Effect Of Corn Oil Research Articles

432 Evaluation of the Effect of Corn Oil on Methane Production in Finishing Cattle.

432 Evaluation of the Effect of Corn Oil on Methane Production in Finishing Cattle.

유상 속 옥수수유가 자발적 유화방법에 의한 수중유적형 나노에멀션 형성에 미치는 영향

유상 속 옥수수유가 자발적 유화방법에 의한 수중유적형 나노에멀션 형성에 미치는 영향

Effect of corn oil on physical, thermal, and antifungal properties of gelatin-based nanocomposite films containing nano chitin

Effects of corn oil on physical and antifungal properties of gelatin nanocomposite films containing chitin nano fibers (N-chitin) were investigated in this study. Different concentrations of corn oil (0.10, 0.20, and 0.30; g/g of dry gelatin) and (0.05 g/g of dry gelatin) N-chitin were used to prepare an emulsion nanocomposite gelatin film. Subsequently, characteristics of films were assessed by analyzing moisture content, solubility, hydrophobicity of the surface, water vapor permeability (WVP), as well as mechanical, thermal, and antifungal properties. The results obtained showed that films containing N-chitin had better mechanical properties than net gelatin film. In addition, N-chitin decreased film tendency to water absorption. However, because both gelatin and N-chitin have hydrophilic nature, nanocomposite films were still wettable. In this sense, incorporation of oil into film formulation improved barrier properties more than nanoparticles alone. In spite of the fact that gelatin films containing just N-chitin had antifungal properties, emulsion nanocomposite films did not show any antimicrobial activity. In addition, improving effect of oil on film properties was observed for concentrations up to 0.20 g/g, because films containing 0.30 g/g oil possessed weaker mechanical and thermal stability. Therefore, around 0.20 g/g of oil in gelatin nanocomposite films can lead to create biodegradable polymers with more acceptable properties for food packaging.

Effect of corn oil on the digestibility and economic viability of broiler chicken feed, and on the bromatological composition of breast meat

<p>Objetivou-se avaliar a digestibilidade, eficiência econômica e composição do músculo do peito de frangos de corte alimentados com ração contendo óleo de milho como alternativa de substituição ao óleo de soja. Foi avaliado a digestibilidade da ração, da proteína bruta (PB), do extrato etéreo (EE); energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn); em dois períodos (17-21 e 31-35 dias). A análise da composição do músculo do peito, o custo da ração (Yi), índice de eficiência econômica (IEE) e índice de custo (IC) para peso vivo do animal e da carcaça entre as fontes lipídicas foi realizada no final da criação. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 com dois ingredientes (óleo soja e óleo milho) e em dois períodos (17-21 e 31-35 dias). A digestibilidade foi realizada com quatro repetições por tratamento com duas aves por unidade experimental e para a composição do musculo do peito foi feito seis repetições por tratamento. Houve interação dieta e idade para a digestibilidade da PB (P < 0,05), que foi maior (P < 0,05) aos 17-21 dias utilizando o óleo de soja. A digestibilidade da ração foi maior (P < 0,05) aos 31- 35 dias em comparação aos 17-21 dias de idade. A digestibilidade do EE não foi alterada (P > 0,05) pelos tratamentos e pelas idades. A utilização do óleo de milho resultou em maior (P < 0,05) EMA aos 17-21 dias de idade, EMA e EMAn aos 31-35 dias de idade, enquanto não houve diferença (P > 0,05) para EMAn aos 17-21 dias. Na composição de peito, não foram encontradas diferenças (P > 0,05) em deposição de EE. Para o nível de PB e matéria seca (MS) o óleo de milho apresentou melhores valores enquanto que para umidade de peito o óleo de soja resultou em maiores teores de umidade se comparado ao óleo de milho (P < 0,05). O resultado de viabilidade econômica beneficiou o óleo de soja. Concluiuse que o óleo de milho pode substituir o óleo de soja em dietas formuladas com o sorgo, pois apresenta maior energia metabolizável aparente da ração e melhor composição de peito.</p>

Effect of Corn Oil on the Quality Characteristics of Mayonnaise

Effect of Corn Oil on the Quality Characteristics of Mayonnaise

Effect of corn oil, flaxseed oil and black seed oil on lead acetate-induced hepatic tissue damage: A histological study

Lead is considered as one of the major environmental pollutants that continued to pose health hazards in animal and man in many parts of the world. The current study aimed to investigate the histological effects of corn oil, flaxseed oil and black seed oil against lead acetate-induced hepatic tissue damage in mice. Animals were divided into five groups. The first group served as a control group. The second group was inoculated with 20 mg/kg lead acetate. The third, fourth and fifth groups were inoculated with lead acetate then, treated with 1000 mg/kg of corn oil, flaxseed oil and black seed oil, respectively. At day 5 post-treatment, the liver sections were prepared for the histological study. Lead acetate induced severe hepatic tissue damage mainly in the form of inflammatory cellular infiltration, hepatocytic vacuolation and sinusoidal dilatation. Mice treated with corn oil for 5 days still have histopathological lesions. Both flaxseed oil and black seed oil could reduce the lead acetate-induced hepatic tissue damage. Key words: Lead acetate, corn oil, flaxseed oil, black seed oil, liver.

The effects of different plant oils on some emulsion properties of beef, chicken and turkey meats

SummaryThe effects of different plant oils (soybean, hazelnut, canola, sunflower, corn, cotton and olive) on emulsion capacity (EC), emulsion stability (ES), emulsion density (ED) and apparent yield stress values of emulsion (raw emulsion; AYSe) and emulsion gel (cooked emulsion; AYSg) of beef, chicken and turkey meats were studied by using a model system. Olive oil increased EC, AYSe and AYSg values and corn oil increased ES values significantly (P < 0.01). Moreover, olive oil decreased ED values significantly (P < 0.01). The effects of chicken meat on EC, turkey meat on ES and beef on AYSe were found to be significant (P < 0.01). The plant oils increased EC values of chicken meat significantly (P < 0.01). Olive oil had higher effect on EC values of chicken, beef and turkey meat. It was found to be 140.7, 132.5 and 128.9 mL (450 mg)−1 protein, respectively. However, olive oil had higher effect on AYSg values of turkey, chicken and beef. It was found to be 492.9, 492.3 and 487.7 Nm−2, respectively. In addition, olive oil decreased ED values of beef significantly (P < 0.01). The effect of corn oil on ES values of beef was found to be higher (P < 0.05) as 75.77%.

Effect of Dietary Corn Oil Supplementation on Equine Gastric Fluid Acid, Sodium, and Prostaglandin E2Content before and during Pentagastrin Infusion

The effect of corn oil (approximately 60% [wt/vol] linoleic acid) dietary supplementation on various components of equine gastric secretion was studied by use of a repeated‐measures experimental design. Four healthy adult ponies were surgically fitted with gastric cannulas. The ponies were then fed a free‐choice hay diet for 5 weeks, which was followed by 5 weeks of the same diet supplemented with 45 mL of corn oil daily. Gastric contents were analyzed under basal and pentagastrin‐stimulated conditions once weekly during the latter 2 weeks on each diet. Gastric contents were collected at 30‐minute intervals, and volume, hydrogen ion concentration, sodium content, and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) content were measured. Data were analyzed by a linear fixed‐effect modeling procedure. During the diet supplemented with corn oil, the ponies had, under basal and pentagastrin‐stimulated conditions, significantly decreased acid output and significantly increased PGE2and sodium outputs compared to those measured before corn oil supplementation. We conclude that corn oil supplementation may be an effective and inexpensive way to increase the protective properties of equine glandular gastric mucosa. This could be particularly helpful in reducing the chances of ulceration associated with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration.

Effect of corn oil and vitamin E on the oxidative status of adipose tissues and liver in rat

The diet is usually formed of a varying antioxidant and fatty acid content acquired from oils. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of corn oil-rich diet supplemented or not with vitamin E on oxidative damage and antioxidant status in liver and adipose tissue of rat. Male Wistar rats were fed during 4 weeks with a hyperlipidic diet. The groups fed with hyperlipidic diets showed lower activity levels than the control groups with the exception of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in brown adipose tissue. Supplementation of the control group with vitamin E (CE) did not produce any significant changes in the superoxide dismutase and catalase levels, but glutathione peroxidase activity increased slightly for groups supplemented with vitamin E. The hyperlipidic group supplemented with vitamin E (HE) showed a significant decrease of SOD and catalase activities in adipose tissues. Reduced glutathione levels decreased in liver from animals fed with higher quantities of corn oil. Vitamin E supplementation showed a decrease in GSH levels only for the control group (CE). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels were lower in the animals fed larger quantities of corn oil. Supplementation of vitamin E results in lower TBARS values.

Effect of corn oil and amylose on the thermal properties of native soy protein and commercial soy protein isolate

Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) was used to estimate thermal property differences between a commercial soy protein isolate (SPI) and milled defatted soy protein flour (MDF). The measurements were determined in the presence of 15, 20, 25, and 30% corn oil and 2, 4, and 6% amylose. SDS-PAGE showed that the SPI material contains aggregates as a result of the isolation procedures and processing. Upon DSC, this protein isolate showed a 7S protein transition peak at 77 °C and an 11S peak at 170 °C, while the MDF sample had a 7S peak at 69 °C and 11S peak at 177 °C. The MDF sample showed ΔH values 4 times greater than that of the SPI sample. These values reflect the effect of the isolation process on the protein. In the presence of corn oil, the MDF sample showed three transition peaks while the SPI sample displayed only two. The MDF sample demonstrated more interaction with oil than did the SPI sample. The change in the ΔH was reflective of this interaction. The addition of amylose to the SPI sample resulted in the appearance of a third peak. Amylose had a mixed effect on the two proteins; peaks of the same protein reacted differently to amylose level. Increasing the amylose level had the most influence on the third peak of the MDF sample. Amylose influence on the two proteins was attributed to a reduction of the amount of free oil in the system.

Effect of Corn Oil on Liver Glycogen Content and Blood Glucose-6-phosphatase Dehydrogenase in Toads Treated with DMBA

Effect of Corn Oil on Liver Glycogen Content and Blood Glucose-6-phosphatase Dehydrogenase in Toads Treated with DMBA

Effect of Corn Oil on Thin Stillage Evaporators

ABSTRACTRemoval of the germ at the front end of the dry‐grind ethanol process using the Quick Germ process reduces the amount of oil in thin stillage. Thin stillage with 4–6% solids is dewatered to 25–30% solids by evaporation. Thin stillage evaporators in a dry‐grind ethanol plant foul and have to be periodically taken down for maintenance and cleaning. Fouling caused by thin stillage containing different amounts of oil was studied using an annular fouling probe. It was determined that the rate of fouling in a drygrind ethanol plant is three times higher when compared with that in a wet‐milling ethanol plant. The addition of oil to wet‐milled thin stillage significantly affected the rate of fouling. Fouling resistance increased with an increase in oil concentration for wet‐milled thin stillage up to a concentration of 1.41%. At a concentration of 1.47%, the rate of fouling decreased. As the concentration of oil increased in dry‐grind ethanol thin stillage, the rate of fouling decreased. These results suggest that the Quick Germ process will reduce the rate of heat transfer equipment fouling in a drygrind ethanol plant, which will decease capital costs and maintenance costs.

The relationship between altered membrane composition, eicosanoids and TNF-induced IL1 and IL6 production in macrophages of rats fed fats of different unsaturated fatty acid composition.

The study investigated the changes in individual molecular species in PE and the effects of a variety of dietary fats with varying proportions of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on membrane composition, eicosanoid production and cytokine production in thioglycollate-elicited rat macrophages. The data obtained indicates that the greatest degree of modulation by dietary fats on cytokine production was observed after 8 weeks feeding and at this time, the total diacyl species containing linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) at the sn-2 position related in a curvilinear fashion to total 18:2 n-6 intake and that IL1 and IL6 production related in a curvilinear fashion to the total diacyl species with 20:4 and 18:2 at the sn-2 position. After 4 weeks of feeding, fish and olive oils enhanced production of IL6 and LTB4, however, while IL1 production, after 8 weeks of dietary treatment, was greatest from macrophages of animals fed corn and olive oils, PGE2 production was greatest in the former group and LTB4 production in the latter. Thus an eicosanoid effect may explain the modulatory influence of olive oil and IL1 production but, cannot explain the effect of corn oil on production of the cytokine. The data from the present study provides some insight into how dietary fats could provide therapy for conditions in which inflammatory cytokines are implicated.

Interaction between orosensory and postingestional stimulation in the control of corn oil intake by rats

The microstructure of the ingestive behavior of rats ingesting corn oil emulsions was analyzed to describe quantitatively how postingestional stimulation interacts with orosensory stimulation to control the intake of corn oil. Seventeen hour food deprived rats were given 30-min access intake tests with corn oil emulsions ranging in concentration from 0.125% to 64%. The volume ingested showed an inverted U shaped function over this concentration range. The Weibull function fitted to the rate of licking function showed that the initial rate of licking was an increasing linear function of the log of the concentration of corn oil. The slope of the licking rate function was an increasing curvilinear function of the log of corn oil concentration. Together these results indicate that the negative feedback effect of corn oil in the gastrointestinal tract increases more rapidly at the higher concentrations of corn oil than does its orosensory stimulating effect resulting in a decrease in the volume ingested. Unlike carbohydrates, where the increase in the initial rate of licking is a result of an increase in the size of the clusters, the increase with concentration in the initial rate of ingesting corn oil was caused by an increase in the number of clusters rather than their size. This study provides a quantitative analysis of the interaction between orosensory and postingestional stimulation, two variables that play an important role in the control of ingestion of corn oil.

Acute Intramuscular Injection of Oils or the Oleic Acid Component Protects Mice against Paraquat Lethality

AbstractAlthough selenium or vitamin E deficiencies or changing from cereal-based to purified diets augments paraquat toxicity, the action of other dietary components in normal animals fed nutritionally adequate diets is not clear. Upon injection of mice with anti-inflammatory agents, a protective action of the corn oil vehicle against paraquat lethalities was noted. This preventive action of a large parenteral administration of unknown components in oils served as the basis for this study. Intramuscular injection of various vegetable oils protected similarly, indicating that in mixtures, the degree of lipid saturation did not seem to be an important factor. Injection of the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid decreased oral paraquat lethalities in mice, but linoleic, gamma-linoleic or linolenic acids were not protective in either male or female mice. Measurement of paraquat concentrations in various tissues at various times after administration indicated no effect of corn oil on paraquat distribution. Although the exact mechanism of the complex nature of oil protection against paraquat toxicity in mice is still unknown, this study provides evidence for in vivo oxidant protection by a monounsaturated fatty acid.

Antiatherogenic action of corn oil in experimental atherosclerosis

Therapeutic effect of corn oil was studied in rabbits with alimentary atherosclerosis. Corn oil was administered (2 ml/kg, 30 days) after the completion of cholesterol diet unlike studies, where they were administered simultaneously. Total cholesterol, apoB-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides decreased more intensively in rabbits fed by corn oil than in control group. No changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed. The most pronounced effect was noted in aorta morphological analysis: an aorta damage degree was 4.8% as compared with 52.9% in the control group. The results show that available plant oils with omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in particular corn oil, may as well as omega-3 PUFA be used as the base for antiatherogenic preparations.

Effect of Corn Oil and Casein on the Antimicrobial Activity of Phenolic Antioxidants

ABSTRACTSeveral inhibitory concentrations of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) were tested against five microorganisms in the presence of 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% (v/v) of a lipid, corn oil, or 0, 3, 6 and 9% (w/v) of a protein, casein. In all cases, casein depressed, but did not abolish, the antimicrobial activity of BHA. However, corn oil virtually eliminated the antimicrobial properties of lethal doses of BHA. In contrast, TBHQ was affected much less by the food components than BHA, retaining considerable antimicrobial activity in most cases except with Staphylococcus aureus.

Dietary lipid and the absorption of Mg and Ca: Effect of corn oil infused via the rumen on the absorption of Mg and Ca in sheep fed white clover

Abstract In sheer fed white clover, increasing the intake of long chain fatty acids by mfusing 52 ml corn oil per day into the rumen significantly increased the faecal excretion of fatty acid soaps, but had no effect on the apparent absorption or plasma concentrations of Mg and Ca. Most of the lipid was absorbed from the small intestine, and the large intestine was the major site of Mg and Ca soap formation. It was concluded that the formation of Mg and Ca soaps was unlikely to influence greatly the absorption of Mg and Ca.

Influence of medium‐chain triglycerides on lipid metabolism in the chick

The effect of corn oil, coconut oil, and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT, a glyceride mixture consisting almost exclusively of fatty acids of 8 and 10 carbons in length) ingestion on lipid metabolism was studied in chicks. In chicks fed cholesterol-free diets, MCT ingestion elevated plasma total lipids and cholesterol and depressed liver total lipids and cholesterol when compared to chicks receiving the corn oil diet. As a consequence of the opposite effects of MCT ingestion on plasma and liver cholesterol and total lipids, the plasma-liver cholesterol pool was not altered. When cholesterol was included in the diets, dietary MCT depressed liver and plasma total lipids and cholesterol as compared with corn oil, consequently also lowered the plasmaliver cholesterol pool.The in vitro cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis from acetate-1-(14)C was higher in liver slices from chicks fed MCT than in those from chicks fed corn oil. The percentage of radioactivity from acetate-1-(14)C incorporated into the carboxyl carbon of fatty acids by liver slices was not altered by MCT feeding, indicating that the increased acetate incorporation represented de novo fatty acid synthesis. The conversion of palmitate-1-(14)C to C(18) acids was increased in liver of chicks fed MCT, implying that fatty acid chain elongating activity was also increased. Studies on the conversion of stearate-2-(14)C to mono- and di-unsaturated C(18) acids showed that hepatic fatty acid desaturation activity was enhanced by MCT feeding. Data are presented on the plasma and liver fatty acid composition of chicks fed MCT-, corn oil-, or coconut oil-supplemented diets.

Specificity of carbamate-induced esterase inhibition in mice

Summary The in vivo liver and brain esterase-inhibiting properties of several aromatic N -methyl- and heterocyclic N,N -dimethylcarbamic acid esters were examined. Differences resulted with these two classes of carbamates with respect to the specificity, persistence, and recovery of esterase activity. The aromatic N -methyl and heterocyclic N,N -dimethyl carbamates tested reflected similar responses with respect to a complete recovery within 24 hours of liver esterase inhibition, lack of inhibition of brain esterase activity at the times examined, and substantial inhibition of liver esterases hydrolyzing the aliphatic esters examined. An effect of corn oil, used as the diluent, on liver was evident by a significant reduction of esterase activity 24 hours after treatment. Corn oil is believed to affect liver esterases in a manner differing from that shown by the carbamates. No conclusions can be drawn with respect to the site of liver disruption by administration of corn oil.