Effects Of Different Rootstocks Research Articles

A Better Fruit Quality of Grafted Blueberry Than Own-Rooted Blueberry Is Linked to Its Anatomy.

To further clarify the impact of different rootstocks in grafted blueberry, fruit quality, mineral contents, and leaf gas exchange were investigated in 'O'Neal' blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) grafted onto 'Anna' (V. corymbosum) (AO), 'Sharpblue' (V. corymbosum) (SO), 'Baldwin' (V. virgatum) (BO), 'Plolific' (V. virgatum) (PO), and 'Tifblue' (V. virgatum) (TO) rootstocks and own-rooted 'O'Neal' (NO), and differences in anatomic structures and drought resistance were determined in AO, TO, and NO. The findings revealed that fruit quality in TO and PO was excellent, that of BO and SO was good, and that of AO and NO was medium. 'Tifblue' and 'Plolific' rootstocks significantly increased the levels of leaf phosphorus and net photosynthetic rate of 'O'Neal', accompanied by a synchronous increase in their transpiration rates, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2. Additionally, the comprehensive evaluation scores from a principal component analysis based on anatomic structure traits from high to low were in the order TO > AO > NO. The P50 (xylem water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity) values of these grafted plants descended in the order NO > AO > TO, and the branch hydraulic conductivity of TO and sapwood hydraulic conductivity of TO and AO were significantly lower than those of NO. Thus, TO plants exhibited the strongest drought resistance, followed by AO, and NO, and this trait was related to the effects of different rootstocks on the fruit quality of 'O'Neal' blueberry. These results provided a basis for a deeper understanding of the interaction between rootstocks and scions, as well mechanisms to improve blueberry fruit quality.

Effect of different rootstocks and scion ages on the productivity of screenhouse grown tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

This study aimed to assess the impact of utilizing diverse rootstocks grafted with scions of varying ages on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomatoes. Employing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), the experiment featured three replications per treatment in a two-factor design. Results revealed that a 30-day-old scion exhibited a highly significant difference in tomato height gain at 15 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT) and statistically mirrored the performance of a 21-day-old scion at 60 DAT. A 25-day-old scion grafted onto wild eggplant demonstrated the greatest height gain among grafts but did not surpass the height of non-grafted tomatoes. Notably, the 30-day-old scion significantly influenced tomato height at 15 and 30 DAT. The 25-day-old scion of wild eggplant exhibited the highest height gain but failed to surpass the non-grafted tomatoes. A 21-day-old scion of eggplant yielded the highest plant and 240 sqm-based tomato yields. Interaction analysis revealed that a 30-day-old scion of eggplant produced the highest yield. Additionally, the 25-day-old scion of wild eggplant resulted in the largest fruit diameter, while the 21-day-old scion of black nightshade displayed the highest sugar content. Different scion and rootstock combinations yielded varying percentages of fruit color. Optimal profitability was achieved with a 30-day-old scion of eggplant, offering the highest net income, while the highest return on investment (ROI) was achieved with a 21-day-old scion of wild eggplant. Findings emphasize the importance of carefully selecting scion age and rootstock combinations to optimize tomato growth, yield, and quality, ultimately enhancing profitability in tomato cultivation.

The effects of different rootstocks on aroma components, activities and genes expression of aroma-related enzymes in oriental melon fruit.

Grafting is widely applied in the cultivation of melon. In this study, 'Qinmi No.1' (Cucumis melo L.(QG)) and 'Ribenxuesong' (Cucurbita maxima Duch. (RG)) were used as rootstocks for 'Qingxin Yangjiaocui' (Cucumis melo L.). The results showed that grafting with muskmelon rootstocks had no significant effect on fruit aroma, but grafting with pumpkin rootstocks significantly reduced the odor intensity and odor preference scores of melon fruits. Compared with the fruits from self-grafted plants (SG), four new aromatic volatiles with a sweet smell were detected, the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was significantly decreased at 30 DAP, but unaffected at 42 DAP in QG fruits. There was no difference for alcohol acetyltransferase (AAT) activity between QG and SG fruits. The expression level of CmADH2 was significantly higher at 30 DAP and 42 DAP, but CmAAT2 was significantly lower at 42 DAP in QG fruits compared with SG fruits. In RG fruits, the main aroma compounds including butanoic acid ethyl ester, 2-methyl-2-butene-1-al, and 2-methylheptan-1-al were absent, while the volatile compounds with unpleasant odor characteristics including trans, cis-2,6-nonadien-1-ol, (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal, octanoic acid, and styrene were detected. Compared with SG fruits, 1-nonanol and 1-heptanol with green odor characteristics were significantly increased, but eucalyptol and farnesene with fruity aroma characteristics were significantly decreased in RG fruits. The ADH activity of RG fruits was significantly lower than that of SG fruits at 30 DAP and the AAT activity was significantly lower than that of SG fruits at 42 DAP. In addition, the expression levels of CmADH and CmAAT homologs in RG fruits were significantly lower than those in SG or QG fruits. These results show that grafting with pumpkin rootstocks affected the main aroma components, reduced ADH and AAT activities, and down-regulated the expression levels of CmADHs and CmAATs in the melon fruits. This study reveals the mechanism of different rootstocks on melon fruit aroma quality, and lays a theoretical foundation for the selection of rootstocks in melon production. Future studies using overexpression or CRISPR/CAS system to obtain stable transgenic lines of genes encoding key aromatic volatiles, would be promising to effectively improve the flavor quality of melon.

Effect of Different Rootstocks and Scions Compatibility Study on Rosa sp

An investigation entitled, “Effect of different rootstocks and scion compatibility study on Rosa sp.’’ was conducted to study the graft compatability and growth performance of grafted rose plants and the experiment was conducted in Vegetable Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Palur, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu during the year 2022. It was carried out using completely randomized design (CRD) with fifteen treatments (T1- Andhra red rose + Dog rose, T2-Andhra red rose + Button rose, T3-Andhra red rose + Ebb tide rose, T4- Andhra red rose +Fairy rose, T5- Andhra red rose + Edward rose, T6- Edward rose+ Dog rose, T7-Edward rose + Button rose, T8-Edward rose+ Ebb tide rose, T9-Edward rose + Fairy rose, T10-Edward rose+ Edward rose, T11-Damask rose + Dog rose, T12-Damask rose + Button rose, T13-Damask rose + Ebb tide rose, T14-Damask rose+ Fairy rose, T15-Damask rose+ Edward rose) and two replications. The results indicated a significant difference between the different treatment combination for graft union, success percentage, survival percentage, plant height (cm), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), days taken for leaf initiation. The experiment data revealed that the maximum graft success (90) and graft survival percentage (80), length of leaves (3.9 cm) and plant height (67.6) was recorded in the treatments T7 (Edward rose + Button rose). It can be concluded that the combination of rootstock as Edward rose and scion as Button rose is said to be most compatible and can be recommended for commercial cultivation.

Saline-Alkaline Stress Resistance of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes Grafted on Different Rootstocks and Rootstock Combinations.

Grafting the wine grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon onto salinity-tolerant rootstocks can improve salinity tolerance and grape yields in regions with high salinity soils. In this experiment, the effects of different rootstocks and rootstock combinations on the saline-alkaline stress (modified Hoagland nutrient solution + 50 mmol L-1 (NaCl + NaHCO3)) of Cabernet Sauvignon were studied. Correlation and principal component analyses were conducted on several physiological indicators of saline-alkaline stress. Salinity limited biomass accumulation, induced damage to the plant membrane, reduced the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity of plants, and increased the content of malondialdehyde, sodium (Na+)/potassium (K+) ratio, and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase). Significant differences in several indicators were observed among the experimental groups. The results indicate that the saline-alkaline tolerance of Cabernet Sauvignon after grafting was the same as that of the rootstock, indicating that the increased resistance of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes to saline-alkaline stress stems from the transferability of the saline-alkaline stress resistance of the rootstock to the scion.

The Effect of Rootstock on the Activity of Key Enzymes in Acid Metabolism and the Expression of Related Genes in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Grapes

The types and contents of organic acids in wine grapes determine wine quality. To explore the effects of different rootstocks on the acid metabolism of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes, various perennial rootstock–scion combinations were used as experimental materials. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine citric acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid contents during fruit development. Succinic acid and oxalic acid contents and the activity of related enzymes were measured using spectrophotometry. The expression levels of related genes were measured using a real-time fluorescence quantitative method. The results showed that all four rootstock types significantly reduced oxalic acid and citric acid contents in the grapes, while increasing succinic acid content to varying degrees. Employing 110R, SO4, and Kangzhen3 rootstocks increased tartaric acid and malic acid contents. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that 110R, SO4, and Kangzhen3 rootstocks increased the NAD-MDH enzyme activity, which positively correlated with malic acid content. Simultaneously, these rootstocks reduced the NADP-ME enzyme activity level. NAD-MDH and PEPC gene expression levels were higher in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes grafted with 110R, SO4, and Kangan3 rootstocks compared to control self-rooted seedlings. Grafting these three rootstocks enhanced malic acid accumulation in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes.

Changes in Phytohormone and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities during the Healing Process of Different Crabapple Rootstock–Scion Combinations

By measuring the changes in phytohormones and related enzyme activities of Malus ‘Huabiao’ scions and different rootstocks during the healing process of grafting, this study aims to analyze the effects of different rootstocks on the physiological metabolism of the grafting healing site, thereby providing reference for the selection of M. ‘Huabiao’ grafting rootstocks. The live seedlings of 1-0 M. hupehensis, M. robusta and M. baccata were chosen as rootstocks, and M. ‘Huabiao’ scions were grafted with these seedlings in spring by pasting method. The dynamic changes in activities of indole acetic acid, zeatin riboside, methyl jasmonate content and peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase at the healing site of grafting were measured, and the effects of different grafting combinations on the phytohormone and related enzyme activities at the grafted site were investigated. It was found that the M. ‘Huabiao’/M. hupehensis and M. ‘Huabiao’/M. robusta grafting combinations had significantly higher survival rate than M. ‘Huabiao’/M. baccata which only had a success rate of 63%. At the beginning of graft healing, the contents of three phytohormones in healing sites of all the three grafting combinations exhibited a significant decrease. However, in the mid and late stages, great differences were shown in phytohormone content. During the grafting healing process, the changes in three enzyme activities in healing sites of the three grafting combinations showed some regularities. In conclusion, M. hupehensis and M. robusta have strong grafting compatibility with M. ‘Huabiao’; thus, they are suitable to be selected as rootstocks for grafting and propagation of M. ‘Huabiao’. In addition, the changes in phytohormone content and enzyme activity in different grafting combinations reflect the strong affinity relationship between rootstock and scion grafting.

Dynamics of grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) infection in the vineyard and study of the response of different rootstocks

Planting is a major step in the life of a vineyard. The choices made at this stage, including that of the plant material, commits the winegrower for several decades (Dewasme et al., 2022a). The rootstock, which forms part of the terroir, can contribute to the longevity of the vineyard. Viral diseases represent one of the major causes of dieback today, though their prevalence remains difficult to quantify (Dewasme et al., 2022c). The effects of different rootstocks on the impact of viral diseases need to be determined if they are to be used to help control dieback and extend the life of vineyards.

Effects of Different Rootstocks on the Metabolites of Huanglongbing-Affected Sweet Orange Juices Using a Novel Combined Strategy of Untargeted Metabolomics and Machine Learning.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive citrus diseases, mainly caused by the Gram-negative bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. Aiming at unraveling the mechanisms of different scion/rootstock combinations on improving HLB-affected orange juice quality, the effects of rootstocks on the metabolites of HLB-affected sweet orange juices were investigated using a combined strategy of untargeted metabolomics and machine learning. A total of 2531 ion features were detected using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and 54 metabolites including amino acids, amines, flavonoids, coumarins, fatty acids, and glycosides were definitely or tentatively identified as the differential markers based on the random forest algorithm. Furthermore, 24 metabolites were verified and semi-quantified using authentic standards. Notably, the presence of specific amino acids and amines, especially polyamines, indicated that different rootstocks might affect glutamate, aspartate, proline, and arginine metabolism to regulate the physiological response against HLB. Meanwhile, the production of flavonoids and prenylated coumarins suggested that rootstocks influenced phenylalanine and phenylpropanoid metabolism. The possible metabolic pathways were proposed, and the important intermediates were verified by authentic standards. These results provide new insights on the effects of rootstocks on the metabolites of HLB-affected sweet orange juices.

Effects of Different Rootstocks on Yield and Fruit Quality in the Hafif Çukurgöbek Loquat Cultivar

Çalışmanın amacı, farklı anaçların, Hafif Çukurgöbek (HÇG) yenidünya çeşidinin verim ve meyve kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Denemede; Quince-A, Quince-C, BA-29 ayva anaçları ile yenidünya çöğür anacı üzerine aşılı HÇG yenidünya çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma alanında, anacı ayva olan bitkiler 1.0 m x 0.5 m, anacı yenidünya çöğürü olanlar ise 1x1 m aralıklarla dikilmiştir. Çalışmada yer alan çeşit/anaç kombinasyonlarının meyve pomolojik ve verim özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Meyve kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla her çeşit/anaç kombinasyonundan tesadüfi olarak 50 meyve alınmış ve 5 yinelemeli olarak fiziksel ölçüm ve kimyasal analizler yapılmıştır. Meyve olgunlaşması ilk olarak BA-29 ve Quince-A anaçları üzerine aşılı ağaçlarda (17 Mayıs) gerçekleşmiştir. Meyve ağırlığı, meyve eni ve meyve boyu bakımından en yüksek değerler (sırasıyla, 24.8 g, 35.5 mm ve 37.6 mm) BA-29 anacından elde edilirken, bunu Quince-A (23.5 g, 34.9 mm ve 37.3 mm) takip etmiştir. Meyve eti/tohum oranı en yüksek (3.2) Quince-A anacında, en düşük (2.5) yenidünya çöğür anacında belirlenmiştir. Suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı bakımından, yenidünya çöğür anacı en yüksek değere (%11.3) sahipken, Quince-A anacı en düşük değere (%9.2) sahip olmuştur. Titre edilebilir toplam asitlik yönünden en yüksek değer (%0.51) BA-29 anacından elde edilirken, en düşük değer (%0.34) Quince-A anacından elde edilmiştir. Meyve kabuk ve et renk değerlerinden “L” ve “b” parametreleri bakımından anaçlar bir birine yakın değerler vermiştir. “a” (kırmızı-yeşil renk) değeri bakımından ise anaçlar arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Bitki başına verim bakımından en yüksek değeri (1051 g) yenidünya çöğür anacı vermiş, bunu BA-29 anacı (955 g) izlemiştir. En düşük verim değeri ise Quince-A (587 g) anacından elde edilmiştir. Birim gövde kesit alanına düşen verim bakımından ise en yüksek değeri Quince-A (1.02 g mm-2) ve BA-29 (0.99 g mm-2) verirken, en düşük değeri Quince-C anacı (0.57 g mm-2) vermiştir. Anaçlar arasındaki bu farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre gerek erkencilik gerek verim gerekse meyve kalitesi bakımından BA-29 anacı, öteki anaçlara göre daha başarılı bulunmuştur.

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Grafted Melon Subjected to Fusarium Wilt and Water Stress

This study aimed to determine the effects of different rootstocks on crop water stress index (CWSI), some morphological and physiological parameters of grafted melon under soil-borne pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis) and water stress conditions. The study was carried out in Çumra District of Konya Province in Türkiye for two years. The main plots consisted of three different irrigation levels and the sub plots consisted of subjects with melon plants with different rootstocks. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design with three replications. In the study, four different rootstocks; 1-Ungrafted, 2-Ferro, 3-Maximus and TZ 148 were used. Edalı F1 variety (Cucumis melo var. Edalı F1) was used as a scion in the experiment. Irrigation was done in the four vegetation periods (early vegetative, late vegetative, flowering-fruit setting and ripening) of plant. Irrigation consisted of issues to increase soil depth from 0-90 cm to field capacity (I100), 50% (I50) of soil available water field capacity and rainfed (I0). As a result of the experiment, while leaf water potential (LWP) and leaf relative water content (RWC) increased with the increase of irrigation water in both years, the chlorophyll content was higher in I100, stomatal conductance was the highest in I50 of irrigation water, while the increase in irrigation water decreased stomatal conductance. In terms of physiological parameters measured in the plant, chlorophyll content and RWC values in the first year, Ferro, TZ-148 and Maximus rootstock, respectively, in the second year, Maximus rootstock reached the best value stem diameter in both years. CWSI was also affected by the applications.

Effects of seedling and clonal West Indian rootstocks irrigated with recycled water on ‘Hass’ avocado yield, fruit weight and alternate bearing

ABSTRACT In modern avocado orchards, ‘Hass’ scions are grafted on selected rootstocks. Avocado rootstocks can be propagated via seeds (seedling rootstocks) or by vegetative propagation (clonal rootstocks). As choice of the proper rootstock influences productivity during the orchard's entire life span, it is critical to evaluate the effects of rootstocks on production parameters of the ‘Hass’ scion. We examined the effects of different rootstocks on fruit yield, fruit weight and alternate bearing of ‘Hass’ scions grafted on nine different West Indian rootstocks. The experiments were conducted from 2009–2019 in two commercial plots located in northwestern Israel irrigated with recycled water. Multiyear mean yield and alternate bearing index (ABI) in Afek orchard ranged from 11,032–15,214 kg ha−1 and 0.26–0.5, respectively. Multiyear mean yield and ABI in Gesher Haziv orchard ranged from 12,746–15,047 kg ha−1 and 0.34–0.57, respectively. Results revealed no significant differences in the multiyear production parameters of the examined rootstocks. However, a non-significant advantage was shown for the vegetative rootstocks, most of which had lower ABI values than the seedling rootstocks. Therefore, because vegetative rootstocks are more expensive to produce, it is practically recommended to use the seedling rootstocks. In the future, it is suggested to examine additional vegetative rootstocks.

Effects of different rootstocks on phenolics in the skin of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and widely targeted metabolome and transcriptome analysis.

Effects of different rootstocks on phenolics in the skin of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and widely targeted metabolome and transcriptome analysis.

Influence of Different Rootstocks on Some Quality Parameters of Grafted Melon Seedling

This study was conducted to aim to determine the effects of different rootstocks on some growth characteristics of grafted melon seedling under greenhouse condition in 2020.In the study, four different rootstocks were used: 1-Ungrafted, 2-Ferro, 3-Maximus, and TZ148. Edalı F1 variety (Cucumis melo var. Edalı F1) was used as a scion. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Melon and rootstocks seeds were sown on 28.04.2020 and rootstock seeds on 03.05.2020, respectively. Grafting was done on 15.05.2020. Grafting was performed through the splice grafting method. Some growth characteristics studied on melon seedling was fresh-dry seedling weights (FSW-DSW), stem diameter-height (SD-SH), leaf number-height (LN-LH), fresh-dry root weights (FRW-DRW), root height (RH) and chlorophyll content (CC-SPAD), and some macro-micro nutrient contents. According the results of statistical analyses, the positive differences were found in the grafted seedlings compare to scion at these parameters (p<0.01). In many of the seedling quality values, Ferro and Maximus hybrids stood out temper to others. Also, in the experiment, correlations between FSW and SD, RH, SPAD, and total N content were found significant.

Growth, Yield, and Bunch Quality of "Superior Seedless" Vines Grown on Different Rootstocks Change in Response to Salt Stress.

The growth and quality of vines are negatively affected by soil salinity if enough salts accumulate in the root zone. As part of the current study, we estimated the remediating effects of rootstocks under salinity. For this reason, “superior seedless” vines were grafted onto three different rootstocks, such as SO4, 1103 Paulson, and own-root (“superior seedless” with their own-root). The experiment was conducted in the 2019 and 2020 seasons. This study examines the effects of different rootstocks on vine growth, yield, and quality using “superior seedless” vines grown in sandy soil with salinity. Four stages of berry development were examined (flowering, fruit set, veraison, and harvest time). At harvest, yield characteristics (clusters per vine and cluster weight) were also assessed. Each parameter of the growth season was influenced separately. The K+ and Na+ ratios were also significantly increased, as were the salinity symptoms index and bunch yield per vine and quality. Rootstock 1103 Paulson improved photosynthetic pigments, K+ accumulation, Na+ uptake, and cell membrane damage in “superior seedless” vines compared to other rootstocks, according to the study results. As determined in the arid regions of northwestern Egypt, the 1103 Paulson can mitigate salinity issues when planting “superior seedless” vines on sandy soil.

Impact of different rootstocks and limited water on yield and fruit quality of melon grown in a field naturally infested with Fusarium wilt

1- Grafting and rootstock-scion combinations affect fruit yield. 2- The yield increased with increasing the mean fruit weight, yield per plant and number of fruits per plant. 2- Grafting plants had a significant positive effect on fruit quality. 3- The mineral concentrations of melon-grafted plants are higher than those of non-grafted plants throughout the growth period. 4- The low soil moisture and not to graft for Fusarium wilt disease promotes the growth of the pathogen and the emergence of wilt symptoms. The experiment was performed to determine the effects of different rootstocks on yield and some fruit quality characteristics of grafted melon growth under the soil-borne pathogen ( Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis ) and water stress conditions in 2019-2020, at Cumra in Konya Plain, Turkey. In the study, four different Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata hybrids rootstocks were used: 1-Non-grafted, 2-Ferro, 3-Maximus, and TZ 148. Edalı F 1 variety ( Cucumis melo var. Edalı F 1 ) was selected as a scion. Cotyledon splice grafting was used as the grafting method. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plots constituted of three irrigation levels while the subplots were designed to have different rootstocks. Irrigation was supplied during the appropriate crop development stages (early vegetative, late vegetative, flowered-fruit setting and ripening) with enough water to fill the soil depth of 0–90 cm to field capacity (I100), to 50% of field capacity (I50) with decreased water supply levels and water-free (I0) conditions. As a result, it was found that yield and some fruit quality parameters were significantly affected by the treatments. The rootstocks were similarly effective on soil-borne pathogen management and resulted in yields higher than non-grafted plants in the both years. The highest yield (4.939–3.604 t da−1) was obtained under no water stress I100 / TZ148 rootstock combination (p<0.01). Other macro-micro nutrient and fruit sugar contents were significantly affected by treatments. The seasonal water consumptive use (ET) at I100 treatment was recorded as 205 and 231 mm, respectively, for the both years.

The Influence of the Rootstocks on Biochemical and Bioactive Compound Content of ‘0900 Ziraat’ Sweet Cherry Fruit

The study was conducted to determine the effects of different rootstocks (Ma × Ma 14, GiselA 5, GiselA 6 and SL 64) on quality properties and bioactive compounds of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry fruit. Fruit weight, thickness and length of Ma × Ma 14 and SL 64 was higher than the GiselA 5 and GiselA 6. Firmness of GiselA 6 was lower than the other rootstocks (Ma × Ma 14, GiselA 5 and SL 64). The chroma value of GiselA 5 was greater than the other rootstocks, whereas the hue angle of SL 64 was lower than the other rootstocks. While the lowest SSC and acidity was obtained in GiselA 5, the highest vitamin C was determined in Ma × Ma 14. Total phenolics and total flavonoids, thus antioxidant activity of GiselA 6 and SL 64 rootstocks was higher than Ma × Ma 14 and GiselA 5 rootstocks. Catechin was the major phenolic acid in ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry fruit. GiselA 6 had higher catechin and 4‑hydroxybenzoic acid content than the other rootstocks. As a result, it was revealed that sweet cherry rootstocks were effective on bioactive compounds and fruit quality characteristics.

The Effects of Different Rootstocks on the Graft Success and Stion Development of Some Pear Cultivars

ABSTRACT In modern pear growing, quince and pear clonal rootstocks are used instead of pear seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different quince and pear rootstocks on the graft success and the stion (scion+rootstock) growth performance of some pear cultivars/genotypes. In the study, quince (Quince BA 29, Quince A and Quince MC), pear (OHxF 333, Fox 11, Farold 40) clones and pear seedlings were grafted in two standard (Deveci and Williams) and 11 local (‘Bardak,’ ‘Dalkıran,’ ‘Eşek,’ ‘İstanbul,’ ‘Kara,’ ‘Karga,’ ‘Karpuz,’ ‘Kış,’ ‘Sarıkum,’ ‘Tefenc’ and ‘Yaz Ziraati’) promising pear cultivars were used. Significant differences were observed in both rootstocks and varieties in terms of graft success and plant development in the study. The graft take, sprout and survival ratios were higher in pear rootstocks than in the quince rootstocks. While the highest graft survival ratio was observed in Fox 11, the lowest was in the BA 29 quince rootstock. The highest graft sprout and graft survival ratio were in ‘Deveci,’ the lowest in ‘Williams,’ ‘Bardak’ and ‘Kış’ varieties. While the highest shoot lengths and highest diameters were detected in the pear seedling, the lowest were in the MC rootstock. While the longest shoots were observed in ‘Kara,’ the thickest shoots were observed in ‘Eşek’ genotypes. As a result of this study, it was determined that the 13 pear cultivars/genotypes grafted on different rootstocks were sufficient in terms of graft success and stion growth performances and it was found that stion of sufficient quality could be grown in the field condition.

Effect of the Rootstock and Cultivar on Graft Success and Sapling Development and Graft Incompatibility in Pear

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different rootstocks on graft success, sapling development and graft compatibility/incompatibility of ‘Deveci’ and ‘Williams’ pear cultivars in Samsun ecological conditions between 2014 and 2016 years. Graft incompatibility was attempted to be associated with morphological measurements in the graft union. Rootstock, cultivar and rootstockxcultivar interaction had a significant effect on the all examined parameters. In the study, graft take ratios were between 91.5-100.0%, graft sprout ratios were between 89.2-99.0% and survival ratios were between 83.7-99.0%. The graft sprout ratio was the highest in the OHxF333 and lowest was in the BA29 rootstock. The graft sprout and survival ratios were lower in quince rootstock than in pear rootstocks. Rootstock diameters were higher in the OHxF333 and seedling rootstocks than in the Fox11 and BA29 rootstocks. Graft union diameter and shoot diameter were lower in the Fox11 than the other rootstocks. Shoot length was higher in the OHxF333 than the other rootstocks. Especially considering the graft success and the diameter measurements made in the graft union, it has been found that some scion/stock combinations may show graft incompatibility. The ‘Williams’/BA29 combination may be incompatible due to the lower survival ratio and diameter values in the graft union than other combinations. Although graft success is sufficient, it should be noted that the ‘Williams’/Fox11, whose rootstock diameter and graft union diameter are lower than the others, may show graft incompatibility. ‘Deveci’ cultivar shows good compatibility with all rootstocks due to the higher graft success and sapling performance.

Effects of Different Rootstocks on Storage Life and Quality of Loquat Fruit (cv. Gold Nugget)

In this study, the effects of rootstocks on storage life and quality in Gold Nugget loquat grafted on quince, hawthorn and loquat rootstocks were investigated. After harvest, fruit were placed in plastic boxes (2 kg) covered with stretch film and stored for 45 days at 5 ± 0.5°C and 90 ± 5% RH. Weight loss, fruit firmness, total soluble solid, titratable acidity, maturity rate, respiration rate, ethylene production, CO2 and O2 concentrations in package, skin colour (L*,a*,b*,C*,h°), decay rate and sensory quality of fruit were determined at 15-day intervals during storage. The same analyzes were repeated for shelf life evaluation after keeping fruit 2 days in ambient condition (20°C and 70±5 RH%). Fruit grown on quince rootstock had the best results for maintaining external appearance, titratable acidity, maturation rate and vivid skin colour. The lowest decay rate and respiration rate during storage were also obtained from this combination. Quince and Loquat seedling rootstocks had similar results for sensory quality and decay rate. Covering boxes by stretch film (20 µm) reduced the weight loss in the all the combination of scion/rootstock but, increased pathogens development. These findings revealed that fruit, obtained from the combinations of Gold Nugget variety with quince and loquat seedling rootstocks, can be stored with good quality for 30+2 days at 5 °C and 90 ± 5 RH%.