with different cathodes and state of charge

The environmental pressure effect on thermal runaway and fire behaviors in the 18650 lithium-ion battery (LIB) with various cathodes and states of charge (SOC) are experimentally investigated in this work. The fire hazards were characterized by the combustion process, total mass loss (TML) and total heat release (THR). The TML and THR increase with the ascending of the SOC at two pressures. The amount of materials ejected by both LiFePO4 and LiCoO2 batteries during the combustion is slightly affected by the environmental pressure. Meanwhile, the environmental pressure has a significant influence on the combustion heat that the THR value at high pressure is relatively bigger than that at low pressure. The unit growth rate in combustion heat between the two pressures also increases with the SOC.

Antibiotics Disturb the Microbiome and Increase the Incidence of Resistance Genes in the Gut of a Common Soil Collembolan.

Gut microbiota make an important contribution to host health but the effects of environmental pressures on the gut microbiota of soil fauna are largely uncharacterized. Here, we examine the effects of norfloxacin and oxytetracycline on the gut microbiome of the common soil collembolan Folsomia candida and concomitant changes in the incidence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut and in growth of the collembolan. Exposure to 10 mg antibiotics kg-1 for 2 weeks significantly inhibited the growth of the collembolan with roughly a 10-fold decrease in 16S rRNA gene abundance. Antibiotics did alter the composition and structure of the collembolan gut microbiome and decreased the diversity of the gut bacteria. A decline in the firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio in the antibiotic-treated collembolans may be responsible for the decrease in body weight. Exposure to antibiotics significantly increased the diversity and abundance of ARGs in the collembolan gut. The Mantel test and Procrustes analysis both reveal that ARGs and gut microbiota were significantly correlated with one another ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that antibiotics may induce a shift in the gut microbiota of nontarget organisms such as soil collembolans and thereby affect their growth and enrichment of ARGs.

Effect of environmental pressure on heat and mass transfer characteristics for fin-and-tube heat exchangers under non-unit Lewis factor

The heat and mass transfer characteristics for fin-and-tube heat exchangers with low environmental pressures have been experimentally investigated. The variation trends of the jh factor, jm factor and Lewis factor were examined in this study when environmental pressure decreases from 101.3 to 40kPa. The errors caused by non-unit Lewis factor when calculating the total heat transfer rate using the logarithmic mean enthalpy difference (LMED) method were discussed. It was found that the inlet humidity ratio for the incoming air is inversely proportional to environmental pressure under the experimental conditions. Both the heat and mass transfer performances decrease when the environmental pressure is reduced. However, the jm factor shows a transient rise when Re<1100. Test results show that the heat and mass transfer analogy is roughly applicable, and the Lewis factor is in the range of 0.73–0.96. The maximal relative deviation of the total heat transfer rate calculated by the LMED method is about 18.7%. However, a modified LMED (m-LMED) method can describe the total heat transfer rate within 3.8%.

Effects of environmental pressures on morphological and chemical characteristics of leaf material of Pistacia lentiscus in the coastal and inland areas in the west of Algeria

Effects of environmental pressures on morphological and chemical characteristics of leaf material of Pistacia lentiscus in the coastal and inland areas in the west of Algeria

Religious Veiling as a Mate-Guarding Strategy: Effects of Environmental Pressures on Cultural Practices

Male parental investment can contribute to the fitness of both sexes through increased fertility and child survivorship. The level and intensity of parental investment are dependent upon ecological variations: in harsh and demanding environments, the need for biparental care increases. Moreover, when environmental pressures increase, uncertainty over paternity may lead to favoring stricter mate-guarding practices, thus directing males to invest more effort toward controlling and guarding their mates from infidelity. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that religious veiling, as a social and cultural practice which regulates and restricts sexuality, will be more important in harsher environments. Our results show that harsh and demanding environments are associated with the importance of religious veiling and the level of religiosity, providing a link between cultural practices such as religious veiling and ecological variation.

Emergence and Spread of an All-Inclusive System in the Turkish Tourism Sector and Strategic Responses of Accommodation Firms

This study investigates the effect of environmental pressures on the emergence and spread of the all-inclusive system (AIS) in the Turkish tourism sector, and the strategic responses given by accommodation firms in the Antalya region. Accommodation firms face pressures from external actors (institutional perspective), while also being dependent on other organizations (resource dependence perspective) in ensuring the smooth performance of their activities under the conditions of high environmental uncertainty. An integrated perspective of neo-institutional theory and resource-dependence theory is employed to examine the national, institutional and organizational contexts that are assumed to be influential in the emergence and spread of AIS, with both qualitative and quantitative research methods being used. The major findings of the study indicate that economic and political changes in the national context; coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures in the institutional context; and strategic responses of accommodation firms to environmental pressures in the organizational context have been influential in the emergence and spread of AIS. The study concludes with a summary of the theoretical and practical implications, and suggestions for future research.

Uncertainty and commitment in commissioning of health services

This article reports on the use of management accounting information in commissioning of health services in England. The effects of environmental pressures and uncertainty on the use of this information in the decision-making process was examined. The relationship was further analysed from the perspective of interorganizational dependence and commitment with reference to particular financial management and budgeting practices. A more integrated approach to health care commissioning could be achieved by better harmonizing fund allocation, performance measurement and management systems and by supporting cultivation of joint multiprofessional groups so that regional hubs of information could be used to formulate consistent, bottom-up and lasting local strategies to secure inter-organizational trust and mutual dependency between local health alliances.

Experimental study of air squeeze effect on high-frequency friction contact

A special tribometer was developed which was used to test sliding friction force between PTFE-based composites and bronze with normal (out-of-plane) or transverse (in-plane) high-frequency vibrations under three different environmental pressures. The influences of environmental pressure, vibration amplitude and sliding velocity on sliding friction coefficient were studied. The results show that the effect of environmental pressure on reduction of sliding friction is outstanding. With the increase of vacuum, the reduction of sliding friction by high-frequency vibrations decreased, especially the reduction of sliding friction by normal vibration. The sliding friction coefficient with high-frequency vibrations slowed down as the vibration amplitude increased. With increase of sliding velocity, the time-averaged friction coefficient with transverse vibration increased.