Effects Of Different Application Methods Research Articles

Marine Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) inoculation technology: Testing the effectiveness of different application methods to improve tomato plants tolerance against acute heat wave stress

Regenerative agriculture aims to boost native biodiversity and ensure sustainable production. Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) enhance crop yield through improved nutrient use efficiency or stress tolerance. Utilizing synthetic bacterial communities (SynCom) tailored to specific challenges holds promise for enhancing plant resilience. However, challenges include designing microbial consortia and selecting SynCom application techniques. This study tested four PGPB SynCom application methods on tomato plants to evaluate their effectiveness in promoting plant resistance and recovery from short extreme heat waves. Non-invasive phenotyping techniques were used to assess plant responses to three delivery methods (watering, foliar spray, and alginate spheres immobilization) under heat stress. Plants treated with the marine PGPB SynCom through methods like leaf spraying or encapsulation in alginate spheres exhibited improved resilience in terms of Kautsky curve intensity and shape, indicating better photochemical apparatus function. These techniques also facilitated post-stress recovery. Deep photochemical analysis revealed SynCom-induced improvements in the plant's photochemical apparatus, particularly the PS II donor side. Moreover, it was also possible to observe that upon stress relief these two techniques, alongside the plants inoculated throughout watering were able to recover their photochemical profiles. Analysing the Fv/Fm values, plants inoculated through watering, alginate beads and leaf spray can be considered heat-tolerant, a characteristic conserved throughout the three sampling moments. Heat-wave exposure led to an increase in the energy absorbed by the non-inoculated plants as a counteractive measure to overcome the low energy use efficiency observed (low trapping and transported energy fluxes). The reduction in stress impact was attributed to SynCom's ACC-deaminase production, which lowered ethylene accumulation, promoting growth and photosynthetic efficiency. The study also noted reduced energy dissipation under stress relief, indicating efficient heat dissipation mechanisms due to SynCom application. Statistical models generated with the attained photochemical data allowed depicting specific fluorescence signatures of each thermal and inoculation treatment with a very high degree of accuracy, reinforcing that these different inoculation treatments have in fact different impacts on plant photochemistry but also provide a tool for future phenotyping assessments using the proposed inoculation techniques. Alginate bead based PGPB release emerged as an efficient, scalable technique with continuous benefits for plant growth and stress response.

A comparative study on hemostasis effect of different application methods and time of tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty

A comparative study on hemostasis effect of different application methods and time of tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty

Effects of different application methods of spent coffee grounds on weed growth

AbstractThe extensive and intensive use of herbicides has resulted in the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds in many crop production systems; therefore, it is imperative to devise new organic weed control methods. Recently, the application of spent coffee grounds (SCG) in agricultural fields has been found to inhibit plant growth and germination and is thus considered a potentially effective weed control measure. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different amounts and methods of SCG application on weed growth through field experiments. The field experiments were conducted in an upland field converted from a paddy in western Japan. The results show that the plow-in application of over 10 kg m−2 of SCG and mulching application of 20 kg m−2 decreased the weed dry weight compared with the control. In addition, the growth of weed species of families other than Gramineae, such as wingleaf primrose-willow and horseweed, was not significantly affected by SCG application. Weed species of families other than Gramineae are dominant in some upland fields. Hence, the inhibitory effect of SCG on weeds may be lower in original upland fields than in the upland field converted from paddy field that was investigated in the present study. Overall, this study demonstrated that the plow-in application of 10 kg m−2 of SCG every 4 mo was effective for weed control in an upland field converted from a paddy field. Because SCG worked against grass weeds under the specific conditions in this study, it would be valuable to explore other potential applications of this novel means of weed control.

Rapid correction of iron deficiency in peach trees by direct injection of ferrous sulfate into the trunk

ABSTRACT Chlorosis caused by iron deficiency restricts the growth of plants on calcareous and alkaline soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different application methods of FeSO4 on iron-deficient peach trees. The experiment was conducted for 2 years as a randomized complete blocks design with seven treatments including soil application (500 g tree−1), foliar spraying (0.5% solution, 21 liters tree−1) and trunk injection of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% solutions of FeSO4 on eight-year-old trees. The application method had a significant effect on the characteristics of fruits and leaves. Injection of FeSO4 not only led to elimination of iron chlorosis by increasing chlorophyll and active iron contents of leaves but also increased fruit weight and volume, improved fruit yield and increased TSS content of fruits as compared to the control. On the other hand, soil and foliar application treatments did not have a significant effect on fruit weight, volume and yield. Foliar application increased the active iron content of the leaves but had no significant effect on their chlorophyll content. Based on the results, trunk-injection of FeSO4 is the most effective method for eliminating iron deficiency of peach trees on calcareous and alkaline soils.

Micro-CT comparative evaluation of porosity and dentin adaptation of root end filling materials applied with incremental, bulk, and ultrasonic activation techniques.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different application methods on the adaptation to dentin and porosity properties of calcium silicate based materials. This study included 72 maxillary canine teeth that had been extracted for various reasons. Following the root canal treatment, root, end resections were performed on the specimens. After the apicectomy, 3 mm deep cavities were created. All materials were mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Retrograde cavities were filled with RetroMTA [Group 1a-1c], Biodentine [Group 2a-2c] and BioAggregate [Group 3a-3c]. Placement techniques were applied for each material by using incremental, bulk technique and ultrasonic activation, respectively. The samples were scanned with the SkyScan 1272 μCT system. Porosity values were higher in bulk fill and incremental placement techniques than ultrasonic technique when using MTA and BioAggregate (p < 0.05), but Biodentine showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) on using different placement techniques. The ultrasonic activation technique is beneficial to improve the condensation quality of MTA and BioAggregate. Biodentine showed better results regardless of different application techniques.

Effect of gibberellin, nano-nutrition with titanium, zinc and iron on yield and some physiological and qualitative traits of white beans

Plant nutrition has a vital role in crop production. This study was performed to investigate the effects of different application methods of some nutrients (nano Fe, Zn, and Ti), and gibberellin on yield, some morphophysiological and grain protein of white beans in 2018 as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Experimental factors included seed priming (hydropriming, gibberellin priming, titanium nano dioxide, and nano-Zn priming) and micronutrient foliar spraying (zinc, iron, and zinc + iron). The results illustrated that seed priming and foliar application significantly affected yield, yield components and chlorophyll content. Plant height increased in seed priming treatment with gibberellin and foliar application of zinc + iron by 13% compared to the control. Furthermore, this treatment enhanced the number of sub-branches per plant by 32% compared to the control. Grain yield components such as the number of pods per plant and 100-grain weight were also affected by seed priming with nano-Zn, and the simultaneous spraying of iron and zinc that grain yield by 18%, so that grain yield by 2649 kg ha–1 in hydropriming treatment reached to 3211 kg ha–1 in nano-Zn priming with simultaneous application of zinc and iron. Nano-Zn priming with iron foliar application caused the highest biological yield (9011 kg ha–1), which increased by 19% compared to control. Nano-Zn priming increased grain protein percentage by 21%. This treatment along with the foliar application of zinc + iron, significantly enhanced leaf chlorophyll content compared to other treatments. Therefore, to increase the yield of white beans, priming treatment with nano-Zn as well as foliar application of zinc + iron can be used.

Growth and physiology of ornamental sunflower under salinity in function of paclobutrazol application methods

ABSTRACT The ornamental sunflower has great importance in the floriculture sector due to the color and vitality of its flowers. However, the production and quality of flowers decrease under salt stress, which can be mitigated with paclobutrazol application. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different application methods of paclobutrazol in ornamental sunflower ‘Sol Noturno’ irrigated with brackish waters. The experimental design was randomized blocks arranged in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to five electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.4; 1.9; 3.4; 4.9, and 6.4 dS m-1) and three paclobutrazol application methods (foliar application, via soil and a control treatment - without paclobutrazol), with four replicates. The increase in salinity of irrigation water reduced gas exchange, photosystem II photochemical efficiency, SPAD index, plant height, and chapter diameter. The paclobutrazol application via soil or foliar increased stomatal conductance and transpiration by 21.09 and 17.80%, respectively, in comparison to plants without application, whereas photosynthesis and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency increased by 28.33 and 31.18% via soil and 14.40 and 16.12% via foliar, respectively. The paclobutrazol application, mainly via soil, favored ‘Sol Noturno’ sunflower plants under salt stress, increasing chlorophyll SPAD index and external chapter diameter, and keeping the number of the petals.

Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Overcoming Salt Stress in Sugar Beets (Beta vulgaris L.).

Melatonin has been regarded as a promising substance that enhances the abiotic stress tolerance of plants. However, few studies have devoted attention to the role of melatonin in improving salt tolerance in sugar beets. Here, the effects of different application methods (foliar application (100 μM), root application (100 μM), and combined foliar and root application) of melatonin on the morphological and physiological traits of sugar beets exposed to salt stress were investigated. The results showed that melatonin improved the growth of sugar beet seedlings, root yield and sugar content, synthesis of chlorophyll, photosystem II (PS II) activity, and gas exchange parameters under salt stress conditions. Moreover, melatonin enhanced the capacity of osmotic adjustment by increasing the accumulation of osmolytes (betaine, proline, and soluble sugar). At the same time, melatonin increased the H+-pump activities in the roots, thus promoting Na+ efflux and K+ influx, which maintained K+/Na+ homeostasis and mitigated Na+ toxicity. In addition, melatonin strengthened the antioxidant defense system by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, modulating the ASA-GSH cycle, and mediating the phenylalanine pathway, which removed superoxide anions (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and maintained cell membrane integrity. These positive effects were more pronounced when melatonin was applied by combined foliar and root application. To summarize, this study clarifies the potential roles of melatonin in mitigating salt stress in sugar beets by improving photosynthesis, water status, ion homeostasis, and the antioxidant defense system.

Effects of different application methods of Bacillus subtilis agent on soil microbial diversity and growth of muskmelon

Continuous planting of muskmelon and excessive application of chemical fertilizers have caused a series of problems, such as imbalance of the soil micro-ecological environment, serious soil-borne diseases and yield loss. Application of Bacillus subtilis agent is an important way to improve soil micro-ecological environment, prevent soil-borne diseases, and promote plant growth. In this study, B. subtilis was used as experimental agent to analyze the effects of different application methods on the soil microbial diversity and growth of muskmelon in greenhouse. The number of culturable microorganisms in soil was measured by dilution-plate method. The diversity of soil uncultivated microorganisms was determined by Illumina Miseq sequencing technology. The yield of muskmelon was measured by weighing method. The number of culturable bacteria in the root irrigation, hole application and dipping root application groups was higher than that of the control in different muskmelon growth stages, but there was no significant difference among the three different application methods. The number of soil fungi from B. subtilis agent treatment groups in flowering stage was significantly lower in comparison to the control group. However, B. subtilis agent treatment did not cause significant difference on soil fungi number at the fruiting and pulling stage. Diversity analysis of uncultured microorganisms showed that the Shannon index values of bacteria were higher and Simpson index values were lower respectively in the three B. subtilis treatment groups than that in the control. Moreover, the dipping root treatment produced the lowest Shannon index value and the highest Simpson index value of fungi. NMDS and cluster analysis showed that B. subtilis agents dipping root treatment significantly affected the bacterial and fungal flora, both of which were clustered into one independent branch. The application of B. subtilis agents, especially dipping root treatment, significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, increased the abundance of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria. The B. subtilis agent treatment didn't produce significant effect on the diversity of fungal flora except Chytridiomycota. The height, stem diameter and leaf area of muskmelon increased by applying B. subtilis agents, and dipping root treatment produced the most significant effect. As a new type of environmental protection fertilizer, B. subtilis agent can increase the number of soil culturable microorganisms, improve soil microbial diversity, and promote growth and yield. This study would provide a scientific basis for the rational application of B. subtilis.

Effect of Different Application Methods of Zinc and Boron on Growth and Yield of Cabbage

Zinc and boron are the most important trace nutrients for crop production. In recent years, cultivable lands in Bangladesh suffer deficiency of these elements. This research aimed to find out a suitable and effective application method to improve the overall soil nutrient up-gradation for crop production. Here, the treatments were control (T0), soil application of zinc (T1), soil application of boron (T2), foliar application of zinc (T3), foliar application of boron (T4), soil application of zinc and boron (T5), soil application of zinc with foliar application of boron (T6), soil application of boron with foliar application of zinc (T7), and foliar application of zinc and boron (T8). The source of zinc @ 3 kg ha-1 and boron @ 2 kg ha-1 as a basal dose were zinc sulphate and borax, respectively. The foliar application of zinc and boron was done at 45 and 60 days after transplanting @ 1% and the source were chelated zinc and solubor boron, respectively. The result of the experiment was concerning the highest plant height, plant spreading, the number of leaves, stem length, stem diameter, fresh weight of loose leaves, head diameter, head thickness, dry matter content of head, and yield. The highest yield of cabbage was found with the treatment foliar application of zinc and boron (T8). The results of this investigation revealed that the application methods of zinc and boron positively affect the growth and yield of cabbage whereas foliar application of these nutrients always makes higher growth parameters with yield.

Short-term influence of biochar on soil temperature, liquid moisture content and soybean growth in a seasonal frozen soil area

In the past decade, the application of biochar in agricultural soils has attracted wide attention. However, few studies have carefully explored the effects of biochar modification on plant leaf nutrients and the physiological process of plant leaves. To provide a better growing environment for crops and explore the best regulation mode of biochar in the farmland soil environment in the typical black loam area of Heilongjiang Province, through field experiments, we selected soybeans as the test crop and applied biochar in the soil. The agronomic characteristics and soil conditions of soybean plants were monitored by stage. The effects of different application methods and biochar gradients on the water and heat changes in soil tillage layers during different growth stages of crops were discussed, and the subtle differences of agronomic characteristics in different growth stages of crops were compared. The results showed that all kinds of biochar application modes could not change the general trend of water and heat change in soil tillage layer affected by environmental factors, and the effect of biochar application on soil liquid moisture content at 20 cm soil layer was not obvious. Biochar application can increase plant height and reduce stem diameter, but the effect is non-linear. The leaf nitrogen content (Leaf N-content) and leaf chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) were vertically distributed in the canopy, but they did not change significantly with the change of biochar application rate and mode. The application of biochar in autumn may bring crops into maturity earlier. Under the biochar application rate of 9 kg m−2, the mixed application in spring and autumn can bring the best biochar application effect.

Double-Stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) as a Sustainable Tool against Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea) in Grapevine: Effectiveness of Different Application Methods in an Open-Air Environment.

Grapevine is one of the most important and globally widespread fruit species, with a high impact on the economy of many countries but with an intense environmental effect. Therefore, new environmentally friendly defense strategies against fungal pathogens are needed for more sustainable agriculture. A novel emerging approach is spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), which concerns the exogenous application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) inducing enhanced plant resistance against fungal pathogens. Here, we tested the ability of SIGS to prevent and counteract infection of Botrytis cinerea, one of the most economically impacting pathogens of grapevine. In particular, we tested three independent approaches for dsRNA delivery into plants: (i) high pressure spraying of leaves; (ii) petiole adsorption of dsRNAs; (iii) postharvest spraying of bunches. We demonstrated that independently from the method of application, SIGS can reduce virulence of the fungus. Moreover, we also observed three different levels of efficacy depending on the method of application. Thus, the present data provide crucial information on the possibility to exploit SIGS as an alternative sustainable and ecofriendly strategy for grapevine pre- and postharvest protection.

Effect of Different Application Methods on the Nematicidal Activity of Bio and Synthetic Chemicals against Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood

Effect of Different Application Methods on the Nematicidal Activity of Bio and Synthetic Chemicals against Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood

Application method affects pesticide efficiency and effectiveness in wheat fields.

There is an urgent need to enhance pesticide effectiveness while reducing adverse environmental impacts, based on the pesticide reduction program that requires net zero growth in chemical pesticide applications by 2020. Agricultural production can benefit from appropriate pesticide application using the optimal method. In this study, the effects of different application methods on the effectiveness, spray deposition, and residue behaviour of 48% phenamacril · tebuconazole suspension concentrate (SC) in wheat production were compared to determine the most efficient and effective method. 48% phenamacril · tebuconazole SC was most effective in controlling Fusarium head blight (FHB) and mycotoxin contamination. Statistically significant differences in the control effect, spray deposition, initial residues, and half-life (t1/2 ) were subsequently observed with different application methods, suggesting that the application method plays a key role in pesticide availability and control efficiency. The differences in control efficiency and pesticide residues between application methods were thought to be related to droplet size, droplet distribution, and penetrability. Unmanned aerial vehicle and mister sprayers were found to effectively increase the control efficacy of 48% phenamacril · tebuconazole SC in terms of FHB control and mycotoxin concentrations, as well as enhancing pesticide availability. These findings are of theoretical and practical value for the scientific application of pesticides in wheat, helping to enhance pesticide utilization while reducing harmful residues. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effects of different biochar application methods on soybean growth indicator variability in a seasonally frozen soil area

As an emerging soil amendment, biochar has attracted widespread attention worldwide. However, comprehensive research on the hydrothermal changes in biochar during natural freezing and thawing and the growth of crops after freezing and thawing has not yet been performed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hydrothermal changes in biochar during freeze-thaw conditions and the variation in plant indicators in different biochar addition plots. Soybean was selected as the test crop via field experimentation. Biochar was applied to the soil at an areal density of 9 kg/m2 in autumn, spring, autumn and spring mixed application to identify whether biochar could be widely beneficial. The results showed that after natural freezing and thawing, biochar could provide a good accumulated temperature for crop growth before sowing and effectively improve soil moisture, causing the soil in the root zone of each study site to change slightly. At the same time, biochar application promotes crop growth; however, the effects of different application methods vary. Compared with the control case, in the case of spring biochar application, the plant height and leaf area increased by 20% and 6.3%, respectively, while the stem diameter decreased by 6.1%. The leaf nitrogen content and leaf chlorophyll content basically remained the same. In addition, in the case of multiple biochar applications, we found that the difference between soybean stem diameter and leaf area was the greatest of all the application modes. In the case of application in spring and autumn mixed, the differences in the soybean indicators within the same experimental plot were the greatest. Compared with the control results, the autocorrelation of application in spring and autumn mixed is weak and does not affect actual production. Therefore, the difference caused by biochar application can be approximately ignored.

Effects of different application methods of chitosan on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of different application methods of chitosan on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications and twelve treatments combinations viz., T0= Control, T1= Soil application of chitosan (SAC) @80 ppm, T2= SAC @120 ppm, T3= Foliar spraying of chitosan (FSC) @60 ppm, T4= FSC @80 ppm, T5= FSC @100 ppm, T6= Combination of T1 and T3, T7= Combination of T1 and T4, T8= Combination of T1 and T5, T9= Combination of T2 and T3, T10= Combination of T2 and T4, and T11= Combination of T2 and T5. The study results revealed that there were significant variations among the treatments on number of leaves, numbers of flower cluster, flowering duration, fruit length and yield of tomato (L. esculentum). The highest yield of tomato (L. esculentum) was obtained from the treatment T6, while the lowest was obtained from control treatment. Vitamin-C and lycopene content of tomato (L. esculentum) fruits varied from 2.19-4.09 and 2.38-3.58 mg 100g-1 sample, respectively. Among the major minerals, the highest amounts of Ca, Mg, Na, K, S and P were obtained from T7 (0.69%), T3 (0.58%), T8 (0.38%), T1 (0.62%), T4 (0.15%) and T6 (0.33%) treatments, respectively. Study results inferred that the treatment T4 was more effective concerning most of the growth and biochemical parameters of tomato (L. esculentum). Finally, the study concluded that foliar application of chitosan alone or in combination with soil has significant effect on growth, yield and biochemical characters of tomato (L. esculentum).

Pamukta Humik Asidin Farklı Uygulama Yöntemlerinin Toprağın Besin Maddesi İçeriğine Etkisi

Bu çalışma pamukta humik asidin farklı uygulama yöntemlerinin toprağın bitki besin maddesi içeriğine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla, Siirt Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri bölümü deneme alanında, 2016 yılında yürütülmüştür. Yedi farklı uygulamanın (kontrol, toprağa, tohuma, çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde yaprağa, çiçeklenme döneminde yaprağa, toprağa + çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde yaprağa, tohuma + çiçeklenme döneminde yaprağa) yer aldığı çalışmada Stoneville 468 pamuk çeşidi ile TKİ Hümas humik asidi (%5 organik madde, % 12 humik + fulvik asit, %3 suda çözünür potasyum oksit) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada humik asidin farklı uygulama yöntemlerinin toprakta fosfor, potasyum, kalsiyum, sodyum, magnezyum, demir, çinko, mangan ve bakır içeriği değerlerine önemli etkisinin olduğu ve uygulamalar arasında önemli istatistiki farklılıkların elde edildiği, ancak azot içeriği bakımından ise uygulamalar arasında önemli bir farklılığın bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. Tohuma humik asit uygulaması ile toprakta K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn ve Cu içeriği değerlerinin arttığı, çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde yeşil aksama uygulanan humik asit ile topraktaki P değerinin arttığı, topraktaki en yüksek Zn içeriği değerinin ise çiçeklenme döneminde yaprağa uygulanan humik asitten elde edildiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda pamuğa humik asit uygulamasının toprağın besin maddesi içeriğinde artışa yol açtığı, en iyi uygulamanın çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde yaprağa uygulama ile tohuma uygulamadan elde edildiği, toprağa humik asit uygulamasının K, Ca, Na, Mg ve Cu içeriği değerlerinde azalmaya yol açtığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Effects of Different Application Methods of Sludge- and Food-Derived Composts on the Early Growth Stage and Yield of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

Effects of Different Application Methods of Sludge- and Food-Derived Composts on the Early Growth Stage and Yield of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

Role of Application Method in Responses of Cotton Plants to Micronutrients and Potassium Humate

Afield experiment was carried out in a clayey textured soil (Clayey, Smectitic, Superactive, Mesic, Typic) located at Sakha Agricultural Research Station farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt (30o 56 N latitude and 31o 05 E longitude) to study the effect of different application methods (foliar fertilization and seed coating) with mixture of some micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) and potassium humate on cotton Giza CV 94 during summer seasons of 2015 and 2016. A split plot design was used with three replicates. The main plots were assigned with three application methods: foliar application, seed coating and (foliar + seed coating). The sub plots were assigned with three treatments of Micronutrients, potassium humate and mixture of (micronutrients + potassium humate) in addition to the control treatment. The obtained results can be summarized as follow:- Plant height and number of fruiting branches were increased by (spraying + seed coating) method during the two seasons. Meanwhile the fertilizer treatment of (micronutrients mixture + potassium humate) significantly increased plant height (cm) and number of fruiting branches.plant-1. Foliar spraying + seed coating treatment gave the highest values of number of open bolls, boll weight, seed index and seed cotton yield. fed-1., compared with the other two application methods. Plants sprayed or coated with mixture of (micronutrients + potassuim humate) caused a significant increase in number of bolls.plant-1, boll weight and seed index. Mix of (micronutrients + potassuim humate) produced the highest significant values of seed cotton yield.fed.-1, but untreated plants gave the highest values of earliness in the two season compared with other treatments. The highest values of the fiber fineness were obtained by spraying plants with mixture of (micronutrients + potassium humate). On the other hand, coating seeds with (micronutrients + potassium humate) gave the highest values of fiber strength. Mixture of (micronutrients + potassium humate) increased the concentrations of N, P, K, Mn, Zn and Fe in cotton last mature leaves. Also, the highest values of N, P, K, Mn, Zn and Fe in cotton last mature leaves were obtained when (seeds coating and foliar) was used with mixture of (micronutrients + potassium humate).

Effects of different application methods of food- and sludge-derived compost on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Effects of different application methods of food- and sludge-derived compost on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)