Effect Of Different Row Spacing Research Articles

Effects of Different Row Spacing on the Nutritional Value of Quinoa Silage

Climate changes in the world cause an increase in arid areas and saline soils, and at the same time, the increase in extreme climate and soil conditions restricts land use efficiency. In these areas, it becomes difficult to provide silage feed for animals. Therefore, the search for alternative forage plants is also increasing. Quinoa (Chenepodium quinoa Willd.) plant, which is resistant to arid, cold and salty soils, has an important alternative plant potential for silage production in extreme climate and soil conditions. For this purpose, a research was conducted on the silage nutrition values of 2 quinoa varieties (Cherry Vanilla and Read Head) grown at 4 different row spacing distances (17.5, 35.0, 52.5, 70.0 cm). In the research, It is aimed to determine crude ash content (CA), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), dry matter digestibility (DMD), dry matter consumption (DMI) and relative feed value (RFV), which have important nutritional values for animals. As a result of the research, it was determined that sowing seeds at different row spacings had a significant effect on CP, NDF, DMI and RFV of quinoa silage. There was no significant difference in the nutritional values of quinoa silage between varieties (except CP). According to the results of the research, it was determined that sowing with wide row spacing increased the nutritional value of quinoa silage.

Effect of Different Row Spacing and Sowing Density on Selected Photosynthesis Indices, Yield, and Quality of White Lupine Seeds

The use of appropriate plant spacing in the canopy is an important and cost-free agrotechnical factor for increasing seed yield. Proper row spacing and sowing density are important in maintaining adequate plant light, ensuring good physiological processes, and influencing the nutritional status of plants. As a consequence, this leads to better plant productivity while maintaining economic profitability. A four-year field experiment with white lupine was conducted in 2016–2019 at the Experimental Station for Cultivation Assessment in Przecław in southeastern Poland. The factors of the experiment were different row spacing (15 and 30 cm) and sowing density (60, 75, and 90 pcs m−2). Row spacing and sowing density had no significant effect on the yield obtained, the number of pods per plant, and the weight of 1000 seeds of white lupine. There was also no effect of experimental factors on nodulation and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, PI, and RC/R). The use of wider row spacing (30 cm) and the lowest sowing density (60 pcs m−2) resulted in the highest chlorophyll content. For the LAI index, the highest value was found at a row spacing of 15 cm. However, lower plant density per unit area had an effect on increasing the number of seeds per pod and seed weight per plant, which was associated with better conditions for plant growth. It was shown that greater competition between lupine plants in the canopy increased the height of the first pod set without affecting their height.

Response of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) variety Pusa Arhar 16 to different row spacing and intercropping systems

The experiment was conducted at Students Research Farm, Khalsa College, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, during the rainy (kharif) season of 2020–21, to study the effect of different row spacing and intercropping systems on growth and yield of ‘Pusa Arhar 16’ pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Results showed that, number of branches/plant and yield attributes were significantly higher under 100 cm × 20 cm than in 50 cm × 20 cm, while the seed yield of pigeonpea (1.41 tonnes/ha) and pigeonpea-equivalent yield (1.78 tonnes/ha) were found significantly higher under narrow spacing 50 cm × 20 cm than wider spacing, i.e., 100 cm × 20 cm (1.02 and 1.33 tonnes/ha). Higher net returns (80.4 × 103 `/ha) and benefit: cost (B : C) ratio (4.08) were recorded in 50 cm × 20 cm than in 75 cm × 20 cm (73.4 × 103 `/ha and 3.84) and 100 cm × 20 cm (53.9 × 103 `/ha and 3.10). Among the different intercropping systems, pigeonpea + pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] fodder gave the maximum pigeonpea-equivalent yield of 1.85 tonnes/ha, being superior to 1.31 tonnes/ha in sole pigeonpea and 1.38 tonnes/ha of pigeonpea + fingermillet, while it was at par with pigeonpea + greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] (1.80 tonnes/ha). Pigeonpea + pearlmillet fodder fetched higher net returns (84.8 × 103 `/ha) and B : C (4.25) ratio among the different intercropping systems.

The Effect of Different Row Spacing on Wheat Cultivars in Rainfall and Irrigation Conditions in Konya: I. Grain Yield and Yield Components

The Effect of Different Row Spacing on Wheat Cultivars in Rainfall and Irrigation Conditions in Konya: I. Grain Yield and Yield Components

Effects of Different Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Seed Yield and Some Yield Components of Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) in Tokat Region.

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.); is an considerable component of natural range and grassland, besides producing sufficient forage in environmentally restricted fields. In order to for increase birdsfoot trefoil cultivation, it is necessary to the sufficient quantity produce quality seeds. The information regarding the row spacing and seeding rate is important for achieving yield targets and better economic returns of birdsfoot trefoil. Our field study was carried out in order to determine the optimum row spacing and seeding rate for seed production of Sarıyıldız 60 variety that new registrated in the semi-arid climate conditions of the Central Black Sea transition zone, where this plant was not grown before. The field experiment was conducted at the using a randomized complete block split-plot design with three replicates in 2017 to 2019 growing seasons. The study were tested four different (20,40, 60 and 80 cm) row spacings and (5, 10, 15 and 20 kg-ha-1) seeding rates. Results of connectedly analysis showed that row spacing and seeding rate aplication on that the effect of on seed yield and number of pods per plant, 1000 seed weight was significant statistically but didn’t have any significant effect on number of seed per pod and harvest index. The interaction between row spacing and seedin rate did not show any significant statistical be different on seed yield and yield components. In general accepted, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the weight of thousand seeds and the harvest index decreases with the increase in the seed rate in all row spacings. Results showed that seed yield increases with narrower row spacing. The mean data from the three years experimental showed that the highest seed yield was obtained with plants grown in 40-20 cm row spacing’s at a seeding rate of 10-15 kg-ha-1 (24.8 and 25.7 kg per ha in respectively).

Optimizing Phosphorus and Row Spacing Management for the Production of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) in Vertisols of Ethiopia

Poor agronomic management such as nutrient management and plant density are critical challenges of lentil production in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of different row spacing and phosphorus (P) applications on the seed yield of lentil at Ude and Minjar, in 2017 up to 2019. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were comprised of a factorial arrangement of three levels of row spacing (20, 30 and 40 cm) and four levels of P fertilizer (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1). The result revealed that at Ude, the row spacing x P fertilizer interactions was a significant effect on the biomass, seed, and haulm yield of lentil. However, at Minjar; only the main effects of row spacing and P fertilizer had a significant effect on biomass, seed, and haulm yield. Phosphorus agronomic use efficiency was significantly influenced by the interaction of row spacing and P fertilizer. As a result, the highest phosphorus agronomic use efficiency was recorded at 30 kg P2O5 ha-1coupled with 20 cm row spacing at both locations. The economic analysis revealed that 20 cm row spacing and 30 kg P2O5 ha-1fertilizer managements gave the highest net benefit and acceptable marginal rate of return (MRR) as compared to other practices at both locations. Therefore, 20 cm row spacing and 30 kg P2O5 ha-1rate of fertilizer would be recommended to enhance the productivity of lentil in the study areas.

Effect of Spacing, Planting Methods and Nitrogen on Maize Grain Yield

ABSTRACT Maize (Zea mays L.) production in the developing countries takes place on marginal landscapes using indigenous planting methods that conflict with appropriate row spacing (RS) and plant to plant spacing (PPS). A study was conducted to determine the effect of different RS, variable plant densities and different planting methods on maize grain yield. This study was conducted for two years at three locations in Oklahoma including Lake Carl Blackwell (Port silt loam), Efaw (Ashport silty clay loam), and Perkins (Teller sandy loam-fine-loamy). Fourteen treatments were evaluated at each location in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included two RS (0.51 m, 0.76 m), three nitrogen (N) application rates (0, 60, 120 kg N ha−1), two PPS (0.15 m, 0.30 m) and two planting methods (Greenseeder hand planter; farmers practice). Results showed an increase in grain yield by 34% in 2017 and 44% in 2018 for the narrow RS of 0.51 m compared to the 0.76 m RS. This was likely due to increased plant population at the narrow RS. This study suggests that maize producers in developing countries could use narrow RS (0.51 m) with wide PPS (0.30 m) to increase grain yields.

Effect of Row Spacing and Weed Management Practices on the Performance of Aerobic Rice

Abstract Direct-seeded rice alternative to transplanted rice system is less labor intensive, easier to plant, and consume less water. The advantages of direct-seeded rice have been proved by many research workers, but yet it is not very much adapted by farmers. Weeds reduce cost effectiveness of direct-seeded rice. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different row spacing and weed management practices on the performance of aerobic rice at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, during summer season of 2013. Fine rice variety ‘Super Basmati’ was used for experiment in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangements with three replications. Hand drill sowing with row spacing comprised 15 cm, 22.5 cm, and 30 cm was practiced. Weed scouting hoeing (hand pulling is weed free treatment for comparison with the others and hoeing is a type of mechanical weeding) and pre-emergence herbicide, followed by post-emergence herbicide, were the weed management practices. Weeds data and rice yield parameters were measured. Maximum reduction in weed density (86%) and weed dry weight (79%) was recorded for pre-emergence, followed by for post-emergence herbicide in crop sown at 15 cm row spacing.

Effect of row width on splash erosion and throughfall in silage maize crops

Line width is one of the major factors affecting arable soil erosion. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of different row spacing on splash erosion and throughfall in maize crops. Field measurements of the throughfall (P<sub>th</sub>, mm) and splash erosion (MSR, g/m<sup>2</sup>) were carried out in silage maize crops (row spacing 0.45 and 0.75 m) in 2012–2014. The BBCH growth stages for the crops, plant length (L, m), and leaf area index (LAI) were evaluated. Positive correlation was observed between the aerial precipitation (P, mm) and the P<sub>th</sub> values. With increasing P-values, higher levels of P<sub>th</sub> were identified in the 0.75 m compared to the 0.45 m row spacing. The value of this proportion was decreasing from the centre of the inter-row (0.75 m) to the row of the plants direction. Statistically significant lower values of splash erosion were observed in the 0.45 m compared with the 0.75 m wide rows, especially within the years 2012 and 2014. The experiments proved the positive influence of the length of plants and LAI on P/P<sub>th </sub>values. A decrease of P<sub>th </sub> in relation to precipitation values with height of plants and LAI values was observed. This dependency was then confirmed from the beginning of the stem elongation (BBCH 30) to the end of flowering (BBCH 70). Tighter dependency between the plant length (L) and the values of P/P<sub>th</sub> ratio in the 0.75 m wide crop rows was determined. Conversely, a more important influence of LAI on the values of P/P<sub>th</sub> ratio was estimated in the 0.45 m wide crop rows. The experiments proved the positive influence of the 0.45 m wide rows on the decrease of splash erosion as well as throughfall compared with the 0.75 m row spacing.

Effect of Different Row Spacing, Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Yield Attributes, Productivity and Economics of Tef (Eragrostis Tef)

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three rows spacing, four levels of N and P2O5 fertilizer rates and their interaction on growth parameters, yield and yield components of tef during meher cropping season of 2015 at the research farm of Ambo University. Treatments were: three level of row spacing viz. 10cm, 20cm and 30cm and four levels of N and P2O5 fertilizer rates (50/50, 60/60, 70/70 and 80/80kg of N/P2O5 ha−1) with application of DAP as basal dose and Urea after 21 days of sowing. Highest growth parameters recorded were 10.9 for effective tillers for 80/80 kg N/P2O5 ha−1 with 10cm row spacing, 111cm in plant height, 37cm in panicle length at 50% flowering, 45cm in panicle length at 90% maturity for 80/80 kg N/P2O5 ha−1 with 20cm row spacing plant−1 respectively. Highest yield and yield components recorded were 3766.7 kg ha−1, 7350 kg ha−1, 11166.7 kg ha−1 and 34% in treatment of 80/80 kg N/P2O5 ha−1 with 10cm row spacing for grain yield, straw yield, biomass yield and harvest index respectively. Yield components were affected significantly by treatments with highest results observed in their interaction effects, where increments were 41.7% kg ha−1, 113.21% kg ha−1, 35.28% kgha−1 and 55.45% kg ha−1 for grain harvest index, yield, straw yield and biomass yield respectively from 80/80kg of N/P2O5 with 10cm spacing. Economic partial budget analysis shows that with 80/80 kg of N/P2O5 ha−1 fertilizer rate at 10cm row spacing resulted in maximum relative net return of ETB 50178ha−1 followed by ETB 48017 ha−1 for 70/70 kg of N/P2O5 ha−1 and ETB 38121 ha−1for 60/60 kgN/P2O5 ha−1.

Espaçamento entre linhas e horários de colheita na produção de biomassa e teor de óleo essencial de hortelã (Mentha arvensis L.)

A hortelã-pimenta é uma planta cultivada principalmente para a produção de óleo essencial e biomassa, que pode ser influenciada pelas condições ambientais. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a produção de biomassa e o teor de óleo essencial de hortelã (Mentha arvensis L.) Sob o efeito de diferentes espaçamentos entre linhas nos horários de plantio e colheita. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e seis tratamentos em fatorial 2x3, dois espaçamentos (0,40 x 0,30 me 0,60 x 0,30 m) e três épocas de colheita (6:00 às 7:00, 10:00 às 11:00 e 16:00 às 17:00). As características avaliadas foram: clorofila total, temperatura das folhas no período da colheita (° C), biomassa fresca total das folhas (t ha-1), biomassa seca total das folhas (t ha-1), biomassa fresca total da parte aérea (t ha-1), biomassa seca total da parte aérea (t ha-1) e teor de óleo essencial com base na biomassa seca das folhas (% óleo). O espaçamento de 0,40 x 0,30 m foi superior para a produção de biomassa fresca de folhas e brotos (3,05 e 4,8 t ha-1, respectivamente) e biomassa seca de folhas e brotos (0,28 e 0 5 t ha-1, respectivamente). Não houve efeito no momento da colheita ou espaçamento no rendimento de óleo essencial.

The Effects of Varying Row Spacing and Phosphorus Doses on the Yield and Quality of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different row spacing (20, 30 and 40 cm) and phosphorus applications (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha -1 ) on the yield and quality of fenugreek in Van-Turkey, in 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. Field experiments were arranged in Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications at the experimental fields of Agricultural Faculty of Yuzuncu Yil University. As a result of the research, while all the growth and yield parameters except for thousand seed weight and protein content were significantly affected by row spacing applications. Phosphorus fertilizer applications positively affected all the traits examined except for pod length. Consequently, the highest seed yield (777.0-785.0 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from 30 cm row spacing in the both experimental years, respectively. In phosphorus applications, while the highest seed yield (731.0 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from 60 kg P ha -1 applications in 2006 year, the highest seed yield (742.0 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from 90 kg P ha -1 applications in 2007 year. But, between 60 and 90 kg P ha -1 applications there was not an important difference in the both experimental years. However, the highest protein content (23.0 %) was obtained from 20 cm row spacing and 30 kg P ha -1 applications in the 2006 year.

Root growth and phosphorus uptake in wide‐ and narrow‐row soybeans

Most of the research comparing the effect of different row spacing on seed yield in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has been focused on row spacing effects on aboveground crop characteristics such as leaf area, right interception, pod number, or biomass accumulation and their relationships with seed yield. Little work has been done on the effects of narrow‐row spacing on root distribution. Plant distribution may also affect root distribution and interroot competition, and therefore, exploration and use of soil resources. A field experiment was carried out on the Pampas (Argentina) to determine the effect of narrow‐row spacing on root distribution within the topsoil in soybean, and whether different root distributions affect phosphorus uptake. In December 1993, soybeans were planted at two row spacings, narrow rows (0.35 m) and wide rows (0.70 m). Root density was measured during seed filling (92 days after planting) at several points within the inter‐row space down to a soil depth of 30 cm. Aboveground biomass was harvested at maturity and phosphorus (P) uptake was measured. Below the row line, narrow‐row soybeans showed a greater root density than the wide row treatment at 5–10 cm depth, while roots of the wide‐row soybeans had more lateral growth. Root density at both sides of the row down to a depth of 5 cm was greater for the wide‐row treatment. Average root density for each depth for a section of 70 cm wide across the row line indicated there was no significant difference between treatments at any depth. The fewer number of rows for the wide‐row spacing was compensated by a greater lateral extension of roots within the interrow space. This compensation resulted in a similar root density at each depth for both planting patterns, narrow and wide rows. Aboveground biomass and phosphorus concentration in plant tissue at maturity were not affected by row spacing. A similar phosphorus uptake for both treatments was consistent with the lack of effect of the different plant distribution on soil exploration by roots and on aboveground biomass accumulation.