Effects Of Different Storage Time Research Articles

Deeper insight into the storage time of food waste on black soldier fly larvae growth and nutritive value: Interactions of substrate and gut microorganisms

Biological treatment of food waste (FW) by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is considered as an effective management strategy. The composition and concentrations of nutrients in FW change during its storage and transport period, which potentially affect the FW conversion and BSFL growth. The present study systematically investigated the effect of different storage times (i.e., 0–15 d) on FW characteristics and its substantial influence on the BSFL growth. Results showed that the highest larvae weight of 282 mg and the shortest growth time of 14 days were achieved at the group of FW stored for 15 days, but shorter storage time (i.e., 2–7 d) had adverse effect on BSFL growth. Short storage time (i.e., 2–4 d) improved protein content of BSFL biomass and prolonged storage time (i.e., 7–10 d) led to the accumulation of fat content. The changes of substrate characteristics and indigenous microorganisms via FW storage time were the main reasons for BSFL growth difference. Lactic acid (LA) accumulation (i.e., 19.84 g/L) in FW storage for 7 days significantly limited the BSFL growth, leading to lowest larvae weight. Both the substrate and BSFL gut contained same bacterial communities (e.g., Klebsiella and Proteus), which exhibited similar change trend with the prolonged storage time. The transfer of Clostridioides from substrate to BSFL gut promoted nutrients digestion and intestinal flora balance with the FW stored for 15 days. Pathogens (e.g., Acinetobacter) in BSFL gut feeding with FW storage time of 7 days led to the decreased digestive function, consistent with the lowest larvae weight. Overall, shorter storage time (i.e., 2–7 d) inhibited the BSFL digestive function and growth performance, while the balance of the substrate nutrients and intestinal flora promoted the BSFL growth when using the FW stored for 15 days.

Changes in amino acids, catechins and alkaloids during the storage of oolong tea and their relationship with antibacterial effect

The storage process has a significant impact on tea quality. Few is known about effect of storage on quality of oolong tea. This study aimed to assess the effect of different storage times on the key chemical components of oolong tea by measuring changes in catechin, free amino acid, and alkaloid content. Variation in the main substances was determined by principal component analysis and heat map analysis. The results revealed notable effects of the storage process on the levels of theanine, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and glutamine. These findings suggest that these compounds could serve as indicators for monitoring changes in oolong tea quality during storage. Additionally, the study observed an increase in the antibacterial ability of tea over time. Correlation analysis indicated that the antibacterial ability against Micrococcus tetragenus and Escherichia coli was influenced by metabolites such as aspartic acid, threonine, serine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, ornithine, alanine, arginine, and EGCG. Overall, this study presents an approach for identifying key metabolites to monitor tea quality effectively with relatively limited data.

The Impact of Blood Sample Processing on Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Sequencing.

In gene quantification and expression analysis, issues with sample selection and processing can be serious, as they can easily introduce irrelevant variables and lead to ambiguous results. This study aims to investigate the extent and mechanism of the impact of sample selection and processing on ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing. RNA from PBMCs and blood samples was investigated in this study. The integrity of this RNA was measured under different storage times. All the samples underwent high-throughput sequencing for comprehensive evaluation. The differentially expressed genes and their potential functions were analyzed after the samples were placed at room temperature for 0h, 4h and 8h, and different feature changes in these samples were also revealed. The sequencing results showed that the differences in gene expression were higher with an increased storage time, while the total number of genes detected did not change significantly. There were five genes showing gradient patterns over different storage times, all of which were protein-coding genes that had not been mentioned in previous studies. The effect of different storage times on seemingly the same samples was analyzed in this present study. This research, therefore, provides a theoretical basis for the long-term consideration of whether sample processing should be adequately addressed.

Harmonization of OF LC‐MS oxylipin analysis to investigate lipid mediator formation and signaling in immune cells

The oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ‐ oxylipins ‐ are formed via enzymatic conversion by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases (LOX) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases or by autoxidation. Together with multiple PUFA substrates this leads to a large variety of oxylipins, whose physiological functions are ‐ besides those of well‐studied prostaglandins and leukotrienes ‐ little understood. The interplay of several PUFA‐oxidizing enzymes, as in the case of multihydroxylated oxylipins, additionally complicates the investigation of their biosynthesis. Due to regulatory crosstalk and complex interactions of different oxylipin classes during physiological processes, such as inflammation, a study of the whole oxylipin profile rather than individual compounds is necessary. Therefore, in order to understand the functions of these lipid mediators potent and reliable biochemical methods and (molecular) biological models are required, in combination with sensitive and sound preanalytical, analytical and post‐analytical procedures for their investigation.The first part of this thesis investigated the relevance of harmonizing such analytical methods for the quantitative determination of oxylipins in biological samples. Based on the outcome of an international laboratory comparison, comparable and reproducible results were obtained across independent laboratories when these harmonized methods were used for sample preparation and analysis by means of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The examination of the effect of different storage times and temperatures as a parameter of pre‐analytics demonstrated that oxylipin levels in plasma samples are robust to long‐term storage and, furthermore, to minor variations during plasma generation. As accurate quantification of oxylipin concentrations rises and falls with the quality of analytical standards, a strategy for the verification of oxylipin standard concentrations with mass‐ spectrometry and UV spectroscopy based approaches using certified standard compounds was presented.In the second part of the thesis the established methods were applied to study the biosynthesis of oxylipins in immune cells with a special attention to the involved LOX. Stimulation of primary human M2‐like macrophages with the liver X receptor (LXR) agonist T09 led to a massive induction of ALOX15 gene expression and thus, 15‐LOX abundance and activity. Cholesterol derivatives were identified as potent endogenous ligands of LXR yielding increased 15‐LOX abundance and activity. The examination of 5‐LOX induced synthesis of multihydroxylated metabolites through supplementation of neutrophils with 15‐HETE, 18‐ HEPE and 17‐HDHA primary leads to formation of double oxygenated oxylipins. In intact cells 5‐LOX preferred DHA‐derived 17‐HDHA as substrate, whereas upon cell integrity destruction the formation of 15‐HETE derived multihydroxylated oxylipins increased.With the combination of harmonized protocols for sampling and analysis this thesis sets the basis for the reliable quantification of oxylipins. The use of the optimized methodologies allowed to further characterize regulatory pathways of the ARA cascade in human immune cells, contributing to a more thorough understanding of inflammation regulation.

The effect of different storage times and methods on the chemical and organoleptic properties of white cooked rice and black cooked rice

<abstract> <p>Storage of rice for a certain period of time can lead to decrease in the quality of rice, hence the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of storage method and duration on total sugar content, starch, and preference level of Inpari 43 GSR white rice and black rice Sembada Hitam varieties. The research was conducted at the Food Biochemical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gajah Mada University The stage of this research is to cook the rice, and the storage time in two ways inside and outside the rice cooker is 0, 9, 18, and 27 hours, respectively. Then tested for sugar content, starch and level of preference. The experimental design used was factorial randomized design with 3 replications The stage of this research is to cook the rice, and the storage time in two ways inside and outside the rice cooker is 0, 9, 18, and 27 hours, respectively. Then tested for sugar content, starch and level of preference. The experimental design used was a factorial randomized design with 3 replications, while the Sembada Hitam variety had initial sugar content of 0.019%, and 0.007% when in stored in the rice cooker and 0.001% outside the rice cooker. The increase in starch content increased at 9 hours of storage in Inpari 43 GSR and Sembada Hitam varieties and a decreased at 18 and 27 hours. Based on the test of preference for color, aroma, taste and texture, panelists preferred 9 hours of storage in the rice cooker both on rice Inpari 43 GSR and Sembada Hitam because more suitable for consumption.</p> </abstract>

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF MICROBIAL GROWTH IN VACUUM-PACKAGED AND REFRIGERATED FRESH COW MEAT

Fresh meat is a highly perishable product due to its biological composition. This study examined the effect of different storage time (24, 48, 72 hours), gaseous permeability of packaging film (Aluminum foil and Polyethylene) on the growth of microorganisms (Bacteria and fungi) isolated from the refrigerated cow meat at constant temperature of 0°C. Microbial growth was modeled using Gompertz and Linear Regression Models. The bacteria count was observed to decrease as the storage time increases. While fungi count was observed to increase with increasing storage time. Aluminum foil packaged cow meat samples recorded lower microbial growth when compared to polyethylene packaged samples. In Gompertz model, the specific growth rate (μ) of the test organisms was observed to increase significantly upon a shift of storage time. The transition from 24 hours to 48 hours resulted in large changes in the growth profile with increased maximum population density (MPD) of the test organisms. However, lag phase of approximately two hours for bacteria and five hours for fungi was observed. An increase of storage time from 48 hours to 72 hours, an accelerated μ, higher MPD with reduced lag phase duration (LPD) was observed. In the linear regression model, the coefficient of determination (R2) values for aluminum foil packaged samples was 0.3 and polyethylene packaged samples was 0.1. Therefore, it can be concluded that varying storage time at constant temperature; μ and MPD of the test organisms significantly increased with decreasing LPD of both studied vacuum packaging films of the refrigerated fresh cow meat.

The effect of different storage times on the oxygen-carrying capacity of the exosomes of red blood cells.

After storing blood for a period of time, the structure and properties of the red blood cells (RBC) will change, which results in a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity, and further has a certain impact on their exosomes. Effective oxygen uptake (Q), P50, 2,3-DPG, and Na+-K+-ATP of RBC after different storage times were detected. Electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of RBC and the characteristics of secreting exosomes. Western blot was used to detect the expression of phenotypes CD63 and CD81 of exosomes, and the expression of mitochondrial riboprotein MRPS35 of exosomes was also detected to explore the mechanism of decreased function of RBC with the extension of preservation time. After the RBC suspension was prepared, the effective oxygen-carrying capacity (Q) and P50, as well as 2,3-DPG and Na+-K+-ATP were prepared. This was followed by morphology observation of erythrocyte exosomes using transmission electron microscope (TEM), and by western blot analysis of exosome phenotypes CD63 and CD81. Erythrocytes secrete exosomes, which results in abnormal expression of related proteins in mitochondria. This leads to increased ROS production, mitochondrial apoptosis and, finally, changes in or damage to erythrocytes. Changes in the rheological properties and oxygen-carrying functions of erythrocytes during preservation are all observable manifestations, and underlying these manifestations are mechanisms of damage to erythrocytes at a molecular level. Erythrocytes secrete exosomes, which results in abnormal expression of related proteins in mitochondria, increasing ROS production, mitochondrial apoptosis and, finally, changes or damage to erythrocytes.

The effect of different storage times at 5°C on the quality of yogurt with the addition of local taro starch (Colocasiaesculenta) as stabilizer

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of storage time at 5°C on the quality of yogurt with the addition of local Taro Starch as Stabilizer. The materials were used: fresh cow’s milk, skim milk, starter and taro starch. The research method used was a laboratory experiment using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with different storage times at 5°C, namely: 5 treatments including: P1: 1 day, P2: 7 days, P3: 14 days, P4: 21 days, P5: 28 days. Each treatment was repeated 4 times so that 20 research units were obtained. The variables observed were the syneresis, WHC, pH, and total acid of the yogurt. Data were analyzed by one way Anova and followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed storage time at a refrigerator temperature of 5°C gave a very significant difference (P≤0.01) to the syneresis, WHC, pH, and total acid of the yogurt. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the storage time of yogurt can last up to 21 days.

The effect of different storage times and storage conditions of two types of alginate impression on accuracy of master cast

The aims of this study were to determine the effect of using different storage time and storage media on the accuracy of two types of alginate impression material,Hydrogum soft and Hydrogum elastic. One hundred sixty impressions were recorded from a standard acrylic model using perforated trays. These impressions were divided into three main groups. In the first group,(48) impressions were stored at (3) times interval namely (15) minutes,(30) minutes,(60) minutes and left on the bench uncovered. In the second one,(48) impressions were stored in disposable plastic bags at the same time interval mentioned above. In the third one,(48) impressions were divided into (3) subgroups, the first one were only washed with tap water before pouring, the other two subgroups were immersed in Sodium Hypochiorite(0.5%) and ChlorhexidineGluconate(0.5%) disinfectant solutions for (30) minutes before pouring,(16) impression will be taken and poured immediately to be considered as a control for this study. A three dimensional measuring machine (3D) was used for measuring the dimensional change of stone casts, the results showed that there was no significant differences of casts accuracy produced from the two types of an alginate impression material. Storage of alginate impression material at (15) and (30) minutes on the bench or inside sealed plastic bags showed no significant differences in dimensional changes compared with control samples that poured immediately, Storage to (60) minutes showed a significant difference,washing alginate with tap water and immersion in chlorhexidine disinfectant solution (0.5%) for (30) minutes showed no significant difference Immersion in sodium hypochlorite (0.5%) for (30) minutes showed significant changes. It was concluded that alginate impression could be stored for (30) minutes inside bags without significant changes if the pouring of alginate impression will be delayed for any reason.

The effect of spray solution storage time on nicosulfuron efficacy applied in Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu

Nicosulfuron is the commonly used herbicide for the control of annual weeds and broadleaf weed species in maize production. However, little is known about the length of time nicosulfuron can remain in the spray tank prior to application in the field without impacting efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different storage times of the nicosulfuron spray solution on phytotoxicity, production and physiology of Marandu palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster cv. Marandu]. The experiment was analyzed in a 6 × 5 factorial arrangement with a complete randomized design. The treatments were six storage times of the nicosulfuron spray solution (0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h) applied in the Marandu palisadegrass, and five evaluation periods (0, 7, 14, 21 and 60 days after application). Phytotoxicity by the nicosulfuron in the Marandu palisadegrass had parabolic pattern as a function of the interaction between storage time and evaluation period. The photosynthetic rate decreased as a function of the days after nicosulfuron application and showed a discrete increase as a function of the spray solution storage time. Nicosulfuron solution acidifies with time and the effects on phytotoxicity decreased by 30% after 72 h.

Pengaruh Lama Penyimpanan Wafer Pakan Sampah Sayuran Terhadap Kandungan Fraksi Serat (Hemiselulosa, Selulosa dan Lignin)

ABSTRACT Vegetable waste can be an alternative in the supply of animal feed because it has a relatively good nutritional content but the condition is easy to rot, so needs processing through technology in the form of wafers to optimize the utilization of vegetable waste. This study aims to determine the effect of different storage times on fiber fractions and is expected to provide information on how to make wafer feed for ruminant.This research was conducted in April to June 2019 at the Laboratory of Agriculture at the University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu and continued by Van Soest analysts at the Bogor Institute of Agriculture Laboratory (IPB). The method used in this study is a Completely Randomized Design with A (control), B (stored for 1 week), C (stored for 2 weeks), D (stored for 3 weeks). The parameters observed were hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin.The results showed that the treatment was significantly different for the content of hemicellulose and lignin but not significantly for the cellulose content. The conclusion in this study is that the storage time of wafers for 21 days can reduce the content of hemicellulose and lignin, but can not reduce the content of cellulose. Keywords: Vegetable Waste, Wafers, Hemicellulose, Cellulose and Lignin.

Effects of storage time of bone marrow specimens on the detection results of plasma cells immunophenotyping by flow cytometry

Objective To explore the effects of different storage time of bone marrow specimens on the expressions of different antigens in normal plasma cells (nPC) and clone plasma cells (cPC) by flow cytometry. Methods The bone marrow samples of 12 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who were treated in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from September 2017 to January 2018 were selected as MM group. The minimum residual disease (MRD) level in MM group was 10-3-10-2. The bone marrow samples of 12 patients without plasma cell diseases were used as control group. Bone marrow samples were anticoagulated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dipotassium (EDTA-K2) and stored at 2-8 °C. The fluorescent antibodies CD56, CD138, CD45, CD38, CD117, CD81 and cκ, cλ, CD45, CD38, CD19, CD27 were labeled at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The average fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the above 10 antigens expressed in nPC and cPC was analyzed by Diva software. The proportion and absolute count of nPC in control group and cPC in MM group were analyzed. Results In control group, when stored for 24 h, compared with 0 h, the difference of MFI of antigens in nPC was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). When stored for 48 h, compared with 0 h, the MFI of CD38, CD138, CD27, cκ and cλ in nPC decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (28 943±6 591 vs. 23 569±7 587, P= 0.018; 1 412±399 vs. 817±223, P = 0.014; 12 855±3 734 vs. 9 210±3 660, P = 0.005; 26 712±9 025 vs. 17 247±5 078, P = 0.026; 17 707±8 633 vs. 8 307±3 158, P = 0.049); the MFI of CD45 increased, and the difference was statistically significant (7 694± 2 525 vs. 9 184±1 332, P = 0.037). When stored for 72 h, compared with 0 h, the MFI of cκ and cλ increased, but the differences were not statistically significant (both P > 0.05). In MM group, when stored for 24 h, compared with 0 h, the difference in MFI of antigens in cPC was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). When stored for 48 h, compared with 0 h, the MFI of CD38, CD138, CD81, cκ and cλ decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (16 664±11 744 vs. 10 130±10 026, P = 0.003; 2 041±1 145 vs. 1 371±696, P = 0.047; 2 679±784 vs. 1 524±1 153, P = 0.025; 29 102±18 138 vs. 18 372±10 327, P = 0.038; 16 314±12 728 vs. 9 752±6 271, P = 0.034). When stored for 72 h, compared with 0 h, the MFI of cκ and cλ increased, but the differences were not statistically significant (both P > 0.05). The absolute count of nPC and cPC gradually decreased with the prolongation of the storage time, and the difference was statistically significant (both P 0.05). Conclusion Different storage time of bone marrow samples has effects on the MFI of antigens and absolute count of nPC and cPC, and the detection should be completed within 48 h. Key words: Bone marrow; Plasma cell immunophenotyping; Flow cytometry; Storage time

Camel Milk Composition, Udder Health and Effect of Different Storage Times and Temperatures on Raw Milk Quality Using Camel Milking Machine “StimuLactor”

Camel Milk Composition, Udder Health and Effect of Different Storage Times and Temperatures on Raw Milk Quality Using Camel Milking Machine “StimuLactor”

Effect of different storage times on Japanese quail egg quality characteristics

The aim of this research was to monitor selected quality parameters of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) - the loss of egg weight, changing yolk and white index, Haugh units, egg yolks color. Quail eggs were stored for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks at 4 °C. The weight of the quail eggs ranged from 11.67 to 12.27 g. The ratio of the shell range 7.60 to 8.16 % (resp. 0.89 - 0.96 g), ratio of egg white from 59.33 to 62.10 % (resp. 6.31 - 6.66 g) and a ratio yolk of 30.13 - 32.88 % (resp. 3.68 - 3.91 g). The lost of egg weight ranged from 0.47 to 2.93 % during the quail eggs storage, corresponding to a weight loss of 0.26 - 0.58 g of the total weight of the eggs. The average values of the yolk index ranged from 42.67 - 48.53 % and the average values of the quail egg white index ranged from 6.77 to 11.35 %. The average Haugh units were set between 56.93 and 73.72. The color of quail egg yolk was determined using the La Roche scale with the most frequent value 3. During the quail eggs storage, a statistically significant difference was found with most of the quality traits observed.

Changes of chemical compositions and sulfur dioxide residues of Gastrodiae Rhizoma with different storage times

To study the effect of different storage time on the chemical compositions and sulfur dioxide residues of sulfur-fumigated Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR), and provide scientific basis for solving the quality and safety issues of sulfur-fumigated traditional Chinese medicinal materials. GR, sulfur-fumigated GR and its medicinal slices were stored under the same conditions, and then 8 active ingredients and sulfur dioxide residues were measured respectively. The results showed that the content of gastrodins in sulfur-fumigated GR and its medicinal slices was significantly lower than that in the non-fumigated GR. Moreover, the content of sulfur dioxide residue in sulfur-fumigated GR was significantly higher than that in its medicinal slices. That is to say, sulfur fumigation degree had significantly higher effect on GR quality as compared with its medicinal slices. During the whole storage time (8 months), the content of the eight chemical components in GR was not changed greatly in general. However, after the storage for 4 months, the content of 8 components and sulfur dioxide residues in all of GR samples were significantly changed. In particular, the content of sulfur dioxide residue in GR medicinal materials decreased up to 50% or more.

Effects of Different Storage Time and Temperature on Coagulation Function of Fresh Frozen Plasma after Thawing

To investigate the coagulation function changes of fresh frozen plasma storaged at different storage time and temperature after thawing. Forty unit of fresh frozen plasma were collected, and thawed at 37 °C for 25 minutes. Each unit was divided into 2 halves: one was stored at (4±2)°C for 72 hours and the other one was stored at (25±2) °C for 72 hours. At the time point of 0, 4, 24, 48 and 72 h, thromboela-stogram TEG was measured for all samples. At the the same time, factors V,VII,VIII and IX, APTT and PT were also measured for all the samples. Blood culture for all the samples was used to discover aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. All the samples could form a stable blood clot after thawing for 72 h, and the blood culture results of all samples were negative. Significant changes were observed in ACT and TMA between 0 h and other test time, but there was no difference between 4 °C and 25 °C. The activity of factor V was significantly different between 4 °C and 25 °C after storing for 48 and 72 hours, which was reduced faster at 25 °C. Although part of the coagulation factor activity were attenuated after fresh frozen plasma being thawed and stored for 72 hours at different temperature, but all samples can form stable blood clots. Fresh frozen plasma stored for more than 72 hrs after thawing can be used to supplement the coagulation factors to patient.

Effects of different storage time on hatching results and some egg quality characteristics of rock partridge (A. graeca) (management and production)

In this research, partridge eggs were stored during zero to 7, 8 to 14, 15 to 21, 22 to 28, 29 to 35 and 36 to 42 d, respectively. The effect of different egg storage periods on egg protein and moisture rates, mineral contents, and some egg quality and hatching characteristics were investigated. The extension of egg storage times didn't affect the external quality features like shell weight, shell thickness, and albumen rate, but it affected the yolk weight, yolk index, albumen index, and Haugh unit (P < 0.05). Yolk weight was increased and yolk index, albumen index, and Haugh unit values were decreased with the extension of storage time. Different storage times of partridge eggs did not have important effects on the protein rates. Protein and humidity rate of the eggs were 14.21 and 67.64%, respectively. There were some elements such as S, P, Na, K, and Ca, but Al, Cd, Co, Mo, and Pb could not be found in the partridge eggs. There is no effect of the storage time on the mineral content of the egg. Storage time had negative effect on fertility and hatchability after 21 d of storage d, but no effect on hatchability of fertile eggs. As this study showed, partridge eggs are resistant to long storage times, as partridge egg proteins can resist degradation in the optimum storage times. To determine egg degradation, the study should be focused on partridge eggshell features, which are responsible for degradation. As a result of this research, partridge eggs can be stored for 21 d under optimum storage conditions without any negative hatchability results.

Impact of different storage times at room temperature of unspun citrated blood samples on routine coagulation tests results. Results of a bicenter study and review of the literature.

A maximum delay between blood collection and coagulation testing of 4hours is recommended by most guidelines. As information on optimal storage times is limited, we investigated the potential effect of different storage times of unspun tubes, that is, ≤2, 4, 6, and 8hours, on routine coagulation test results. Four evacuated polymer tubes containing 0.109mol/L tri-Na citrate were drawn from 144 patients, including 39 patients on vitamin K-antagonists. Except for storage time, all tubes underwent the same preanalytical process. Prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, factor V (FV), FVIII, and D-dimer were evaluated in two centers using the same technical conditions. Analytical comparison of aPTT, fibrinogen, FV, and FVIII results evaluated after prolonged storage times vs a <2-hours storage demonstrated significant difference, whereas PT/INR and D-dimer remained unchanged up to 8hours. Mean bias between test results obtained after prolonged storage times remained below the desirable values for all studied parameters except for FVIII evaluated after 6- and 8-hours storages, but only in patients with FVIII above 100 IU/dL. Even though the corresponding bias of -5.2% and -8.5%, respectively, remained within the GEHT recommended limits of variation, its evaluation after an 8-hours storage could lead to significant underestimation of FVIII. These results suggest that, in the studied technical conditions, PT/INR, aPTT, fibrinogen, FV, and D-dimer can be reliably evaluated in tubes stored unspun at room temperature for up to 8 hours after blood collection. That optimal delay should be of 6hours for FVIII.

RESIDU PESTISIDA GOLONGAN ORGANOFOSFAT KOMODITAS BUAH CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annuum L.) PADA BERBAGAI LAMA PENYIMPANAN

PESTICIDES RESIDUAL OF ORGANOFOSPHATE CLASS OF RED CHILE (Capsicum annuum L.) ON VARIOUS STORAGE DURATIONIn order to control pests and diseases in red chili plants, farmers use pesticides was over as impact leaving residue in the chili. The purpose of this study was to determine type, dose and frequency of pesticides used by the farmers, as well as to determine the organophospate residual in chili on different storage times. This study was conducted in two phases namely survey to 10 respondent farmers in Baturiti district, Tabanan regency used questioner and treatment pilot study used different storage time from 0, 1 and 3 days samples took from Apuan Village, Baturiti, Tabanan. Class of organophosphate pesticide residue analysis conducted in Denpasar Branch Police Forensic Laboratory. The results showed dominant pesticides used was organophosphates profenofos (curacron) 60 % and klorpirifos (kaliandra) 20 %. Dose pesticides used was &gt; 40 ml (&gt; 4 bottle cover volume 10 ml) and &gt; 40 gram (&gt; 4 spoon) for tank volume 17 liter and also &gt; 30 ml (&gt; 3 bottle cover volume 10 ml) and &gt; 30 gram (&gt; 3 spoon) for tank volume 14 liter. Frequency of pesticides used by farmers on 1 plant season was 90 % more than 12 times and the other 10 % used frequency 10-12 times. Farmers do not comply dose and frequency with the pesticides used regulations. Analysis result showed that the treatment effect of different storage time is not real to organophosphate pesticide residues groupon red pepper. The average residues detected are indicating a trend with residue storage profenofos on day 0, 1 and day 3 for 1,20 mg/kg, 2,70 mg/kg and 1,37 mg/kg and the amount of chlorpyrifos residues on the storage day 0, day 1 and day 3 is 0,0027 mg/kg, 0,0039 mg/kg and 0,0021 mg/kg. Profenofos and chlorpyrifos residue content is still below the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) under the provisions of MRL profenofos on red pepper, which is 5 mg/kg and chlorpyrifos, which is 0,5 mg/kg.

Effects of Different Storage Time and Temperature on Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acid Profiles of Commercial Powder Goat Milk Products

Dehydration has a benefit of extending shelf life of foods, which can reduce or minimize nutritional and physicochemical changes in powdered goat milk products during storage. The objectives of this study were to evaluate physicochemical properties and fatty acid compositions of powdered goat milk (PGM) during storage. Three batches of commercial whole goat milk powders were purchased from a local retail outlet in Warner Robins, Georgia, and the PGM samples were stored at 4 and 22°C for 0, 2, and 4 months. Results showed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in peroxide value (POV) between storage temperatures and periods of the samples. PGM samples stored at higher temperature and longer period revealed higher lipid oxidation than those of lower temperature and shorter storage period. Storage time also had significant (P<0.05) influence on pHs, but not on water activity of PGM products. Fatty acid profiles showed that both C18:1 and C8:0 had the highest concentrations among all fatty acids tested in the PGM. Among the three main factors, batch and storage time had significant (P<0.05, 0.01, 0.001) effects on majority of fatty acids, while storage temperature had a minimal effect. Two-way interactions of storage temperature × storage time and batch × storage temperature had no significant impacts on fatty acid contents. However, 2-way interaction of batch x storage time was significant for most fatty acids, including C8:0, C10:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:0. In addition, 3-way interaction of batch x temperature x period had significant effects on C10:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C20:0. It was concluded that lipid oxidation of commercial PGM products were significantly (P<0.05) affected by storage temperature and period, while fatty acids contents were influenced by mainly batch, storage period and some interaction effects.