Effect Of Deposition Potential Research Articles

Effect of Deposition Potential on Structure and Magnetic Properties of Electrodeposited FeCoCu Thin Films

Effect of Deposition Potential on Structure and Magnetic Properties of Electrodeposited FeCoCu Thin Films

Electrodeposition of ZnO thin films at low temperature: effects of deposition potential on properties for ZnO/CuO heterojunction solar cells

Electrodeposition of ZnO thin films at low temperature: effects of deposition potential on properties for ZnO/CuO heterojunction solar cells

Effect of deposition potential and KOH concentration on ethanol oxidation reaction with Pd nanoparticles electrodeposited on glassy carbon from reline

Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) are deposited electrochemically on the glassy carbon electrode surface using PdCl2 dissolved in a deep eutectic solvent composed of choline chloride and urea (reline). The morphology and particle size of the PdNPs are determined from SEM exhibiting a homogeneous distribution with potential deposition depending on particle size. The particles display a core-shell morphology, consisting of Pd(0) as the core and Pd(OH)2 as the shell. The ethanol oxidation reaction, EOR, is evaluated at different KOH concentrations. The electrocatalyst with the highest mass activity is achieved at −750 mV potential deposition and 1 M KOH, exhibiting 3126 ± 606 mAmgPd−1. However, when 0.1 M KOH is used the mass activity decreases to one-third the value obtained at 1 M KOH. Notwithstanding, the mass activity displayed by these PdNPs is superior to that reported for other Pd-based nanoparticles synthesized using more complex, time-consuming and costly methods reported in the literature.

Electrodeposition of FeNiCoCrMn high-entropy alloys on copper foam for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction——influence of additives and deposition potential

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been paid attention for their exceptional material properties. FeNiCoCrMn HEAs electrocatalysts were synthesized on copper foam by electrodeposition. The effects of deposition potential and additives on the surface morphology and crystal structure of the catalysts were investigated, and their hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance in 1.0 M KOH solution was studied. The high deposition potential enhanced nucleation, leading to intricate structural formations, while CTAB and citrate additives notably altered the surface texture of the catalysts, affecting HER activity. Notably, Fe0.19Ni0.24Co0.29Cr0.18Mn0.1 electrocatalyst with a low Tafel slope of 84.7 mV dec−1 showed good HER activity, only required the overpotential of 191 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2.

Effect of deposition potential and time substitution for Co(OH)2 on controlled synthesis and electrochemical performance for electrochemical supercapacitor

Effect of deposition potential and time substitution for Co(OH)2 on controlled synthesis and electrochemical performance for electrochemical supercapacitor

Effect of deposition potential and saccharin addition on structural, magnetic and magnetoresistance characteristics of NiCoFeCu films

Abstract NiCoFeCu films were electrodeposited on Ti substrates at different deposition potentials and different concentrations of saccharin added to solution. Compositional analysis showed that although Ni was the highest concentration in solution at low potentials of −1.0 V and −1.5 V, the Ni content was lower than the Co content in the films. Anomalous co-deposition behaviour of iron group metals was observed. When the deposition potential increased to −2.0 V and −2.5 V, the Ni content of films increased while the Co, Fe and Cu content decreased. In the case of saccharin addition to the solution, there is a slight change in the film content. All films have face-centred cubic structure. Structural analysis clearly showed that the potential has a significant effect on the texture degree of the films, since the crystal texture changed from (111) to (220) with increasing potential. The surface morphology of the films was observed to be affected by the deposition potential and saccharin concentration. For the magnetic analysis, saturation magnetisation, M s value gradually decreased from 905 to 715 emu/cm3 with the variation of film content caused by the increase of the potential from −1.0 V to −2.5 V. And, a slight increase in M s was detected with the addition of saccharin. Besides, the longitudinal and transverse magnetoresistance magnitudes increased from ∼2.5 % to 7.0 % with increasing deposition potential and all films exhibit anisotropic magnetoresistance. Films with desired magnetic properties can be obtained for potential use as magnetic materials in electronics such as magnetoresistive devices.

Effect of Deposition Potential on ZnNi Coating Corrosion Behaviour

ZnNi coatings were deposited using the electrochemical deposition method. In this study, the effect of potential electrodeposition on deposited properties, morphology, and size of ZnNi alloy nanoparticles was investigated in detail. The as-synthesized products were characterized by ZnNi coating properties is characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The result indicated that the electrodeposition processes of ZnNi were governed by a nucleation process controlled by diffusion. XRD results showed that the phase structure of both alloy and composite coatings was single ZnNi phase. Potential increase influences the larger crystal size and the surface of coating was compact and uniform, the Rct increase, and greater the icorr so that the possibility of corrosion is higher.

Effect of deposition potential on electrodeposition of Sn-Ag-Cu ternary alloy solderable coating in deep eutectic solvent

Ternary Sn-Ag-Cu solderable alloy coatings were electrodeposited using deep eutectic solvent-based electrolytes, at different deposition potentials. The obtained deposits have been characterized from surface morphology, composition, crystalline grain and phase via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) associated with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To get information on the alloy melting point, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) has been involved.The results showed that the crystalline grain became finer and the coating became denser as the deposition potential increased. In addition, the presence of Cu6Sn5 phase is facilitated by more cathodic deposition potentials while the Ag3Sn phase was evidenced at lower potential values. The value of the melting point of Sn-Ag-Cu alloy (Sn90.9-Ag7.6-Cu1.5) deposited at potentials of −1.2 V was of 215.02 ℃. Based on the results obtained during the analysis of the current–time curves using the Scharifker-Hills' model, it has been found that both single metal and alloy deposition processes correspond to a nucleation and tridimensional growth controlled by diffusion. The deposition processes of Sn and Ag are conducted by an instantaneous mechanism, while in the case of Cu, a progressive one has been determined. The deposition process of Sn-Ag-Cu alloy showed a deviation from the instantaneous nucleation.

Effect of deposition potential on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ni–Cu alloys in ChCl-EG ionic liquids

Effect of deposition potential on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ni–Cu alloys in ChCl-EG ionic liquids

Electrodeposition of Transition Metal Alloy Films for Magnetic Thermometry

As part of an effort to develop methodology for magnetism-based thermometry, the present work seeks to develop materials and structures with temperature-dependent magnetic properties providing optimal sensitivity near room temperature, leveraging previous work which demonstrated compositional control of alloy films by varying the deposition potential. We will discuss deposition and characterization of these films with an emphasis on factors affecting their temperature-dependent magnetic properties, namely the effects of deposition potential and the presence of boric acid. A series of electrodeposited platinum nickel alloy films was characterized by superconducting quantum interference device vibrating sample magnetometry (SQUID VSM), and it was found that films deposited at more reducing potentials (those with higher nickel content) had predominantly ferromagnetic behavior, while films deposited at more positive potentials showed behavior with ferromagnetic and paramagnetic contributions. Depositions at more reducing potentials in the presence of boric acid proceeded with lower Coulombic efficiency and resulted in films with higher oxygen content and diminished magnetization relative to depositions in the absence of boric acid.

Electrochemical behavior and electrodeposition of Fe-Co-Ni thin films in choline chloride/urea deep eutectic solvent

Fe-Co-Ni coating, a vital type of transition metal alloy, shows great potential in the field of hydrogen storage and magnetic materials. In this study, Fe-Co-Ni coatings were prepared on Cu substrates from a deep eutectic solution of choline chloride/2Urea (ChCl/2Urea) DES by electrodeposition. The effects of deposition potential on the morphology, chemical composition, crystal structure, corrosion resistance and magnetic properties of nanostructured Fe-Co-Ni coatings were investigated. The results revealed that the reduction process of Fe-Co-Ni alloy on the Cu electrode in ChCl/2Urea DES was irreversible three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation, which was controlled by diffusion. The surface morphology, microstructure, compose and crystallite size of the Fe-Ni-Co alloy were related to the deposition potential. The Fe content of the electrodeposited alloys showed a maximum of 48.17 at% at the applied potential of −1.3 V and a positive correlation was observed between the Fe content and electrodeposition potential in the investigated potential range. The nickel-rich coatings were obtained at high potential and iron-rich coatings were obtained at low potential. The less roughness, more compact grain and uniform flat Fe-Co-Ni coatings were prepared under a more negative potential. The Fe-Co-Ni coatings were composed of face-centered cube (fcc, NiFe) and body-centered cube crystals (bcc, FeCo). With the negative shift of deposition potential, the structure of Fe-Co-Ni coatings grew preferentially toward FeCo(110) and FeCo(211) crystal surfaces. The Fe-Co-Ni coatings prepared from ChCl/2Urea DES at different deposition potentials showed good corrosion resistance. Fe-Co-Ni coating that is produced at the deposition potential of −1.2 V, exhibited a more positive corrosion potential and obvious magnetic anisotropy.

Manganese – iron coated flexible graphite sheet having wide potential window for energy storage devices

Due to their high-power density, manganese-based electrodes have been studied for energy storage systems. However, they are not stable over high potential windows limiting their use as supercapacitor electrode materials. Manganese was electrodeposited with iron to increase the potential window because manganese-based electrodes are electroactive in the positive region (in Na2SO4 electrolyte) whereas iron-based electrodes are electroactive in the negative region. Graphite was coated potentiostatically with Mn-Fe alloys in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) ionic liquid, Ethaline. The effect of deposition potential on surface morphology, chemical structure, and electrochemical behavior was investigated. XRD, Raman, FTIR, CV and SEM were utilized to characterize bare graphite and alloy deposited graphite. The areal capacitance of the alloy-coated graphite electrode was determined to be 1.66 F cm−2 at 5 mV s−1. The potential window of the alloy-based coating electrodeposited from Ethaline DES was 2.0 V (from −1.0 to +1.0 V). The Mn-Fe-coated graphite electrode material reacts with the neutral electrolyte via a combination of surface-controlled and diffusion-controlled mechanisms. The production of Mn-Fe-coated graphite electrodes from ionic liquid (Ethaline) media allowed for flexible, easy-to-prepare, and cheap electrodes with wide potential windows for supercapacitor applications.

Effects of Deposition Potential and Temperature on Co(II) Reduction and Electrocrystallization for Preparing Nanocrystalline Co Coatings in Ethylene Glycol Solution

Based on cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) experiments, the effects of deposition potential and temperature on Co(II) reduction and electrocrystallization in ethylene glycol (EG) are reported. CV observations show that Co(II) reduction reaction is irreversible, and both the equilibrium potential and nucleation overpotential, η nucleation, move to more positive values as the temperature is improved. The diffusion coefficient of Co(II) is 2.24 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 at 323 K and the activation energy for bulk diffusion (E bd) of Co(II) is 22.03 ± 0.8 kJ mol−1. CA observations show that the Co electrocrystallization mechanism is a 3D nucleation and growth of a new phase under diffusion control. Its mechanism is an instantaneous regime at 323 K at various applied potentials, however, the mechanism changes from a progressive nucleation to an instantaneous nucleation at −1.10 V as the temperature increases. The cobalt nuclei are spherical microstructure, and these innumerable spherical crystal particles can align compactly to form many wirelike crystals bundles. XRD observation confirms the characteristic peak of crystalline Co with a preferred orientation direction and the average size of Co grains is 19 nm. It is also found that the Co coating thickness is affect by the potential and temperature.

Impedance Analysis of Potentiostatic Copper Deposition: Effect of Deposition Potential and Ion Availability

Impedance Analysis of Potentiostatic Copper Deposition: Effect of Deposition Potential and Ion Availability

Electrodeposition of zinc hydroxide on carbon graphite electrode for electrochemical determination of trace copper in water samples using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry

A novel inexpensive and easy electrochemical sensor based on carbon graphite electrode (Gr) modified with zinc hydroxide has been developed for the determination of trace levels of copper using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The influences of experimental SWASV parameters on the sensitivity of the proposed method, such as the effects of deposition potential, accumulation time and frequency were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method showed linear relationship between the currents and the concentrations of Cu(II) in the range between 1.00 × 10−8 mol L−1 and 6.00 × 10−7 mol L−1 and a low detection limit of 9.03 × 10−10 mol L−1. In addition, the developed electrode displayed a good repeatability with relative standard deviations of 0.85% after seven determinations, the interference experiments show that ten ionic species had little influence on the SWASV signals of Cu(II). The method was validated using two different brands of local source water and the results was very satisfactory by showing a recovery values between 103.7 and 108.4%.

The effect of deposition potential on the structure and performance of the Ni-Co multilayer nanocrystalline coating

The effect of different deposition potential for electrochemical additive manufacturing prepared the nano-multilayer Ni-Co alloy coating was investigated. The Ni-Co alloy coatings are FCC structures according to XRD analysis. As the potential becomes negative, the weight ratio of Ni in the plating layer increases, and the thickness of the plating layer also increases. Meanwhile, the more negative potential reduces the crystallite size (between 15 nm and 44 nm) and increases the hardness of the Ni-Co coating. The corrosion tested for 3.5 wt% NaCl showed that the thinner multilayer structure will suffer significant penetration corrosion, and the thicker multilayer structure can slow down the penetration corrosion.

Physicochemical properties of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolinone−ZnCl2 solvated ionic liquid and its application in zinc electrodeposition

Zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) was dissolved in the 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolinone (DMI) solvent, and the metallic zinc coatings were obtained by electrodeposition in room-temperature ambient air. The conductivity ( σ ), viscosity ( η ), and density ( ρ ) of the DMI−ZnCl 2 solvated ionic liquid at various temperatures ( T ) were measured and fitted. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical behavior of Zn(II) in the DMI−ZnCl 2 solvated ionic liquid, indicating that the reduction of Zn(II) on the tungsten electrode was a one-step two-electron transfer irreversible process. XRD and SEM−EDS analysis of the cathode product confirmed that the deposited coating was metallic zinc. Finally, the effects of deposition potential, temperature and duration on the morphology of zinc coatings were investigated. The results showed that a dense and uniform zinc coating was obtained by potentiostatic electro- deposition at −2 V (vs Pt) and 353 K for 1 h.

Effect of deposition potential and copper concentration on the phase transformation mechanism and structural distribution during electrodeposition of Ni-Cu magnetic alloy thin films

Effect of deposition potential and copper concentration on the phase transformation mechanism and structural distribution during electrodeposition of Ni-Cu magnetic alloy thin films

Effect of Deposition Potential on the Mechanism and Corrosion Behavior of Zn-Fe-Co Thin Coatings Electrochemically Deposited on a Steel Substrate

Effect of Deposition Potential on the Mechanism and Corrosion Behavior of Zn-Fe-Co Thin Coatings Electrochemically Deposited on a Steel Substrate

Electrochemically growth and characterization of CuInTe2 chalcopyrite thin films

Copper indium tellurite (CIT) chalcopyrite compounds were electrochemically grown from an aqueous electrolyte including water-soluble Cu, In, and Te molecular sources onto indium thin oxide-coated glass substrates. CuSO4·5H2O, InCl3, and Na2TeO3 were used as copper, indium, and tellurium sources, respectively. Deposition mechanisms of the CIT thin films are explained by cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies. It is also noted that the effect of deposition potential on the electrical, optical, and structural facilities of the electrodeposited CIT thin films. Energy bandgap of the electrodeposited CIT films is in the range of 0.97–1.83 eV. Stoichiometry of the CIT films deposited at − 0.5, − 0.6, − 0.7, and − 0.8 V is near to CuInTe2. We report that the produced CIT films is polycrystalline nature, and CuInTe2 is a major chalcopyrite phase corresponding to (1 1 2), (2 0 4), and (1 1 6) directions at 2θ ~ 25°, 41°, and 49°, respectively. Hall-effect measurements show that the produced CIT thin films have p-type semiconducting conductivity with the acceptor concentration range of 2.8 × 1017 and 2.8 × 1018 cm−3. The variation of the mobility within 20.4–60.2 cm2/V s can be explained by the variation of Cu/In ratio within 2.19–0.59. The resistivity of the films is found to vary within 0.011–0.036 Ω cm, which is in good agreement with the literature data.