Effect Of Different Irrigation Protocols Research Articles

Assessment of the Effect of Different Irrigation Protocols on the Penetration of Irrigation Solution into Simulated Lateral Canals (In Vitro Study).

To compare the effectiveness of lateral canal irrigation penetration by conventional needle, passive ultrasonic, sonic endo activator, and Erbium laser (2780nm). A total of 40 palatal roots of human maxillary first molars were collected and instrumented at a working length of 12 mm by an X1-X4 rotary Protaper Next system (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using the crown-down technique. Artificial lateral canals were made at 2, 4, and 6 mm from the apex on mesial and distal sides using an ISO rotary reamer (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland; #10 for mesial, #08 for distal). The samples were then cleared using methyl salicylate. A solution of black ink and normal saline was used as an irrigant for the root canal. The percentages of the penetration of the ink into the lateral canals were measured using a stereomicroscope (Q-Scope, Arnhem, The Netherlands) with the aid of program Image J. The Tukey test is used to assess the significant difference between intragroup and intergroup comparisons of different thirds, and the T-test is used to assess the significant difference between every two groups and for the mesial and distal sides of each group. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results showed that none of the activation techniques used resulted in complete lateral canal penetrations; however, on both sides at all thirds, the Erbium laser (2780 nm) achieved the highest results with a highly significant statistical difference (p=0.05) with all other groups, and the least penetration was in the conventional needle group. The size of the lateral canal is a restricting factor for all activation methods; the best results can be achieved by laser. Conventional needles cannot be used alone to disinfect complex canal anatomy; however, passive ultrasonic and sonic endo activator activations can produce comparable results.

Effect of various irrigation protocols and antioxidant application on bonding performance of two adhesive systems to coronal dentin.

The aim was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation protocols and antioxidants application on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two different adhesive systems to deep coronal dentin at different temperature. One hundred and twenty human premolar teeth were cut longitudinally in two halves, then the prepared specimens were allocated into four main groups according to the irrigation protocols; Distilled water (control), Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + Ethylenediamine Tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA), and NaOCl + Editronate (HEDP), two subgroups according to irrigation solutions temperature; 4°C and 37°C, two divisions according to grape seed extract (GSE) application (with and without), and two subdivisions according to the applied adhesive systems; OptiBond-All-In-One (OPT) and ScotchBond Universal (SBU). Adhesives were applied in self-etch (SE) mode and resin composite material discs were built. Specimens were kept in distilled water for 24-h at 37°C before SBS testing. Four-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used for data analysis (α=0.05). 4°C irrigants solution temperature showed the least significant SBS values, distilled water group showed significantly higher SBS values compared to NaOCl + EDTA and NaOCl + HEDP groups respectively. GSE application improved dentin bond strength significantly within each adhesive. Increasing the temperature of the irrigation solutions has significantly enhanced the SBS of coronal dentin. Antioxidants application following different irrigation protocols has improved the SBS. Key words:Irrigation protocols, temperature, bond strength, coronal dentin, antioxidant, adhesive systems.

Effect of different irrigation protocols for applications in regenerative endodontics on mechanical properties of root dentin.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of NaOCl with and without passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on mechanical properties of human dentin for applications in regenerative endodontics (RE). Sixty single-rooted teeth were sectioned into 2 halves (n=120). Dentin bars were produced from one half for flexural strength and the other half was used for microhardness. Specimens were randomly assigned into 10 groups: G1 and G2 (control): distilled water for 30 and 60min, respectively; G3: 1.5%NaOCl for 30min; G4:1.5%NaOCl for 60min; G5: 1.5%NaOCl+PUI for 30min; G6: 1.5%NaOCl+PUI for 60min; G7: 5.25%NaOCl for 30min; G8: 5.25%NaOCl for 60min; G9: 5.25%NaOCl+PUI for 30min; G10: 5.25%NaOCl+PUI for 60min. An increase in NaOCl concentration showed highly significant reduction in mechanical properties. There was no significant difference between 1.5% NaOCl and control group except for specimens treated with PUI for 60min. NaOCl in concentrations recommended for RE did not have a significant effect on mechanical properties of dentin. However, PUI with increased irrigation time might have an effect even with low NaOCl concentration.

Effects of different irrigation protocols on dentin surfaces as revealed through quantitative 3D surface texture analysis

The combination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been advocated as an effective irrigation methodology to remove organic and inorganic matter in root canal therapy. Yet, it was suggested that both solutions might lead to structural changes of the dentinal wall surface, depending on the order of application which might affect sealer mechanical retention. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different irrigating protocols on dentin surface roughness using quantitative 3D surface texture analysis. Data stems from 150 human root dentin sections, divided into five groups, each prepared according to one of the following protocols: Negative control; 17% EDTA; 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl; and 5.25% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA. Each dentin sample was examined for its three-dimensional surface texture using a high-resolution confocal disc-scanning measuring system. EDTA 17% and the combined EDTA 17% with NaOCl 5.25% showed considerably higher roughness properties compared to the control and to NaOCl 5.25% alone. However, the irrigation sequence did not affect the dentin roughness properties. Therefore, mechanical retention is probably not dependent upon the selection of irrigation protocol sequence.

Effect of different irrigation protocols and calcium hydroxide dressing on the microhardness of root canal dentin

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation protocols and calcium hydroxide dressing on the microhardness of root canal dentin. Methodology: Thirty human teeth were decoronated and root segments were obtained from pre-established cuts made below the cemento-enamel junction. After specimen’s preparation, the initial dentin microhardness (H0) was measured with a Vickers indenter, on the coronal surface, at 150 µm and 500 µm from the root canal lumen. Next, the specimens were randomly distributed into three groups (n=10), according to the different irrigation protocols: 1% NaOCl; 1% NaOCl + 17% EDTA; and 5% NaOCl. After irrigation, the hardness measurement was repeated (H1), in another quadrant. Then, Ca(OH)2 dressing was applied and left for 30 days, until it was removed and a new microhardness measurement (H2) was made, in a third quadrant. The data were statistically analyzed using the three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests, set at α=0.05. Results: The factors analyzed (moment of VH, distance from the canal lumen and irrigation protocol) were statistically significant (p 0.05). The 5% NaOCl group shown the greatest difference between H0 and H1 measurements (p<0.05). Conclusions: All irrigation protocols promoted significant decrease of the dentin microhardness. The Ca(OH)2 dressing for 30 days did not significantly affect the microhardness of the root canal dentin.

Influence of sodium hypochlorite/etidronic acid combination and SmearOFF on push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin.

The aim was to evaluate the effects of different irrigation protocols on the bonding ability of fiber posts on root canal dentin through push-out test and the dentin tubule penetration of luting cement by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Forty-eight single-rooted premolars were divided into six groups (n=8) based on post space irrigation protocols: Saline 0.85%; Etidronate 18% (HEBP); EDTA 17%; NaOCl 5.25%+EDTA 17%; NaOCl 2.5%/HEBP 9% combination; SmearOFF. Two specimens per group were assessed with CLSM. The push-out test and the failure analysis were performed. Whilst EDTA had the highest bond strength at the coronal and middle thirds, it was not statistically significant compared to saline, HEBP, and NaOCl/HEBP at the middle third (p>0.05). Cement/dentin adhesive failures were predominant (41.9%) and the intratubular fluorescence intensity was significant among the groups (p<0.05). EDTA resulted in highest bond strength values and dentinal penetration.

Influence of different irrigation protocols on microhardness and flexural strength values of young and aged crown dentin.

To investigate the effect of different irrigation protocols on microhardness (MH) and flexural strength (FS) values of young and aged crown dentin. In addition to ageing, root canal irrigation might also affect the mechanical properties of coronal dentin walls. One hundred and twenty dentin bars (2mm×2mm×8mm) were obtained from the crowns of extracted, non-caries, human molars of young and older patients (n=60 bars; average patient ages: 16.7 and 65.4, respectively). Subgroups were formed as follows: 2.5%NaOCl(sodium hypochlorite)+5%EDTA(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), 2.5%NaOCl+15%EDTA, 2.5%NaOCl, 5%EDTA, 15%EDTA and Saline. NaOCl and saline were used for 20minutes and EDTA solutions for 1minute. MH values of each sample were measured before and after the irrigation protocols. The same samples were also submitted for FS analysis. The data were statistically analysed. Young samples had lower MH values at pre- and post-treatment compared to aged samples (P<.05). A significant decrease was observed in MH values of aged samples exposed to 2.5%NaOCl and both NaOCl+EDTA combinations (P<.05). FS values of the young saline-treated group were statistically higher than aged ones (P<.05). Both NaOCl+EDTA combinations caused a significant decrease in FS values of young samples compared to saline (P<.05). Ageing has a significant effect on the MH and FS values of crown dentin samples. 5% EDTA solutions revealed similar results to 15%EDTA regarding MH and FS values of crown dentin in both age groups. The NaOCl+EDTA combination had a prominent effect than EDTA alone, on MH values of young-, and FS values of aged dentin samples.

The effect of different irrigation protocols on smear layer removal in root canals of primary teeth: a SEM study

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of different irrigation protocols on smear layer removal in root canals of primary teeth by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Material and methods: The study was conducted with 40 extracted maxillary primary incisor teeth divided into four groups (n = 10) as 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)+1% NaOCl, 6% citric acid (CA)+1% NaOCl, and 0.9% physiological saline (PS). After the irrigation procedures, root canal walls were examined by SEM and the efficacies of irrigation solutions in smear layer removal were scored and compared. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Friedman and Siegel Castellan tests.Results: The smear layer removal was found to be statistically more effective in groups of 10% EDTA + 1% NaOCl and 6% CA + 1% NaOCl when compared with the other groups (p < .05). Smear removal efficacy was statistically significantly higher in coronal and medium thirds when compared with the apical regions in the experimental groups.Conclusions: It was concluded that 10% EDTA + 1% NaOCl and 6% CA + 1% NaOCl could be alternative irrigation protocols regarding smear layer removal. However, due to the absence of erosive dentinal changes, it might be suggested that using 6% CA + 1% NaOCl can be recommended compared to 10% EDTA + 1% NaOCl in primary root canals.

A Comparative ex-vivo Study of Effects of Different Irrigation Protocols with/without Laser Activation on the Root Dentine's Micro-Hardness.

Objective:To compare the effects of different irrigation protocols, with/without laser activation, on the radicular dentine’s micro-hardness.Methods:Eighty-two human extracted premolars were decoronated and divided into 7 groups. Roots were longitudinally split into two halves. The micro-hardness was measured for one half before and after irrigation protocols. The groups were; G1: MTAD without laser-activation, G2: MTAD with laser-activation, G3: sodium-hypochlorite (SH) with laser-activation, G4: SH then EDTA with laser-activation, G5: SH then MTAD with laser-activation, G6: SH without laser-activation. G7: distilled water (control). In the two-irrigants groups G4 and G5), samples were irrigated first with SH then with MTAD or EDTA irrigants, which were activated by the laser. The difference between the before- and after-irrigation micro-hardness was calculated to obtain the micro-hardness difference. Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample-t and Two-ways ANOVA tests at P=0.05.Results:Overall, the mean dentine’s micro-hardness after-irrigation (103.1) was lower than before-irrigation (116.1) (P<0.001); except for the distilled-water group, (116.6 and 112.9, respectively) (P=0.075). The micro-hardness reduction of SH without laser-activation group (32.5) was the greatest (P<0.001). The single-irrigant or laser-activation irrigation protocols caused significantly less micro-hardness reduction compared to the two-irrigants or no laser-activation protocols. The mean micro-hardness reduction of SH and MTAD groups (both with laser-activation) (5.8 and 9.3, respectively) were significantly lower than other groups, but not from that of the control group (3.7).Conclusion:Using irrigants significantly reduced the root-dentine’s micro-hardness. Although irrigants agitation by an Er: Yag laser significantly minimized micro-hardness reduction, it did not suppress the adverse effects on dentine micro-hardness when two-irrigants were used.

The effect of different irrigation protocols on elastic modulus of dentine and biomechanics of single-rooted premolar tooth: A nano-indentation and finite element analysis study.

This study evaluated the effect of different irrigation protocols on elastic modulus and biomechanics of single-rooted premolar tooth using with nano-indentation and finite element analysis (FEA). Root canals of single-rooted human teeth were prepared, divided into eight groups, and irrigated with (1) 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA; (2) 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + 2.5% NaOCl; (3) 2.5% NaOCl + SmearClear; (4) 2.5% NaOCl + 2% chlorhexidine; (5) 1.3% NaOCl + MTAD; (6) 5.25% NaOCl; (7) 17% EDTA; and (8) saline. The roots were vertically sectioned, and elastic modulus of the root dentine was measured using nano-indenter device at coronal, middle, and apical third. Data were recorded as megapascal and statistically analyzed (one-way analysis of variance, Tukey tests). Three-dimensional FEA model of a premolar tooth was created, and the inner root dentine was modified to simulate the effect of irrigation protocols on root dentine. The elastic properties of inner root dentine layer in the FEA models were modified for each group according to the data obtained with nano-indentation. A 300-N load was applied at the buccal cusp and central fossa of the models with a 45° angle. The stresses were calculated using von Mises stress criteria. All irrigation protocols affected the elastic modulus of root dentine. Groups 2 and 3 showed similar elastic modulus values (P > 0.05), whereas the lowest values were obtained in group 7 (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between groups 4, 5, and 8 (P > 0.05). Despite the effect of different clinically used irrigation protocols on elastic modulus of the inner dentine, this does not affect the biomechanics of the roots.

EVALUATION OF THE MICROHARDNESS OF ROOT CANAL DENTIN AFTER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION PROTOCOLS (IN VITRO STUDY)

INTRODUCTION: Different irrigations solutions may cause alteration in the physicochemical properties of dentin structure thereby affecting the microhardness of root canal dentin. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the effect of different irrigation protocols on microhardness of human root canal dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty extracted single rooted lower premolars were used. All teeth were instrumented using manual stainless steel files and irrigated by 2ml distilled water between each file, then were sectioned by longitudinal splitting of each tooth. The root halves were randomly assigned into 4 parallel groups (n=10) and immersed for 5 minutes with one of the following irrigants: Group I: 10 ml of 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCL), Group II: 10 ml of 17% ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) followed by 10 ml of 2.5% NaOCL, Group III: 10 ml of 2.5% NaOCL followed by 10 ml of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), Group IV: 10 ml of 2.5% NaOCL followed by 10 ml distilled water then were followed by 10ml of 2% CHX. Ten root halves from each group were prepared to measure dentin microhardness at baseline measurement and after treatment to determine the change in microhardness, using Vickers tester. RESULTS: Data were analysed using t-test, ANOVA test and Post Hoc test.Group II showed the highest percentage decrease in microhardness values, followed by group III, then group IV and the lowest was group I. All groups showed a significant difference between each other (P < 0.05), except group III and IV. The coronal third showed the highest percentage decrease with significant difference between apical and middle thirds (P < 0.05), in which there was no significant difference between them. CONCLUSIONS: CHX is the best final irrigant if there is excellent intermediate flush for prevention of its precipitation with NaOCL.The coronal third needs conservative approach as it is the most affected third.

Influence of Intracanal Irrigants on Coronal Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated and Bleached Teeth: An In vitro Study.

Background:Irrigation has a key role in the success of endodontic treatment. Intracanal irrigant solutions have adverse effects on the physical properties of dentin.Aim:The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation protocols on coronal fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth undergoing bleaching treatment.Design and Materials and Methods:Access cavities were prepared in 120 maxillary premolars which were divided into two groups (n = 60) – Group A: nonbleached, Group B: bleached (B). Each group was subdivided into five subgroups based on irrigation protocol (n = 12); G1: normal saline (NS), G2: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), G3: 10% citric acid (CA), G4: 17% ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, and G5: NaOCl plus CA. In Group B, the teeth were bleached using 38% hydrogen peroxide and 20% carbamide peroxide gels as in-office and at-home bleaching techniques for 3 weeks. All the teeth were restored with composite resin, thermocycled, and incubated for 24 h. The specimens underwent fracture resistance tests. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, Tukey honestly significant difference test, t-test, and Chi-squared test (α =0.05).Results:T-test showed significant differences between each two corresponding subgroups (P < 0.0001). In Group A, NS demonstrated significantly higher fracture resistance compared to others; however, minimum fracture resistance recorded in G2. In Group B, the maximum fracture resistance was recorded in G1, with the minimum being recorded in G5. Samples irrigated with NaOCl and NaOCl plus CA exhibited significantly lower fracture resistance compared to NS subgroup (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the irrigation protocol used during endodontic treatment with/without bleaching can affect the coronal fracture resistance.

Final irrigation protocols may affect intraradicular dentin ultrastructure.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation protocols on the root dentin structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thirty-nine lower bovine incisors were hemisected longitudinally and randomly divided into 13 groups (n=3). After the root halves were reassembled, it was applied a specific irrigation protocol for each group, as following: G1, distilled water (control); G2, 0.9% saline; G3, saline+17% EDTA; G4, saline+PUI; G5, saline+PUI+EDTA; G6 to G9 received the same protocol as above replacing 0.9% saline by 2.5% NaOCl; and G10 to G13 by 2% CHX. One-half of each sample was prepared and evaluated using SEM and the other one by TEM observations. TEM descriptive analysis showed modifications in dentin organic ultrastructure, characterized by the thinning of dentin collagen fibrils, caused by NaOCl, enhanced by EDTA and/or PUI. SEM analysis showed that NaOCl with PUI caused significantly larger erosion of the peritubular dentin than in all the other groups (P<0.05), followed by NaOCl+EDTA and NaOCl+EDTA+PUI. NaOCl caused ultrastructural alterations in the dentin collagen, and enhanced by EDTA and/or PUI, promoted peritubular and intertubular erosion. The effect of irrigating solutions on dentin ultrastructure was still unclear. The acknowledgment about the kind of solution, concentrations, application time, and sequence of use was important to achieve the right sanitization without jeopardizing the dentin ultrastructure quality.

The effects of different irrigation protocols on removing calcium hydroxide from the root canals.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiencies of different irrigation protocols and solutions in the removal of calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2). Sixty-eight maxillary incisors were used. Root canals were prepared and filled with Ca(OH)2. Two control (n = 4) and six experimental groups (n = 10) were adjusted: Group 1:1% peracetic acid (PAA) + master apical file (MAF); Group 2: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + MAF; Group 3: 9% 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) + MAF; Group 4: 1% PAA + ultrasonic activation (UA); Group 5: 17% EDTA + UA; Group 6: 9% HEBP + UA. The cleanliness of root canal thirds were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis were performed (α = 0.05). At coronal thirds; PAA + UA was superior to EDTA + MAF, HEBP + MAF; and PAA + MAF was superior to EDTA + MAF, HEBP + MAF (P < 0.05). At middle thirds; PAA + MAF and PAA + UA were superior to EDTA + MAF and EDTA + UA; and, PAA + UA was superior to HEBP + MAF (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the rest of the experimental groups (P > 0.05). Complete removal of Ca(OH)2could not be achieved by none of the irrigants at all root thirds.

Effect of different irrigation protocols on the radicular dentin interface and bond strength with a metacrylate-based endodontic sealer.

This study assessed the influence of different endodontic chemical substances on the adhesion of the Epiphany SE/Resilon system (with and without resinous solvent) to radicular dentin walls, using the push-out test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Forty-eight root canals of human canines were prepared biomechanically with ProTaper rotary files (crown-down technique) and the radicular dentin was treated with either 17% EDTA, 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) or 2.5% NaOCl (control). The root canals were filled with Resilon cones and Epiphany SE sealer with and without resinous solvent. Six groups of eight canals each had their roots sectioned transversally to obtain 1-mm thick slices. Data were subjected to statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey's tests. The specimens treated with 17% EDTA (1.59 ± 0.91) presented higher bond strength (P < 0.05) than those treated with 2.5% NaOCl (0.93 ± 0.27) and 2% CHX (0.92 ± 0.22). Significantly higher bond strength (P < 0.05) was observed when the Epiphany SE was prepared with (1.37 ± 0.78) than without (0.92 ± 0.33) solvent. Adhesive failures were predominant in all groups. SEM analysis showed greater homogeneity of the filling mass when the solvent was added to the sealer. Treatment of root canal walls with 17% EDTA, and addition of a resinous solvent to Epiphany SE produced the highest adhesion to radicular dentin.

A comparison of residual smear layer and erosion following different endodontic irrigation protocols tested under clinical and laboratory conditions

Objective. To compare the smear layer removal efficacy and erosive effects of different irrigation protocols under clinical and laboratory conditions. Materials and methods. Mandibular third molars (n = 32) of 30–45 year-old patients were instrumented with rotary files and were randomly assigned to one of the following groups for final irrigation: (1) 5.25% NaOCl; (2) 17% EDTA; and (3) BioPure MTAD. Thereafter, the teeth were immediately extracted and processed for micromorphological investigation. In vitro specimen pairs were prepared by repeating the clinical experiments on freshly-extracted mandibular third molars. To compare open and closed systems, laboratory experiments were repeated on 32 additional teeth with enlarged apical foramen. The cleanliness of the root canals and the extent of erosion were assessed by environmental scanning electron microscopy. Results. Specimens prepared under clinical and laboratory conditions had similar cleanliness and erosion scores (p > 0.05). Under both conditions, the tested solutions were more effective in removing the smear layer in the coronal and middle regions than in the apical one. Comparison of closed and open systems showed similar levels of cleanliness and erosion in all regions (p > 0.05), with the exception of 17% EDTA showing significantly higher levels of cleanliness and erosion in the apical third of open-end specimens. Conclusions. Based on clinical correlates of in vitro root canal cleanliness and erosion, laboratory testing of root canal irrigants on extracted teeth with closed apices can serve as a reliable method to simulate the clinical condition. EDTA was the most effective final irrigation solution in removing the smear layer at the expense of yielding the greatest erosive effect.

The effect of different irrigation protocols for smear layer removal on bond strength of a new bioceramic sealer.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of different irrigation protocols for smear layer removal on the bond strength of EndoSequence BC Sealer, a new bioceramic sealer, to root canal dentin. The middle third of forty-four extracted human teeth were sectioned horizontally to obtain 128 dentin disks. After standardization of canal spaces, dentin disks were immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 20 min. The specimens were then randomly assigned to four groups (n=32) according to dentin treatment procedure: group 1, 17% EDTA (1 min); group 2, 17% EDTA (1 min) + 5.25% NaOCl (5 min); group 3, 17% EDTA (1 min) + 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) (5 min); and group 4, 17% EDTA (1 min) + saline (5 min). After dentin treatment, two specimens of each group were prepared for investigation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface of root canal wall was assessed in each specimen. Then the canal spaces were filled with EndoSequence BC Sealer in the remaining specimens. Push-out bond-strength and failure modes were assessed. The data on push-out test were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. The significance level was set at P=0.05. There was no significant difference between the bond strengths of test groups (P=0.203). The bond failure was mainly cohesive for all groups. Under the conditions of this ex vivo study, it could be concluded that the application of 17% EDTA alone or followed by 5.25% NaOCl, 2% CHX, or saline resulted in similar bond strength of EndoSequence BC Sealer to dentinal walls.