Effect Of Different Moisture Contents Research Articles

Effect of moisture content of recycled aggregates on workability, compressive strength and durability of concrete-A review

It is necessary to clarify the influence of different moisture contents of recycled aggregates (RA), including oven dry (OD), saturated surface dry (SSD), air dry (AD), etc., on the performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) considering the time-dependent water absorption characteristic of RAs. By analyzing the previous literature, the effects of different moisture contents of RAs on the workability, compressive strength, and durability of RAC were discussed in detail. In addition, the microscopic mechanism was revealed based on the microstructure analysis. A lot of studies have shown that RAC prepared with RA in OD state had the largest fluidity when the same additional water was used. The slump loss of RAC decreases with the increase of water content of RAs, and when the moisture content of RA is higher than 50% of the water absorption of SSD, the slump loss is related to the additional method. The compressive strength and durability of RAC prepared with RAs in AD state were better than that prepared with RA in OD or SSD state. The shrinkage of RAC prepared with RA in OD state was greater than that prepared with RA in the SSD or AD state.

Effect of different moisture contents on hydrogen sulfide malodorous gas emission during composting

The sulfate reduction reaction releases malodorous gases (H2S) during composting, with potential pollution risks to the environment. In this study, chicken manure (CM) with high sulfur content and beef cattle manure (BM) with low sulfur content were used to investigate the effect of control (CK) and low moisture content (LW) on sulfur metabolism. The results showed that compared to CK composting, the cumulative H2S emission of CM and BM composting decreased by 27.27% and 21.08% under LW condition, respectively. Meanwhile, the abundance of core microorganisms related to sulfur components was reduced under LW condition. Furthermore, the KEGG sulfur pathway and network analysis suggested that LW composting weakened the sulfate reduction pathway, and reduced the number and abundance of functional microorganisms and genes. These results indicated that low moisture content had important effects on inhibiting the release of H2S during composting, which provided a scientific basis to control environmental pollution.

Effect of moisture content on engineering characteristics of apricot (Prunus armeniacaL.) kernel

AbstractApricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernels, the innermost part of the economical stone fruit, are utilized for edible purposes, extraction of oil, and many pharmaceutical products. Biological materials are complex in structure and get affected by their moisture content. This study investigates the effect of different moisture content from 5.66% to 26.47% wet basis apricot kernels on its various engineering characteristics and develops their correlations. The engineering characteristics such as linear dimension length (13.26–14.47 mm), breadth (8.69–9.97 mm), thickness (5.36–6.50 mm), arithmetic mean diameter (9.11–10.32 mm), geometric mean diameter (8.48–9.77 mm), surface area (227.91–302.68 mm2), projected area (91.99–114.95 mm2), 1000 kernel mass (0.317–0.403 kg), true density (881.23–973.55 kg m−3), and porosity (33.74%–43.68%) increased linearly with moisture content. On the other hand, bulk density (548.23–583.89 kg m−3) and elongation ratio (2.25–2.51) showed a decreasing trend with an increase in moisture content. The frictional properties such as angle of repose (22.81–28.92°) and coefficient of static friction value for glass, stainless steel, galvanized iron, and wood were found to increase with increased moisture content and ranged from 0.179–0.283, 0.272–0.347, 0.416–0.512, and 0.488–0.595, respectively. The highest static coefficient of friction was observed for wood surfaces. A significant difference in color values L*, a*, b*, hue angle (H), chroma (C), and ∆E values were observed at different moisture content. Terminal velocities and hardness of AK increased linearly with moisture content and the values were found between 4.26 and 5.91 m s−1 and 21.59 to 35.25 N mm−1, respectively.Practical applicationsApricot kernels have nutritional and pharmaceutical value due to the abundance of bioactive components in them but are still underutilized due to a lack of handling knowledge and processing mechanization. Apricot kernels are delicate and sensitive for mechanical damage during every stage of their processing. This study investigates engineering characteristics in view to understand their relationship with moisture content, as many instruments and equipment are yet to be designed. Knowledge of its engineering characteristics at different moisture content would help handlers for quality evaluation, and manufacturers in optimally designing processing machinery and quality analytical instruments.

Effects of moisture content on digestible fragments and molecular structures of high amylose jackfruit starch prepared by improved extrusion cooking technology

The effects of different moisture contents on the digestible fragments and molecular structures of high amylose jackfruit starch were investigated. The digestible fragments and molecular structures of rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch and resistant starch of high amylose jackfruit starch with different moisture contents prepared by improved extrusion cooking technology were analyzed. Decreasing the moisture content resulted in significant decrease in slowly digestible starch and resistant starch content (24.08% and 25.99%–17.59% and 16.60%), indicating that high amylose jackfruit starch with low moisture content was easier to digest. Compared to extruded control starches, the slowly digestible starch + resistant starch fraction and resistant starch samples exhibited higher gelatinization enthalpy, relative crystallinity, and short - range molecular order, but no significant difference was showed in gelatinization temperature. It was also found that the double helix degree, crystallinity and order degree of the extruded controls, slowly digestible starch + resistant starch fractions and resistant starch samples were increased with increasing moisture content, from 1.74 J/g, 1.52% and 0.207–9.52 J/g, 32.54% and 0.779, respectively. The above results were further supported by the microstructural and porosity analysis that the extruded samples were changed from coarser surface structure to more compact structure with increasing moisture content. All these results indicate that moisture content affects the digestible fragments and molecular structures of starch. Therefore, it can provide a theoretical basis for the modification of high amylose starch, especially for the modification of resistant starch. • High amylose jackfruit starch (HA-JFSS) were prepared by improved extrusion cooking technology. • Different moistures content affected the digestible fragment and molecular structure of HA-JFSS. • Decreasing moisture content improved the in vitro digestibility of extruded HA-JFSS. • High moisture content HA-JFSS showed higher double helix, long/short-range molecular order. • The analysis of SEM demonstrated the results of the DSC, XRD and FITR.

Predictive growth kinetic parameters and modelled probabilities of deoxynivalenol production by Fusarium graminearum on wheat during simulated storing conditions.

Mathematical models were employed to predict the growth kinetic parameters of Fusarium graminearum and the accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) during wheat storage as a function of different moisture contents (MCs) and temperatures. The colony counting method was used to quantify F. graminearum growth under different environmental conditions, and kinetic and probability models were developed to describe the effect of different MCs and temperatures on fungal growth and DON production during wheat storage. Among the employed secondary models (Arrhenius-Davey, Gibson and Cardinal), the general polynomial best predicted the fungal growth rate under varying temperature and MC during wheat storage. According to the logistic model, DON contamination was correctly predicted in 96.5% of cases. The maximum growth rate of fungi was 0.4889 ± 0.092 LogCFUg-1 day-1 at 25°C and 30% moisture according to the polynomial model. At below 17°C and ≤15% moisture, no fungal growth was observed. The probability model of toxin production showed no toxin production at less than 15% moisture (aw ≤0.76) and below 15°C. This is the first application of a probability model of DON production during wheat storage, providing a reference for preventing fungal growth and mycotoxin accumulation by F. graminearum during wheat storage and guaranteeing food product safety.

"Effect of different Moisture Content on the Physical Characteristics of Dill Seeds (Anethum graveolens L.)"

"Effect of different Moisture Content on the Physical Characteristics of Dill Seeds (Anethum graveolens L.)"

Pipeline Stress Test Simulation Under Freeze-Thaw Cycling via the XGBoost-Based Prediction Model

This study conducted ten freeze-thaw cyclic tests to clarify the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the forces acting on the buried oil pipeline. The stress evolution in the Q345 steel pipeline versus the number of freeze-thaw cycles was obtained. The test results were consistent with the COMSOL simulation of the effect of different moisture contents on the pipeline bottom stress. Besides the proposed XGBoost model, eleven machine-learning stress prediction models were also applied to 10–20 freeze-thaw cycling tests. The results showed that during the freeze-thaw process, the compressive stress at the pipeline bottom did not exceed −69.785 MPa. After eight freeze-thaw cycles, the extreme value of the principal stress of -252.437MPa, i.e., 73.17% of the yield stress, was reached. When the initial moisture content exceeded 20%, the eighth freeze-thaw cycle’s pipeline stress decreased remarkably. The XGBoost model effectively predicted the pipeline’s principal stress in each cycle of 10 freeze-thaw cyclic tests, with R2 = 0.978, MSE = 0.021, and MAE = 0.102. The above compressive stress fluctuated from −131.226 to −224.105 MPa. The predicted values well matched the experimental ones, being in concert with the “ratcheting effect” predicted by the freeze-thaw cycle theory. The results obtained provide references for the design, operation, and maintenance of buried oil pipelines.

Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (ScCO2) on the Microstructure of Bituminous Coal with Different Moisture Contents in the Process of ScCO2 Enhanced Coalbed Methane and CO2 Geological Sequestration

Water plays an important role in carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced coalbed methane exploitation and CO2 geological sequestration at deep geological conditions. We performed mercury intrusion porosimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis on coal samples with different moisture contents after supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) treatment to study the effect of different moisture contents on deep coal seam treatment by ScCO2. Using these experimental techniques, the effects of ScCO2 treatment on the microstructure of coal samples with different moisture contents were obtained. The results showed that the combination of ScCO2 and water in coal samples can cause mineral dissolution, increase the damage degree of coal structural defects, reduce the number of aromatic structures and oxygen-containing functional groups, and then lead to the expansion of the pore and fracture volume, especially the micropore volume. Moreover, with increasing the moisture content, the micropore volume of the coal samples under ScCO2 interaction with the presence of water exhibited an increasing trend. The number of oxygen-containing functional groups in the coal samples decreased. The peak position difference (G – D1) decreased first and then plateaued, and when the moisture content was in the range of 5.85–7.19%, the damage degree reached the maximum. The effect of water and ScCO2 on the dissolution of clay minerals in the coal samples was greater than that on the carbonate minerals.

Experimental Study on True Triaxial Mechanical Properties of Frozen Calcareous Clay under the Influence of Multiple Factors

To investigate the mechanical properties of frozen saline soil, the deep calcareous clay in the Huanghuai mining area was chosen as the research object, and an orthogonal test was carried out to study the true triaxial mechanical properties of frozen saline calcareous clay under the influence of multiple factors. The stress–strain characteristics, strength, and influence trend of salted frozen calcareous clay with different salt content, stress paths, and water content, and the relationships among the above-mentioned factors, were investigated. The analysis of the test results by an orthogonal test revealed the order of importance of the factors that influenced strength. The primary and secondary order of influence σ1 is as follows: confining pressure σ3, water content ω, temperature T, medium principal stress coefficient b, and salt content φ. Under the influence of multiple factors, the strength of frozen soil in the real state is not the result of single factors with independent influences that are then simply superimposed. Instead, the complex interactions of various factors affect strength. The stress path significantly influences the stress–strain relationship of frozen calcareous clay. As the coefficient of the intermediate principal stress b increases, its influence on the strength of salted frozen calcareous clay diminishes, and the optimal principal stress coefficient b = 0.33 maximizes the strength of the specimen. The influence of the moisture content on the strength of the sample is negatively correlated. The effect of different moisture contents on the deformation and failure characteristics of unsaturated saline calcareous clay is not significantly different, and this difference does not exceed 5%.

Effect of Grain Moisture Content and Roller Mill Gap Size on Various Physical Properties of Yellow Dent Corn Flour

Corn has six main varieties grown globally for animal feed, human consumption, and commercial/industrial purposes. Flour is an end-product of corn dry-milling. Products that are derived from corn flour often show differences in physical, chemical, and pasting properties due to corn varietal differences, milling methods, differences in flour particle sizes, and drying temperatures. The study aimed to determine the effect of different moisture contents of yellow dent corn and roller gap sizes, on the physical properties of the resulting corn flour. The possibility to use the flour in the manufacturing of animal feed and ethanol production was also considered. Yellow dent corn grain with moisture contents (MC) of 8%, 14.0%, and 18%, and roller gap sizes (GAP) of 0.1016 mm, 0.2032 mm, and 0.3048 mm were used. The Witt corrugated roller mill equipment with rollers of 1/32 inches corrugations was used to produce fine grits and flours. The particle sizes obtained were between 0.54 mm and 0.75 mm which increased with an increase in MC and GAP. Grain with 8% MC and GAP of 0.1016 mm and 0.2032 mm, and grain with 14.0% MC and GAP of 0.1016 mm can produce flour of particle sizes good for swine feed. Grain with 8% MC and GAP of 0.3048 mm and grain with 14.0.0% MC and GAP of 0.1016 mm and 0.2032 mm can produce flour of particle sizes good for ruminant feed. Grain with 18% MC and GAP of 0.1016 mm, and grain with 14.0% MC and GAP of 0.2032 mm can produce flour of particle sizes good for poultry feed. GAP of 0.1016 mm and 8% MC can produce flour of particle sizes suitable for the ethanol production industry. Flour preparation should purposely be done based on grain MC and GAP. The geometric mean diameter of particle sizes ranged from 0.54 mm-0.75 mm, and the geometric mean diameter of particle sizes increased with increasing MC and GAP. Also, grains with 8% MC had the highest loss in flour, and the higher moisture of 18% significantly affected the red color of flour.

Effects of different moisture contents on the structural and functional properties of cellulose with cell wall components in different citrus fibres.

This research used a multi-method approach to analyse the influence of different moisture levels (low, medium and high) on the structural and functional properties of cellulose with cell wall materials such as pectin, lignin, and hemicellulose present in citrus fibres. The influence of the drying and purification processes and the source of the citrus fibres on these interactions were also considered. A fluidized bed dryer results in a higher aggregation of cellulose fibres, which limits their interactions with water, pectin, lignin, and hemicellulose. Citrus fibre suspension produce by a alcohol washing in combination with a centrifugal drying process showed higher storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G'') and water retention capacity. The compositions of the citrus fibres and the type of hydrogen bonding (analysed by FTIR) play a key role in generating stable rheological and thermal properties as well as controlling the moisture sorption behaviour of the citrus fibres.

Experimental Study on Consolidation-Creep Behavior of Subgrade Modified Soil in Seasonally Frozen Areas

Frost heaving and boiling are the most common road disorders due to the special climatic conditions in a seasonal frozen area. From the perspective of controlling road disorders in seasonally frozen areas and making effective use of industrial waste residue, two kinds of subgrade modified soil—crumb rubber modified fly ash soil (CRFS) and oil shale waste residue modified fly ash soil (OSFS)—were proposed by the research group. The research results proved that the two new subgrade fillers both have excellent engineering characteristics in cold areas, such as high strength and low thermal conductivity, and both have the function of waste utilization, giving them broad application prospects. In road engineering, the instability of slopes and retaining walls and the uneven settlement of the subgrade are closely related to soil creep, which are problems that cannot be ignored in road design and use. As a new material to treat road disorders in seasonally frozen areas, more attention should be paid to the continuous deformation property of modified soil under long-term load. The study on the creep characteristics of the modified soil can provide reliable parameters for the design of the modified soil subgrade and predict the settlement of the subgrade after construction, which is of great significance to the stability of the subgrade. In this paper, an experimental study on the consolidation–creep characteristics of two kinds of subgrade modified soil in a seasonal frozen region was carried out, the relationship between modified soil deformation and time is discussed, and the effects of different moisture contents and compaction degrees on the creep characteristics of modified soil were analyzed. The test results provide parameters for the engineering design of modified soil subgrade and provide data support for the popularization and application of modified soil in seasonally frozen subgrade.

Effects of different moisture contents on the structure and properties of corn starch during extrusion

Herein, corn starch samples with different moisture contents (native corn starch, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50%) were prepared by twin-screw extrusion, and the structural and physical properties were analyzed and correlated. Scanning electron microscopy observed the morphology, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigated the double helix structure, X-ray diffraction analyzed the crystal region, ion chromatography observed the chain length distribution, and rapid viscosity analyzer measured the viscosity of corn starch samples. We found that the corn starch crystallinity, degree of order, and double helix degree decreased with increasing moisture content. The moisture content has a crucial role in the peak viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback in pasting property experiments. With the increase in moisture content, the longer chain was transformed into a shorter chain, and the dispersion of molecular weight distribution continuously increased. This study provides a theoretical basis for the production of extruded corn starch.

Experimental study of the effects of moisture content on the mechanical properties of sandstone under uniaxial compression

Water inside the micropores has a tremendous influence on the mechanical properties and damage patterns of rocks. To investigate the effects of different moisture contents on the cracking behavior of sandstone under different compression conditions, four groups of sandstone samples with moisture contents of 1.00%, 2.50%, 3.50% and 4.50% were used for uniaxial compression and cyclic loading-unloading experiments. The results show that the compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease with the increase of moisture content. The ultimate failure patterns for samples are all shear failure modes with different dip angles. In the unloading experiments, the dissipated energy and residual strain decreases with the increase of moisture content during the unloading stage with low stress and increases obviously during the unloading stage with high stress.

Shear Strength Evaluation of Silt-Clay Soil Under Uni-Axial Compression

Effect of different moisture content and applied pressure to soil shear strength parameters are evaluated. Silt-Clay soil from Ngemplak, Kalikotes, Klaten Regency becomes the subject of the experiment. The research was conducted using a simulation in the laboratory to determine the relationship between water content and soil pressure. The expected values are the pressure that arises and the shear strength of the soil when using four water constructions of 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%. For each variation of moisture content, three different pressure in the form of uni-axial compression that considered based on the different energy given by equipment used to do compaction will affect the soil density. The applied pressure used is 1.5 kN, 2.5 kN, and 3.5 kN. The result showed that moisture content having a great impact on soil shear strength parameter. The cohesion of soil decreases due to an increase in water content. The friction angle works in linear conditions with moisture content but decreases at the value of 35% water content. The best-fitted distribution for the relationship between soil shear strength and moisture content is polynomial order two. Follow the equation for 1.5 kN applied pressure is y = -0.0036x 2 + 0.2236x - 2.4898, for 2.5 kN applied pressure the equation is y = -0.0025x 2 + 0.1545x-1.3383, and for 3.k kN applied pressure the equation is y = -0.0022x 2 + 0.1357x - 1.0344.

Effects of plant hydraulic traits on the flammability of live fine canopy fuels

Abstract Plant species vary in how they regulate moisture and this has implications for their flammability during wildfires. We explored how fuel moisture is shaped by variation within five hydraulic traits: saturated moisture content, cell wall rigidity, cell solute potential, symplastic water fraction and tissue capacitance. Using pressure–volume curves, we measured these hydraulic traits in twigs and distal shoots (i.e. twigs + leaves) in 62 plant species across four wooded communities in south‐eastern Australia. Moisture content of fine fuels was then estimated for circumstances typical of fire weather. These projections were made assuming that under the hot, dry, windy conditions typical of large wildfires, leaves and fine twigs would function at internal water pressures close to wilting point (i.e. turgor loss point, TLP). The effect of different moisture contents at TLP on ignition time was then modelled using a fully mechanistic, finite element model of biomass ignition based on standard principles of physical chemistry. We also measured predawn water potential, an indication of plant access to soil water that is influenced by root architecture. These data were used to model how root traits influence fuel moisture and ignition time. Most variation among species in fuel moisture under fire weather conditions arose from differences in saturated moisture content (3.4‐ to 3.6‐fold variation). Twig capacitance was also an important driver of fuel moisture under these weather conditions (1.9‐ to 2.2‐fold variation in moisture content). A suite of other leaf and root traits influencing how much shoots dry out as they approach wilting point each contributed 1.0‐ to 1.6‐fold variation in projected fuel moisture during fire weather. Fuel moisture variation in turn drove variation in flammability by modifying predicted ignition time. Two main life‐history types in fire‐prone habitats are obligate seeders and resprouters. There were no significant differences between these species groups in estimated fuel moisture during fire weather, nor in any measured hydraulic traits. Live fuel moisture is an important determinant of wildfire activity. Our data show that variation in tissue saturated moisture content among co‐occurring species represents an important ecological store of variation in flammability in the study communities. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Effect of Frying Conditions on Self-Heating Fried Spanish Mackerel Quality Attributes and Flavor Characteristics.

In this study, we investigated the effects of different frying conditions on the quality characteristics of fried Spanish mackerel (Scaberulous niphonius) to address the food quality degradation of self-heating fish products after frying, sterilization, and reheating. Furthermore, the effect of different moisture contents (65%, 60%, 55%, and 50%) of fried Spanish mackerel on texture, color, and microstructure after sterilization and self-heating were examined. The flavor fingerprints of different frying temperatures (140 °C, 160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C) coupled with the optimal moisture content were identified; furthermore, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were studied using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) with principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that the shear force value significantly increased, while the hardness and chewiness significantly decreased simultaneously with decreasing moisture content. Samples containing 65% moisture content showed the highest L*, a*, and W values, while their b* value was the lowest, and the most clearly visible fibrous veins with tiny cracks could be observed in them. Samples fried at 160 °C and 65% moisture content exhibited the richest VOCs, with a greasy or fried aroma. Based on the PCA, there were significant differences in the sample VOCs under different frying conditions. In summary, among all treatments, frying at 160 °C with 65% moisture content resulted in the highest food quality of fish filets. The results of this study could provide a theoretical basis for improving the food quality of self-heated fish products.

Effects of Moisture on the Mechanical Behavior of Sand–Geogrid: An Experimental Investigation

Soil–geosynthetic interaction is a key factor for designing and analyzing reinforced soil structures. In this investigation, the effect of different moisture content on the behavior of soil–geogrid interfaces is evaluated using direct shear and pullout tests. The results are presented and discussed in terms of direct shear and interface shear behavior, the frictional resistance of interfaces, efficiency factor, pullout resistance, pullout behavior, and apparent friction coefficient. The results revealed that a decrease in moisture content resulted in an increase in the both interface friction angle and adhesion of specimens. Moreover, the interface friction angle of sand–geogrid specimens in pullout tests was higher than that of direct shear tests. According to interface shear results, the efficiency factors ranged from 0.87 to 0.99. Based on pullout results, the apparent friction coefficient was found to be in the range of 0.77–1.72.

Effect of moisture content on tunnel fire resistance of self-compacting concrete coated with aerogel mortar

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is widely used in tunnel linings that are subject to fire risks. During tunnel fires, personnel and structural safety are commonly threatened by the explosive spalling of SCC due to its high strength and high moisture content. Recent studies have suggested that a coating of fire-resistant material can efficiently prevent SCC from spalling during a tunnel fire. In this study, SCC samples coated with a 6 mm thick layer of silicon dioxide aerogel-cement mortar (SiO2-ACM) were prepared and compared with uncoated samples. The effects of different moisture contents (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) on the fire resistance of SCC were investigated. The results show that SiO2-ACM exhibited excellent mechanical and durability performances as well as low thermal conductivity. During exposure to mimetic tunnel fire, the degree of spalling of SCC increased as moisture content increased. The SCC samples with the SiO2-ACM coating exhibited much less spalling than those without such coating. After the mimetic tunnel fire, the uncoated SCC samples had almost completely failed in terms of compressive strength, whereas the residual compressive strength of the coated SCC samples was more than 68·6% even for the SCC with 100% moisture content. Therefore, a SiO2-ACM coating provides an attractive means by which to enhance the behaviour of SCC during a tunnel fire.

The influence of drip irrigation on growth of plum seedlings in central non-black soil zone of European Russia

One of the methods of environmentally friendly irrigation is drip irrigation, which also improves the quality and yield of agricultural and fruit crops. The aim of the work was to study the effect of different moisture content of the soil on the growth and development of plum seedlings grown in a fruit nursery in the conditions of the Non-Black Soil Zone of European Russia. For the rational use of irrigation water and obtaining high-quality plum planting material in the nursery, it is recommended to use an irrigation regime with maintaining soil moisture in the range of 80-100% lowest moisture capacity with a soaking depth of 30 cm in the first year and 40 cm in the second year.