Effect Of Different Concentrations Research Articles

Effect of different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in cryodiluent on freezability and DNA integrity of bull spermatozoa

Effect of different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in cryodiluent on freezability and DNA integrity of bull spermatozoa

New insights into the role of mild hypoxia in regulating neural stem cell characteristics.

The proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is precisely regulated by extracellular and extracellular environmental factors. In situ hypoxia, one of the key factors involved in the regulation of NSC characteristics, has attracted increasing amounts of attention. Numerous studies have demonstrated that hypoxia can significantly promote the formation of neurospheres and the proliferation of NSCs in vitro and that intermittent hypoxia can promote the proliferation of endogenous NSCs in vivo. In this paper, the effects of different concentrations of oxygen on NSC proliferation and differentiation both in vivo and in vitro are reviewed, and the potential applications of hypoxia-preconditioned NSCs, as well as research progress and challenges in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. are further summarized. Here, the critical role of oxygen in the neurogenesis of NSCs is emphasized, and insights into the use of hypoxia to regulate NSC characteristics are provided.

Expression profile and immunomodulatory roles of methionine-enkephalin and delta opioid receptor in Octopus ocellatus

In this study, the expressions and distributions of methionine-enkephalin (Met-enk) and δ opioid receptor in the nervous system of Octopus ocellatus, and the immune regulatory mechanisms of Met-enk on O. ocellatus were explored. The distributions and expressions of Met-enk and δ opioid receptor were assessed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. UV-spectrophotometer, microplate reader, and flow cytometer were used to examine the effects of different concentrations of Met-enk on phagocytosis, antioxidant effects, and body surface mucus immunity of O. ocellatus hemocytes. The data were used to study the mechanisms of Met-enk immunity regulation in O. ocellatus. According to the results, the expression levels of Met-enk and δ opioid receptor in O. ocellatus lymphocytes were higher than those in hemocytes. The expression levels of Met-enk in the ganglia of O. ocellatus decreased in the following order: pedal ganglia > cerebral ganglia > visceral ganglia > optic ganglia > stellate ganglia. Moreover, the phagocytic activity of O. ocellatus hemocytes was enhanced with increasing Met-enk concentration. With increasing Met-enk concentration, the expressions of nitric oxide, total nitric oxide synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, catalase, hydrogen peroxide, myeloperoxidase, reduced glutathione, α-naphthy acetate esterase, and methionine aminopeptidases decreased in serums of O. ocellatus in the experimental group compared to the blank group. Similarly, the content of reduced glutathione in the hemocytes of O. ocellatus was also lower in the experimental group than in the blank group; however, the expressions of other substances were higher compared to the blank group. Furthermore, α-naphthy acetate esterase, myeloperoxidase, and hydrogen peroxide expressions in mucus immunity trials of the body surface were lower in the experimental group compared to the blank group. These results indicate that the distributions and expressions of Met-enk and δ opioid receptor in the nervous system of O. ocellatus were related to axoplasmic transport and immune regulation mechanisms. Met-enk participates in cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and mucus immunity in the form of neurotransmitters, thereby regulating the immune response of O. ocellatus.

Вплив різних концентрацій наночастинок ортованадату гадолінію ітрію на клітинну лінію раку молочної залози МСF-7

The article analyzes the effect of different concentrations of GdYVO4 :Eu3+ nanoparticles solution, which were pre-activated by ultraviolet light and not activated, on metabolic activity of the MCF-7 cancer cell culture. It was found that the degree of changes in the state of breast cancer cells depended on the concentration of nanoparticles, namely, the toxic effect was observed under conditions of exposure to high concentrations.

Study on Anti-fatigue Effects and Mechanisms of Polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the anti-fatigue effects of Paris polyphylla polysaccharide component 1 (PPPm-1) and explore its mechanisms. A mouse model of exercise-induced fatigue was established by weight-bearing swimming to observe the effects of different concentrations of PPPm-1 on weight-bearing swimming time. The anti-fatigue effect of PPPm-1 was determined by the effects of contraction amplitude, contraction rate, and diastolic rate of the frog gastrocnemius muscle in vivo before and after infiltration with 5 mg/mL PPPm-1. The effects of PPPm-1 on the contents of blood lactate, serum urea nitrogen, hepatic glycogen, muscle glycogen in the exercise fatigue model of mice, and acetylcholine (ACh) content and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity at the junction of the frog sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius under normal physiological, and Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities of the frog gastrocnemius were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to investigate the anti-fatigue mechanisms of PPPm-1. The results showed that PPPm-1 could significantly prolong the weight-bearing swimming time in mice (P < 0.01), decrease the contents of blood lactate and serum urea nitrogen, increase the contents of the hepatic glycogen and muscle glycogen of mice after exercise fatigue compared with those of the control group, and there was extremely significant difference in most indicators (P < 0.01). The 5mg/mL of PPPm-1 could significantly promote the contraction amplitude, contraction rate, and relaxation rate of the gastrocnemius muscle in the frogs, and the content of ACh at the junction of the frog sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius (P < 0.01), but it had obvious inhibitory effetc on the activity of AChE at the junction of the frog sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius (P < 0.01). PPPm-1 could increase the Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities of gastrocnemius in the frogs (for Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase, P < 0.01). The above results suggested that the PPPm-1 had a good anti-fatigue effect, and its main mechanisms were related to improving endurance and glycogen reserve, reducing glycogen consumption, lactate and serum urea nitrogen accumulation, and promoting Ca2+ influx.

Effect of Different Concentrations of Auxin as Well as Cytokinin on Shoot Initiation, Formation and Multiplication of Pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.) cv. Valentia with MS Semi-solid Medium

The pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) is conventionally propagated through vegetative means. But, this approach of propagation is not feasible for commercial production of plants and has at more time the chances of reduction yield. Therefore, the availability of quality planting material is of urgent need. Recently, there has been a promising approach for pepino multiplication at large scales through tissue culture because it generates a large number of contamination free plantlets in a minimum space and time. The combination of different growth regulators may be tried to maximize the initiation, growth and development of shoot in commercial propagation of pepino plants. The Minimum days taken for shoot initiation (5.21 days) was noted under BAP 3.00 mgl-1 + IBA 0.50 ppm, and minimum days taken for shoot development (40.82 days) was noted under of BAP 3.00 ppm + IBA 1.00 ppm. The highest length of shoot (9.52 cm) was produced in media supplemented with BAP 3.00 ppm + IBA 1.00 ppm. Maximum percent of developed shoots obtained from the established culture (67.79) was noted under the treatment of BAP 3.00 ppm + IBA 1.00 ppm; While maximum shoots per explants/ innoculums from the established culture (4.06) was noted under the treatment of BAP 3.00 ppm + IBA 1.00 ppm. Maximum number of leaves / plantlet from the established culture (10.85) was noted under the treatment of BAP 3.00 ppm + IBA 1.00 ppm and maximum fresh weight (mg) of shoot / plantlet obtained from the established culture (26.05 mg) was noted under the treatment of BAP 3.00 ppm + IBA 1.00 ppm.

Study on the inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects of different concentrations of total tanshinone alone and in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors on human myeloid leukemia cell lines

Objective: To explore the effect and investigate the molecular mechanism of different concentrations of total tanshinones alone and in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of human myeloid leukemia cell lines. Methods: K562 and Kasumi-1 cell lines were purchased from the Shanghai Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the TKIs-resistant strain K562/T315I cell line was constructed in Molecular Medicine Research Center, Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology. Logarithmic growth phase cells were taken and divided into intervention groups with total tanshinone of 0, 2.19, 4.38, 8.75, 17.50 and 35.00 μg/ml intervention groups, which were inoculated in 96-well plates at a density of 1×104 cells/well and exposed to the drug for 24 h, and a control group treated with dimethyl sulfoxide was also set up simultaneously. All experiments were repeated independently 3-5 times. The proliferative activity of the cells was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of apoptosis-regulating proteins Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed by Western blotting. The cell lines treated and untreated with total tanshinone were subjected to transcriptome sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis to identify differentially expressed genes. Results: The half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 8.75 μg/ml total tanshinone at 24 h for K562, K562/T315I and Kasumi-1 cells were (4.11±0.02), (4.95±0.04) and (3.98±0.01) μg/ml, respectively. When combined with 0.25 μmol/L imatinib, 8.75 μg/ml total tanshinone could enhance the induction of apoptosis effects on K562 and K562/T315I cell lines. After being treated with 4.38, 8.75, and 17.50 μg/ml of total tanshinone for 24 h, compared with the control group, total tanshinone upregulated the expression level of Bax protein, downregulated the expression level of Bcl-2 protein, and decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (all P<0.05). Total tanshinone inhibited the proliferation-related signaling pathway and DNA damage repair pathway of myeloid leukemia cell lines, and activated the signaling pathway that induces apoptosis in leukemia cells. Conclusion: Different concentrations of total tanshinoneinhibites proliferation and promote apoptosis in K562, Kasumi-1 and TKIs-resistant K562/T315I cell lines, and further enhance the anti-leukemic effect when combined with TKIs.

Chemical treatment in 3D dental model production for clear aligners via additive manufacturing: a comprehensive evaluation

Purpose Stereolithography (SLA) additive manufacturing (AM) technique has enabled the production of inconspicuous and aesthetically pleasing orthodontics that are also hygienic. However, the staircase effect poses a challenge to the application of invisible orthodontics in the dental industry. The purpose of this study is to implement chemical postprocessing technique by using isopropyl alcohol as a solvent to overcome this challenge. Design/methodology/approach Fifteen experiments were conducted using a D-optimal design to investigate the effect of different concentrations and postprocessing times on the surface roughness, material removal rate (MRR), hardness and cost of SLA dental parts required for creating a clear customized aligner, and a container was constructed for chemical treatment of these parts made from photocurable resin. Findings The study revealed that the chemical postprocessing technique can significantly improve the surface roughness of dental SLA parts, but improper selection of concentration and time can lead to poor surface roughness. The optimal surface roughness was achieved with a concentration of 90 and a time of 37.5. Moreover, the dental part with the lowest concentration and time (60% and 15 min, respectively) had the lowest MRR and the highest hardness. The part with the highest concentration and time required the greatest budget allocation. Finally, the results of the multiobjective optimization analysis aligned with the experimental data. Originality/value This paper sheds light on a previously underestimated aspect, which is the pivotal role of chemical postprocessing in mitigating the adverse impact of stair case effect. This nuanced perspective contributes to the broader discourse on AM methodologies, establishing a novel pathway for advancing the capabilities of SLA in dental application.

Microbial adaptation and biodegradation mechanisms of perfluorinated compounds in different functional zones of the Yellow River Delta, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are widespread environmental pollutants that pose risks to ecosystems. Our research in the Yellow River Delta watershed focused on two rivers, Shenxian Gou and Tiao He, representing the impacts of oil extraction and urban wastewater, respectively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of PFCs on the microbial community structure and to investigate the mechanisms of their degradation by microorganisms. The results suggested that the microbial communities were influenced by the combined effects of PFCs concentration and water quality (0.33), with a notable emphasis on the impact of PFCs (0.28). The 16S rDNA gene amplicon data revealed significant variations in both the structural composition and functional aspects of microbial communities across different concentrations of PFCs (p < 0.05). In particular, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was found to interfere with several microbial metabolic functions, including DNA functions, structural pathways, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Certain bacteria, such as Hydrogenophaga, Luteolibacter, and Pseudorhodobacter, were found to synergistically promote perfluorooctanoic acid degradation. The results improve our understanding of the mechanisms through which microbes adapt to and degrade PFCs in different environments and the complex effects PFCs have on ecosystems.

Effect of different concentrations of bovine serum albumin on freezing of goat semen

Objective. Evaluate the effect of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) concentration on the freezability of goat semen in a Tris-based lyophilized preservative-diluter, without performing seminal washing, compared with a control preservative-diluter of lactose-skimmed milk (DC), removing the seminal plasma by centrifugation. Materials and methods. It will cover 90 ejaculates, volume, motility, concentration, viability, and sperm morphology. The fit ejaculates were mixed and the pool divided into five portions, each receiving one of 4 lyophilized combinations based on Tris-Glucose-Ac. Citrus and Glycerol with different concentrations of BSA (0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) or DC. It was frozen in 0.1 ml pellets in nitrogen vapors, and after 2 min., They were stored in liquid nitrogen until thawing 7 days later, the following were determined: motility percentage (30, 120 and 240 minutes), viability, damaged acrosomes and total anomalies (30 and 120 minutes) and were compared using a Binary Logistic Regression model. Results. The highest sperm motility and viability (p &lt;0.05) in the three times was for 0.5%, 1% and 2% of BSA, which were higher than 0.1% of BSA and DC. Damages acrosome and total abnormalities at 30 and 120 minutes were lower (p &lt;0.05) for 0.5%, 1% and 2% of BSA compared to 0.1% and DC. Conclusion. The cryopreservation of goat semen does not require seminal washing by centrifugation if 0.5-2% BSA is used as a membrane protector in a lyophilized dilute-conservative based on Tris-Glucose-Citric Acid and Glycerol.

Analysis of Salt Stress on Soil Microbial Community Composition and Its Correlation with Active Components in the Rhizosphere of Acanthopanax senticosus.

Salt stress can adversely affect plant seed germination, growth and development, and eventually lead to slow growth and even death of plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 stress on the physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, rhizosphere microbial community and seven active components (L-phenylalanine, Protocatechuic acid, Eleutheroside B, Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid, Eleutheroside E, Isofraxidin) of Acanthopanax senticosus rhizosphere soil. Statistical analysis was used to explore the correlation between the rhizosphere ecological factors of Acanthopanax senticosus and its active components. Compared with Acanthopanax senticosus under NaCl stress, Na2SO4 generally had a greater effect on Acanthopanax senticosus, which reduced the richness of fungi in rhizosphere soil and adversely affected the content of multiple active components. Pearson analysis showed that pH, organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, catalase and urease were significantly correlated with active components such as Caffeic acid and Isofraxidin. There were 11 known bacterial genera, 12 unknown bacterial genera, 9 known fungal genera and 1 unknown fungal genus significantly associated with the active ingredient. Salt stress had great changes in the physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microorganisms of the rhizosphere soil of Acanthopanax senticosus. In conclusion, different types and concentrations of salts had different effects on Acanthopanax senticosus, and the active components of Acanthopanax senticosus were regulated by rhizosphere soil ecological factors.

Oral administration of Bacillus coagulans TQ-35 alleviates allergic responses in OVA-sensitive BALB/c mice

Bacillus coagulans has been extensively studied so far, but there has been a lack of research on its usage in allergy. In this study, we designed to assess the effect of different concentrations of B. coagulans on food allergy in a BALB/c mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy and its effect on gut microbes. The assessment of symptoms, specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), T-cell differentiation, and related gene expression levels in sensitized mice by assay indicated that high doses of oral B. coagulans could alleviate allergic symptoms. Treatment with B. coagulans, in the high-dose group, significantly reduced IgE and IgG1 levels and modulated the balance of T helper type 1 cell (Th1) and Th2 and the expression of relevant genes in the spleen. 16S rRNA analysis showed that probiotics improved the structure of the microbiota, in particular by boosting the percentage of Clostridia, Bacteroides vulgatus and Enterococcus faecium, and by increasing the abundance of microbial species, thereby modulating the immune system. Therefore, this study can provide insights into the practical application of B. coagulans doses to alleviate OVA allergy.

Collagen peptides affect collagen synthesis and the expression of collagen, elastin, and versican genes in cultured human dermal fibroblasts.

Collagen is one of the major proteins of the skin and it is particularly important for its strength and resilience. Skin aging is a natural process that is characterized by the decrease and fragmentation of collagen in the dermis. Oral supplementation with collagen peptides has been clinically shown to have a positive effect on the skin condition. However, the mechanisms of aging-related changes synthesized by cells exposed to collagen are currently not well understood. Therefore, in this in vitro study, the mechanisms associated with collagen, elastin, and versican in human dermal fibroblasts were investigated after exposure to collagen peptides. The effects of different concentrations of collagen peptides on cell viability and metabolism were analyzed. For gene expression analysis, human dermal fibroblasts were treated with collagen peptides. This was then followed by RNA extraction and DNA synthesis. Gene expressions of collagen type 1 (COL1A1), elastin (ELN), and versican (VCAN) were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, collagen levels were analyzed by confocal scanning laser microscopy using immunostaining. Collagen peptides tested in the study increased the expression of the relevant COL1A1, ELN, and VCAN genes in human dermal fibroblasts (p < 0.005). Furthermore, confocal microscopy showed increased collagen expression in the dermal fibroblast culture after treatment with the collagen peptides (p < 0.005). These data provide cell-based evidence for the beneficial effects of exposure to collagen peptides on the skin's collagen content and on the molecules that provide firmness and elasticity. This may support the hypothesis that collagen peptides are important for maintaining extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and skin regeneration.

Effectiveness of sodium alginate-based coating on the preservation of Da xanh pomelo fresh-cut

Pomelo (Citrus maxima (Burm. f.) Merr) fresh cut has a highly sensitive fruit and has a short shelf life after peeling. The fruits represent high potentials for local consumption and international export. The objective of the study was to focus on the effects of different concentrations of sodium alginate (1%, 1.5% and 2%) combined with fixed concentrations of calcium chloride (2%) and ascorbic acid (2.5%) to biologically active compounds and allowable microbial content on the surface pomelo fresh cut slices. The results showed that the presence of coating has improved several important quality parameters of the fruit. Specifically, the combination of AL (2%) + AA (2.5%) + calcium chloride (2%) Ascorbic acid (AA) has effectively maintained the total polyphenol content and the total ascorbic acid of the pomelo slice samples, thus exhibiting higher DPPH scavenging activity, as compared to control samples. Furthermore, the pomelo coated with alginate showed good conditions for consumption with minimal microbial degradation and describe good acceptance after 6 days of storage.

Fabrication of a tissue engineering mat by emulsion‐based electrospinning of polycaprolactone/silk fibroin using a new solvent system

AbstractThe development of electrospun tissue engineering scaffolds using silk fibroin and polycaprolactone (PCL) has been reported. The challenge in this system is the design of a suitable solvent with high stability. In this study, a mat was electrospun with PCL‐fibroin fibers using an emulsion consisting of PCL and a blend of fibroin and polyethylene oxide (PEO). The effects of different concentrations of fibroin and PEO and ratios of formic acid: distilled water (FA:DW, solvent for fibroin and PEO) and chloroform: formic acid (Chl:FA, solvent for PCL) were studied. The FA:DW and Chl:FA ratios of 70:30 were proved to make an optimized and stable solvent system. In addition, by controlling the water absorption of the mat, we optimized its weight loss and maintained its integrity for up to 14 days. Also, the mechanical and cell attachment properties were as expected. Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay exhibited the potential of the mats to induce angiogenesis. Furthermore, subcutaneous implantation in a mouse model elicited no significant inflammatory response. This study provides a simple and promising electrospinning fabrication with an optimized solvent system for tissue engineering applications.

Hyperandrogenic environment regulates the function of ovarian granulosa cells by modulating macrophage polarization in PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine-metabolic disorder characterized by oligo-anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries, with hyperandrogenism being the most prominent feature of PCOS patients. However, whether excessive androgens also exist in the ovarian microenvironment of patients with PCOS, and their modulatory role on ovarian immune homeostasis and ovarian function, is not clear. Follicular fluid samples from patients participating in their first in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment were collected. Androgen concentration of follicular fluid was assayed by chemiluminescence, and the macrophage M1:M2 ratio was detected by flow cytometry. In an in vitro model, we examined the regulatory effects of different concentrations of androgen on macrophage differentiation and glucose metabolism levels using qRT-PCR, Simple Western and multi-factor flow cytometry assay. In a co-culture model, we assessed the effect of a hyperandrogenic environment in the presence or absence of macrophages on the function of granulosacells using qRT-PCR, Simple Western, EdU assay, cell cycle assay, and multi-factor flow cytometry assay. The results showed that a significantly higher androgen level and M1:M2 ratio in the follicular fluid of PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism. The hyperandrogenic environment promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory and glycolysis-related molecules and inhibited the expression of anti-inflammatory and oxidative phosphorylation-related molecules in macrophages. In the presence of macrophages, a hyperandrogenic environment significantly downregulated the function of granulosa cells. There is a hyperandrogenic microenvironment in the ovary of PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism. Hyperandrogenic microenvironment can promote the activation of ovarian macrophages to M1, which may be associated with the reprogramming of macrophage glucose metabolism. The increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages in the hyperandrogenic microenvironment would impair the normal function of granulosa cells and interfere with normal ovarian follicle growth and development.

Effects of sliver nanoparticles on nitrogen removal by the heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria Zobellella sp. B307 and their toxicity mechanisms

Due to the widespread use of sliver nanoparticles (AgNPs), a large amount of AgNPs has inevitably been released into the environment, and there is growing concern about the toxicity of AgNPs to nitrogen-functional bacteria. In addition to traditional anaerobic denitrifying bacteria, heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HNAD) bacteria are also important participants in the nitrogen cycle. However, the mechanisms by which AgNPs influence HNAD bacteria have yet to be explicitly demonstrated. In this study, the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of AgNPs on a HNAD bacteria Zobellella sp. B307 were investigated, and the underlying mechanism was explored by analyzing the antioxidant system and the activities of key denitrifying enzymes. Results showed that AgNPs could inhibit the growth and the HNAD ability of Zobellella sp. B307. AgNPs could accumulate on the surface of bacterial cells and significantly destroyed the cell membrane integrity. Further studies demonstrated that the presence of high concentration of AgNPs could result in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related oxidative stress in the cells. Furthermore, the catalytic activities of key denitrifying enzymes (nitrate reductase (NAR), nitrite reductase (NIR), and nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR)) were significantly suppressed under exposure to a high concentration of AgNPs (20 mg·L−1), which might be responsible for the inhibited nitrogen removal performance of strain B307. This work could improve our understanding of the inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of AgNPs on HNAD bacteria.

The effect of tryptone and tomato juice addition on the growth performance of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) explant under in vitro condition

Strawberries are a fruit commodity that has high economic value. The obstacle in strawberry production is the lack of high-quality seed availability with disease-free properties. Tissue culture offers a promising solution to increase both the quantity and quality of strawberry seeds. This study aims to assess the effect of different concentrations of tomato juice and tryptone on the growth of strawberry explants under in vitro growing condition. The research was conducted at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, from December 2022 to May 2023. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was tomato juice (Z), consisting of Z0 = 0 mL/L, Z1 = 50 mL/L, Z2 = 100 mL/L. The second factor was tryptone (T), consisting of T0 = 0 g/L, T1 = 1 g/L, T2 = 2 g/L, T3 = 3 g/L. The addition of 50 mL/L tomato juice solely (T0Z1) resulted in the highest plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, and leaf width. Meanwhile, the addition of2 g/L tryptone solely showed the highest germination rate.

Comparative analysis of the effects of microplastics and nitrogen on maize and wheat: Growth, redox homeostasis, photosynthesis, and AsA-GSH cycle

Microplastics (MPs) pose a significant threat to the function of agro-ecosystems. At present, research on MPs has mainly focused on the effects of different concentrations or types of MPs on a crop, while ignoring other environmental factors. In agricultural production, the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is an important means to maintain the high yield of crops. The effects of MPs and N on growth parameters, photosynthetic system, active oxygen metabolism, nutrient content, and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle of maize and wheat were studied in order to explicit whether N addition could effectively alleviate the effects of MPs on maize and wheat. The results showed that MPs inhibited the plant height of both maize and wheat, and MPs effects on physiological traits of maize were more severe than those of wheat, reflecting in reactive oxygen metabolism and restriction of photosynthetic capacity. Under the condition of N supply, AsA-GSH cycle of two plants has different response strategies to MPs: Maize promoted enzyme activity and co-accumulation of AsA and GSH, while wheat tended to consume AsA and accumulate GSH. N application induced slight oxidative stress on maize, which was manifested as an increase in hydrogen peroxide and malonaldehyde contents, and activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. The antioxidant capacity of maize treated with the combination of MPs + N was better than that treated with N or MPs alone. N could effectively alleviate the adverse effects of MPs on wheat by improving the antioxidant capacity.

Synthesis of modified Schiff base triazole appended silatrane: Elucidating the in vitro and in silico plant growth potential

In the current investigation, modified Schiff base triazole appended silatrane (MSBTAS) has been synthesized using a facile, copper(I) catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) approach. The presence of three plant growth regulating moieties i.e. Schiff base, triazole and silatrane make MSBTAS a unique and an uncommon plant growth regulator (PGR). The effects of different concentrations of MSBTAS (25, 50, 100, and 200 µmol L−1) and three control set-ups on the root and shoot length of two staple crops i.e. Zea mays (corn) and Vigna radiata (mung bean) have been studied. MSBTAS did not show a dose-dependent relationship with the root and shoot length enhancement of the crops. The concentrations 50 µmol L−1 and 100 µmol L−1 were statistically different and better than the control groups for the increase in root and shoot length of Z. mays. For V. radiata, the concentrations 25 µmol L−1 for root length along with 25 µmol L−1 and 50 µmol L−1 for shoot length were statistically different and better than the relative control groups. The in-silico studies have been performed using molecular docking to understand the interaction between MSBTAS and the plant growth protein, resulting in a good binding energy of -7.07 kcal/mol. The docking results obtained with MSBTAS have been validated by comparing the docking results obtained with commercially available PGR, paclobutrazol.