Effects Of Enterococcus Faecium Research Articles

Effects of Enterococcus faecium (R8a) on nonspecific immune gene expression, immunity and intestinal flora of giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)

In this study, Penaeus monodon were gave basic feed supplemented with three levels of Enterococcus faecium. Then, the expression of non-specific immunity-related genes, and the activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), phenol oxidase (PO) were evaluated. Meanwhile, the disease resistance test and intestinal flora determination were conducted. The results showed that the MDA levels of 2% and 5% E. faecium groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). While the SOD and T-AOC and ACP and AKP of experimental groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05), the PO of experimental groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the expressions of immunity-related genes (tlr22, dorsal, lysozyme, crustin, imd, and relish) in the 2% and 5% E. faecalis groups were significantly greater than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After P. monodon was challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus for 7 days, the average cumulative mortality of P. monodon in the 2% and 5% groups were significantly lower than that in the 0% group (P < 0.05). With the increase of feeding time, the number of effective OTUs in each group showed a downward trend. At the 14th d, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the dominant flora in the intestinal tract of P. monodon. In summary, supplied with E. faecium could increase the expression of non-specific immunity-related genes, enhance the immune capacity of P. monodon.

Effects ofEnterococcus faecium SLB130 probiotic onthe performance ofweaning pigs.

This study aims toanalyse the effect ofan Enterococcus faeciumSLB130 probiotic onthe growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profile inweaning pigs. Atotal of200weaning pigs were taken and assigned to1of5dietary treatments according totheir average initial body weight and sex inacomplete randomisedblock design. The experimental diets were asfollows: CON- basal diet, and the basal diet supplemented with 2.5×105cfu/g (TRT1), 1.29×106cfu/g (TRT2), 1.15×107cfu/g (TRT3), and 1.1×108cfu/g (TRT4) ofE.faecium for 6weeks. Pigs fed adiet containing anE.faeciumSLB130 probiotic supplement significantly increased (P<0.05) the body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake atweeks 1, 3, 6, and theoverall period. Inaddition, the E.faeciumSLB130 (P<0.05) supplement group pigs showed anincreased gain tofeed ratio atweek6 and theoverall experimental period. Moreover, the dietary inclusion ofthe E.faeciumSLB130 probiotic supplement linearly increased (P<0.05) the nutrient digestibility ofthe dry matter and nitrogen, however, there were noimprovements observed onweanling pigs' blood profile. Insummary, the inclusion ofan E.faecium SLB130 probiotic additive inthe weanling pigs' diet would bebeneficial toenhance their growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

Effect of Enterococcus faecium as a Water and/or Feed Additive on the Gut Microbiota, Hematologic and Immunological Parameters, and Resistance Against Francisellosis and Streptococcosis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

In the present study, we evaluated the effects of administering Enterococcus faecium in food and/or water on the hematological and immunological parameters, intestinal microbiota, resistance to bacterial diseases (streptococcosis and francisellosis) and growth of Nile tilapia. Before the in vivo experiment, probiotic bacteria isolated from Nile tilapia were selected via inhibition tests. Sequencing, annotation, and assembly of the complete genome of the selected bacteria as well as other tests were performed using bioinformatics tools. Three treatments were implemented: G1 (probiotic feeding), G2 (probiotic in water), and G3 (probiotic in food and water); and a negative control (NC) was also employed. Treatment lasted 38 days, and each group consisted of fish and two repetitions. The fish were divided and infected with Streptococcus agalactiae S13 (serotype Ib) and Francisella orientalis. The G1 group had a higher average final weight gain than the G2, G3, and NC groups. Further, a significant increase in the number of thrombocytes was observed in the groups administered probiotics in the diet (G1 and G3). A statistical difference was observed in the mortality of fish infected with S. agalactiae in the NC compared to the treated groups. Cetobacterium was the 43 most abundant genus in the intestinal microbiota of all groups, including the NC group. E. faecium increased the immunity of fish administered the treatment and decreased the mortality caused by S. agalactiae. As an autochtone probiotic, E. faecium does not interfere with the local ecosystem and thus has a great probiotic potential for Nile tilapia in Brazil.

Effects of Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus succinus starters on the production of volatile compounds during doenjang fermentation

Bacterial starters Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus succinus were introduced into the manufacture of doenjang, a Korean fermented soybean paste, together with a fungal starter to determine the effect of bacterial starters on flavor production during doenjang fermentation. Starters cultured on soybean flakes and rice were mixed with autoclaved soybeans and then refined salt was added to 12% (w/w) to prepare doenjang samples. The doenjang samples were ripened at 20 °C and their volatile compounds were analyzed on days 0, 28, 56, and 84. The numbers of bacteria from starter cultures in the samples decreased gradually. The content of amino-type nitrogen in samples decreased as the proportion of bacterial starter culture used in doenjang preparation increased. Nineteen volatile compounds were detected in doenjang samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and were subjected to principal component analysis. Addition of bacterial starters distinctively changed the flavor of doenjang compared with that prepared with a fungal starter alone. Acetic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, and 3-methylbutanoic acid were important volatile compounds determining flavor development in the doenjang employing bacterial starters. Starter-specific as well as highly-produced volatile compounds determined the directionality of flavor during doenjang ripening. Raw materials used for the starter culture preparation also affected the flavor.

Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic Enterococcus faecium on growth performance and gut microbiota in weaned piglets

The adverse effects of antibiotics have attracted widespread attention, thus reducing the use of antibiotics in animal feed has become a very important issue in improving of the health of livestock. The effects of Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) on growth performance and gut microbiota in weaned piglets were investigated in the present study. Piglets were randomly assigned to four treatments: a control group fed with a diet containing 75 mg/kg aureomycin (Diet 1 group) and three experimental groups fed with diets of 50 mg/kg aureomycin (Diet 2 group), 50 mg/kg aureomycin + 9 × 105 CFU/g E. faecium (Diet 3 group), or 50 mg/kg aureomycin + 1.2 × 106 CFU/g E. faecium (Diet 4 group). Their gut microbial communities were analyzed by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16SrRNA gene. The results showed that the final body weights and the average daily gain of the weaned piglets in the Diet 2 group were higher (P = 0.05) than those in the Diet 1 or Diet 3 group. Decreasing trends (P = 0.08) was observed in mortality rate in the Diet 3 and 4 group when compared with that in the Diet 1 group. Increases in the Sobs, Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indexes and a decrease in the Simpson index were observed at intervals from day 1 to 14 (P < 0.05). The Sobs, Chao1, and ACE indexes in the Diet 3 group were the lowest on day 14 (P < 0.05). The abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased and that of Proteobacteria was decreased from day 1 to 7, but both of them kept stable from day 7 to 14. Besides, the lowest abundance of Fusobacteria, Lentisphaerae, and Planctomycetes was observed on day 1 and the lowest abundance of Actinobacteria was observed on day 14 in the Diet 3 group (P < 0.05). Overall, these results suggest that the antibiotics and E. faecium interventions result in different changes in the gut microbiota, and a reduced antibiotics diet supplemented with 1.2 × 106 CFU/g E. faecium does not affect the growth performance in weaned piglets.

Effects of the Dietary Probiotic, Enterococcus faecium NCIMB11181, on the Intestinal Barrier and System Immune Status in Escherichia coli O78-Challenged Broiler Chickens

The effects of Enterococcus faecium on growth, intestinal barrier function, and immune response in Escherichia coli O78-challenged broiler chickens were investigated. Three hundred eight 1-day-old Ross male chickens were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: negative control (C), E. coli O78-infected positive (EP), and E. coli O78-infected with 200 mg/kg E. faecium dietary supplementation (EF). E. faecium significantly increased the body weight on day 10 (P < 0.05) and day 15. Furthermore, these birds had a greater average daily gain compared with the other groups during days 1–10 (P < 0.05). The death rate of the EF chickens dramatically declined. E. faecium supplementation improved the jejunal villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P < 0.05) 3 and 7 days post-infection. The mRNA expression of claudin-1 significantly increased by E. faecium (P < 0.05) 3 and 7 days post-infection, and Mucin2 was markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) 3 days post-infection. E. faecium upregulated the mRNA expression of PPAR-γ and IL-10 (P < 0.05) and downregulated that of NF-κB, TLR4, and IL-1β (P < 0.05) in the spleen 3 and 7 days post-infection. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation index was markedly enhanced in the EF group (P < 0.05) 3 days post-infection. The increased liver E. coli number caused by the E. coli O78 challenge was significantly reversed by E. faecium (P < 0.05). E. faecium improved growth and reduced the death rate by regulating the immune response and maintaining the intestinal integrity in E. coli O78-challenged broiler chickens.

Influence of Enterococcus faecium and Endo-1,4-xylanase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora and fecal gas emission, and meat quality in finishing pigs fed with corn-soybean meal based diet

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Enterococcus faecium (EF) and endo-1,4-β-xylanase (XY) in finishing pigs. The pigs were randomly divided into four treatments with eight replicati...

259 Effects of Enterococcus faecium on growth performance, blood parameters, relative organ weight, breast muscle meat quality, excreta microbial shedding, and noxious gas emission in broilers

259 Effects of Enterococcus faecium on growth performance, blood parameters, relative organ weight, breast muscle meat quality, excreta microbial shedding, and noxious gas emission in broilers

Effects of Enterococcus faecium, mannan oligosaccharide, benzoic acid and their mixture on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, intestinal morphology and blood lymphocyte subpopulations of fattening pigs

A total of 160 pigs were used during the fattening period to evaluate the efficacy of a probiotic, a mannan-oligosaccharide, an organic acid and their mixture on growth performance, intestinal microbiota composition, intestinal morphology and immune response. Pigs were randomly distributed into five treatments with four replicates of eight pigs per pen: control group was fed with a basal finishing ration, whereas the other groups received the same basal diet further supplemented either the probiotic Cylactin® at 35mg/kg (containing 2×1010CFU/gr Enterococcus faecium), or the mannan-oligosaccharide Biomos® at 1g/kg, or the organic acid Vevovital® at 5g/kg (containing 100% benzoic acid) or a mixture of the examined substances (35mg/kg Cylactin®, 1g/kg Biomos® and 5g/kg benzoic acid). At the end of the trial all pigs were weighed and slaughtered, and samples were taken for blood, histologic and microbiologic analyses. Total counts of aerobes and anaerobes, Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, Enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae and Coliforms, were enumerated by conventional microbiological techniques at both jejunum and cecum. Intestinal morphology was carried out in the jejunum, for villus height, crypt depth and goblet cells evaluation. Blood samples were evaluated by flow cytometry to assess the immune response of lymphocyte subpopulations. The results showed that dietary inclusion of a mixture of probiotic, prebiotic and organic acid improved growth performance of fattening pigs despite that each additive alone did not have a significant effect. Jejunal villus height was also increased in the group received the mixture of the feed additives compared to the mannoligosaccharide group, although no differences were noted on the goblet cell numbers among the different groups. The inclusion of the E. faecium increased the enterococci counts in both group receiving the probiotic in digesta samples of both jejunum and cecum; however no differences were noted in the total B- and T-helper cytotoxic cell populations in the presence or absence of the nutritional factors studied, although their ratio (CD4/CD8) was decreased in the group that received the mixture of the feed additives. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with a combination of probiotic, mannan-oligosaccharide and organic acid could promote growth in fattening pigs and improve their intestinal microbiota and functionality.

A prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study on the effect of Enterococcus faecium on clinical activity and intestinal gene expression in canine food-responsive chronic enteropathy.

BackgroundCanine chronic enteropathies (CE) are believed to be caused by an aberrant immune response towards the intestinal microbiome. Administration of probiotics can alleviate colitis in people. In vitro effects of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 E1707 (EF) previously have been evaluated using canine cells (e.g., whole blood, intestinal biopsies), but data on in vivo efficacy are lacking.Hypothesis/ObjectivesAdministration of EF to dogs with food‐responsive CE will improve clinical outcome and decrease the intestinal inflammatory profile.AnimalsDogs diagnosed with CE were prospectively recruited to receive a hydrolyzed elimination diet plus either a synbiotic product containing EF or placebo for 6 weeks. Both veterinary staff and owners were blinded to the treatment.MethodsClinical severity index (CCECAI), clinicopathological data and gene expression using intestinal biopsies (TLR2/4/5/9, IL‐17A, IL‐22, IL‐23p19, RORC, IL‐2, IL‐12p35, TNFα, IL‐4, IFNy, IL‐10, TGFβ, IL‐1β, IL‐18, NLRP3, casp‐1, TFF1, TFF3 and PPARy) before and after 6 weeks of treatment were analyzed using linear mixed modeling.ResultsOf the 45 cases recruited, 12 finished the clinical trial. Seven received the synbiotic and 5 the placebo product. There was no difference between groups or treatments regarding clinical efficacy, histology scores or expression of any of the investigated genes.Conclusions and clinical importanceStandard dietary treatment induced rapid clinical response in all cases. Because the study was underpowered, it was not possible to determine whether or not EF had an additional effect within the time period of 6 weeks.

Effects of Enterococcus faecium on Diet in the Dynamics of CD4+ and CD8+ Cell Infiltration in the Intestinal Mucosa of Broilers Challenged with Salmonella Minnesota

Effects of Enterococcus faecium on Diet in the Dynamics of CD4+ and CD8+ Cell Infiltration in the Intestinal Mucosa of Broilers Challenged with Salmonella Minnesota

Effects of Enterococcus faecium and dried whey on broiler performance, gut histomorphology and intestinal microbiota

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing a broiler starter diet with the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 and dried whey (80% lactose) on chick performance, gut histomorphology and intestinal microbiota. One-day-old male Ross 308 strain broiler chickens were fed diets containing: (i) control feed, (ii) control + 3.5% dried whey, (iii) control + 0.2%E. faecium, and (iv) control + 3.5% dried whey + 0.2%E. faecium. Birds were maintained in battery brooders confined in an environmentally controlled experimental room. The experiment lasted for 21 days. Birds fed E. faecium or E. faecium + dried whey exhibited significantly improved weight gain and feed conversion rate (FCR). Weight gain and FCR of treatment groups 1 – 4 were 628.7, 657.8, 690.9, 689.3 and 1.218, 1.193, 1.107, 1.116, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria counts in both the ileal content and excreta were significantly affected by dietary treatment. Supplementation of the E. faecium and dried whey separately and in combination increased lactic acid bacteria colonization in the ileal content from 4.2 to 5.0, 7.8 and to 5.1 log cfu/g, respectively (treatments 1 – 4). Similarly, supplementation of dried whey and E. faecium separately and in combination increased lactic acid bacteria in the excreta from 5.3 to 5.5, 8.0 and to 7.2 log cfu/g, respectively. Addition of the probiotic E. faecium increased villus height in the ileum (p < 0.05). Thus, supplementation of E. faecium enhanced broiler chick performance with respect to weight gain and FCR. No additive effect of E. faecium and dried whey was detected. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between E. faecium and dried whey with respect to gut histomorphology.

Effect of Enterococcus faecium on microbiological, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Greek Feta cheese

Greek Feta cheese was prepared using as adjunct starter cultures Enterococcus faecium FAIR-E 198, E. faecium FAIR-E 243, and their combination. Numbers of enterococci in the control and in the batches containing E. faecium strains as adjunct starters rapidly increased until day 15 of ripening, and then remained constant. Both E. faecium strains positively affected the counts of non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB), micrococci and coliforms, while thermophilic cocci were not influenced. Moreover, E. faecium FAIR-E 243 enhanced the growth of mesophilic cocci and thermophilic bacilli. Physicochemical characteristics, such as pH, moisture, ash, salt in moisture and fat in dry matter (FDM) were not influenced by the addition of the E. faecium strains. The most pronounced effect was observed in the case of proteolysis. Both E. faecium strains, either as sole adjunct starter or in combination, increased the proteolytic index and the free amino groups concentration, and enhanced degradation of α s1- and β-caseins in comparison to the control. Furthermore, the reverse-phase (RP)-HPLC peptide profiles of the water-soluble nitrogen (WSN) fractions were significantly affected by the addition of enterococci. The main volatile compounds produced were ethanol, acetate, acetone, acetaldehyde, acetoin and diacetyl, with highest amounts determined for ethanol, followed by acetate. Both E. faecium strains positively affected taste, aroma, colour and structure of the full-ripened cheeses, as well as the overall sensory profile. The present work emphasizes the technological significance of E. faecium strains and supports their use as adjunct cultures in the manufacture of Feta cheese.

The Effects of Enterococcus faecium and Selenium on Methotrexate Treatment in Rat Adjuvant‐induced Arthritis

The effects of probiotic bacteria Enterococcus faecium (EF) and selenium were studied on methotrexate (MTX) treatment in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA). Arthritic rats were preventive treated orally with the following substances: lyophilized EF (15 mg/kg/day, 5 days a week); sodium selenite pentahydrate (SSe, 0.050 mg/kg containing 0.015 mg/kg selenium, 5 days a week); MTX (0.6 mg/kg/week), and their combinations for the period of 50 days from adjuvant application. Levels of serum albumin, serum nitrite/nitrate concentrations, hind paw swelling, arthrogram scores, whole body bone mineral density (BMD), and bone erosions were evaluated as markers of inflammation and destructive changes associated with arthritis. Long-term preventive treatment with low-dose MTX significantly inhibited the markers of both inflammation and arthritis. EF or SSe when administered singly or in combination had no significant effect on given parameters in arthritic rats. EF but not SSe potentiated the beneficial effects of MTX, which resulted in a more significant reduction of hind paw swelling, arthrogram scores and whole body BMD decrease. EF had a tendency to improve also the effect of MTX on serum albumin and nitrite/nitrate concentrations. Our results indicate that EF may increase the preventive effect of MTX treatment in rat AA by improving its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects.