Effect Of Core Stability Exercises Research Articles

Effect of Core Stability Exercise and Treadmill Training on Balance in a patient with Cerebellar Ataxic Cerebral palsy- A Case Report

Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as a set of developmental illnesses that affect posture and mobility, causing activity restriction owing to abnormalities that are not progressive in the developing brain of the fetus or neonate. Children with cerebellar ataxic CP often exhibit undeveloped or malformed cerebellar structures, resulting in challenges for the cerebellum to integrate the neural input required to control movement and balance smoothly. Patients with cerebellar ataxic cerebral palsy have difficulty in maintaining balance and trunk control which leads to difficulty in performing their activities of daily living and result in dependency. Thus, reporting cases like these is crucial to evaluate the impact of core stabilization intervention and treadmill walking on balance in a child having cerebellar ataxic cerebral palsy. A 7-year-old female child born at full term delivered via normal vaginal delivery with a birth weight of 2700 gm had no difficulties during antenatal, natal or postnatal phases. At the age of 6 years, mother noticed that the child had difficulty in standing and walking independently, she had difficulty in performing her activities of daily living independently. The patient underwent an 8-week intervention consisting of core stabilization exercise protocol and treadmill walking along with traditional physiotherapy intervention. The outcome measures included Pediatric Balance Scale for static balance and MFT for dynamic balance. The patient showed significant improvement in both static as well as dynamic balance following the intervention. Thus, combined impact of core stabilization exercise protocol and treadmill walking can bring early effective changes on balance in a patient with cerebellar ataxic cerebral palsy.

Comparative Impact of Core Stabilization vs Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises on Muscle Activation, Endurance, and Balance in Obese Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of core stabilization exercise (CSE) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise on core muscle activation, core muscle endurance, proprioception, and balance in 80 obese children. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this single-blind, randomized controlled study, 80 obese children aged 10-13 years were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group received CSE (n=27) and the second group received PNF exercises (n=27) 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The third group, which was the control group (n=26), received no treatment. Participants were evaluated before treatment (BT) and after treatment (AT) and at follow-up (3 months after treatment). Core muscle activation level was evaluated by Sahrmann Core Stability test (SCST), lumbar core muscle endurance was evaluated by McGill core endurance tests, and lumbar joint position sense (JPS) was evaluated by laser cursor. The single-leg standing balance test (SLSBT) and Y balance test (YBT) were used for static and dynamic balance, respectively. RESULTS AT and at follow-up, core activation, core endurance, JPS, and static balance were significantly different between the groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in YBT dominant and non-dominant side mixed reach distances (P>0.05). Clinical effect sizes were higher in the CSE group for all outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS CSE and PNF exercises improve the level of core muscle activation, lumbar core muscle endurance, lumbar JPS, and balance in obese children. However, the results of this study show that CSE are more clinically effective in obese children. The effects decline in the medium term.

The effect of core stabilization exercises on balance and functional performance in individuals with functional ankle instability: An open-label randomized controlled trial

Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of core stabilization exercises on balance and functional performance in functional ankle instability (FAI). Methods: An open-label randomized control pilot study was conducted with 30 FAI participants allocated to two groups. Inclusion criteria were the presence of frequent ankle sprains, sense of give-away of the ankle, and identification of FAI score &gt;11. The experimental group (n = 15) received core stabilization exercises along with conventional exercises, whereas the control group (n = 15) received only conventional exercises. The intervention period was six weeks. The outcome measures for static balance, dynamic balance, and functional performance were the single-leg stance test, modified star excursion balance test (mSEBT), and side hop test, respectively. The assessment was done at baseline and six weeks post-intervention. Results: Within-group analysis showed improvement in the single-leg stance test and all direction reach distances of mSEBT in both groups using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Meanwhile, the side hop test revealed no difference between the two groups. A significant improvement was seen in mSEBT and single-leg stance scores (P ≤ 0.05) between the groups using the Mann–Whitney U-test. However, the side hop test showed no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The present study concludes that core stabilization exercises improved balance compared to mobility and strengthening exercises. Hence, it is highly recommended that core stability training be implemented as a holistic approach to managing FAI.

The Impact of Core Stability Exercises on Weight Loss and Body Composition among Obese Patients

Background: While the advantages of core stability exercises for overall fitness and injury prevention are well-established, further research is needed to understand their impact on weight reduction and body composition in the obese population. Hence, the present study aims to determine the effects of core stability exercises on weight loss, BMI and body composition measures among obese individuals. Methods: This pre-post intervention design involved adults aged 18-40 years with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² engaged in a supervised core stability exercise program for 12 weeks. The exercise sessions occurred thrice weekly, each lasting approximately 40 minutes. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, a pre-post comparison was performed which revealed a significant mean difference (p&lt;0.05) in all the outcome measures. The value of BMI was reduced to 27.53±2.56, weight to 75.25±3.34, BF% to 30.14±1.56 and WHR to 0.85±0.56. Conclusion: The study found that 12-week core stability exercises significantly decreased weight, BMI, BF%, and WHR in an obese group. The planned and focused nature of the exercises resulted in improved body composition and weight loss. Thus, these exercises in regular fitness routines can be an effective strategy for reducing obesity and enhancing overall health. Keywords: Body Fat, Body Mass Index, Exercises, Obesity.

The efficacy of core stability exercises versus conventional physiotherapy in lower back pain

Context: Practice guidelines recommend various types of general exercise and core stability exercises with electrotherapeutic modalities for chronic back pain but it remains the primary cause of absenteeism and disability. Chronic low back pain causes activity limitation in persons younger than 45 years. Core stability exercise is becoming increasingly popular for low back pain. Aims: To find out the effectiveness of core stability exercises on Pain and Disability in patients with chronic low back pain Settings and Design: A comparative study was done in the Physiotherapy OPD of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College &amp; Hospital Jaipur. Methods and Material: 40 subjects suffering from low back pain as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. The subjects were divided into two Group A (core stability) and Group B (General exercises). Before the treatment session, the pain and disability of the patients in each group were assessed with the help of the VAS scale and ODI scale respectively. After 15 days they were again assessed and the improvement levels were calculated. Statistical analysis used: Paired t-test was used to analyze significant changes between pre-test &amp; post-test measurements. Results: Statistical analysis made with the quantitative data revealed a statistically significant difference between the Core stability group &amp; General exercises group on pain &amp; disability level. Group A (core stability) improved in VAS and ODI compared to Group B (General exercises) with P values of 0.018 and 0.021 respectively. Conclusions: The findings reveal that core stability exercises are more effective than General exercises in chronic low back pain patients.

Core Stability Exercise on Low Back Ache, Back Endurance and Health Related Quality of Life in Primary Dysmenorrhea-A Single Group Experimental Study

Objective: To analyze the effect of core stabilization exercises on LBA, back endurance, and HRQoL in primary dysmenorrhea. Method: 58 subjects were included in a single group experimental study based on selection criteria from gynecology hospitals and clinics in Bangalore. Subjects underwent 8 weeks of core stability exercise in a 45 min session. The data was analyzed using a paired t test, descriptive analysis, and frequency distribution. Findings: A significant difference was seen in the pre- post test score for low back ache following 4 weeks. A similar reduction in LBA was seen following 8 weeks of treatment, with a p value= .001. A significant improvement was also noted in trunk endurance and HrQoL, with a p value = 0.001. Novelty: This study is one of its kind wherein the effect of core stability exercise focusing on improvement in back endurance and thereby impacting low back ache and health related quality of life in primary dysmenorrhea is studied in a relatively larger group. Conclusion: Core stability exercises improved back endurance and reduced low back ache, as well as improved the HRQoL in primary dysmenorrhea. Keywords: painful period, low back ache, back endurance, health-related quality of life, core stability exercise

Structured different exercise protocols improve lung function, respiratory muscle strength, and thickness in stroke patients. A randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background The effect of core stabilization exercises (CSE) alone, or in combination with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and Kinesio taping (KT) on lung function, respiratory muscle strength, and thickness in patients with stroke is not fully known. Objective To compare the efficacy of NMES and KT applied with CSE on lung functions, respiratory muscle strength, and thickness in patients with stroke. Methods A total of 45 stroke patients were randomly assigned to the core stabilization exercises (CSE) group, CSE+KT group or CSE+NMES group, respectively. All groups received the training protocol for 30–45 minutes, 3 days a week, for 6 weeks. Lung functions were measured using portable spirometry. Respiratory muscle strength was assessed using an analog manometer to measure maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP). Peak cough flow (PCF) was measured with a peak flow meter. Respiratory muscles thickness were determined using ultrasonography. Results Except for FVC (%pred) (F=4.432, p=0.018, np2=0.174), FEV1(%pred) (F=3.725, p=0.032, np2=0.151), and MEP (F=3.861, p=0.029, np2=0.155), the overall group by time interaction for rmANOVA showed that there was no statistically significant difference between groups (p>0.05). After post hoc analysis, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of FVC (%pred), FEV1(%pred) and MEP (p>0.025). Conclusions The addition of NMES or KT to core stabilization exercises did not appear to provide additional benefit in improving lung function, respiratory muscle strength, and thickness in stroke patients.

EFFECTIVENESS OF CORE STABILITY EXERCISES TO IMPROVE THE BALANCE AMONG ELDERLY PEOPLE - A NARRATIVE REVIEW

In this study the literature review focus on the available evidence for physiotherapy intervention to improve the balance among elderly people. Research involved a computerized data base pertaining to studies that include the physiotherapy among elderly people seven articles that showed outcome relative to improve balance, physiotherapy intervention to improve the balance among elderly patient, in among elderly people are at an impaired balance especially when walking, due to age related changes reduce in sensory perception, muscle strength coordination vestibular system and proprioception. In this literature review explained physiotherapy intervention core stability exercises improve balance among elderly people, affect balance leads to difficult of walking and difficult functional activity minimal literatures on improve balance there is scarcity of study which intervention among core stability exercises and Cawthorne Cooksey exercises. AIM – The Study Aimed to Find the Effectiveness of Core Stability Exercises to Improve the Balance Among Elderly People KEY WORDS: Balance, Elderly People, Intervention, Sensory Perception, Proprioception.

Effect of core stability exercises on knee proprioception, function and quality of life in chronic total knee replacement patients

Background: Chronic osteoarthritis of knee joint leads to severe pain after weight bearing and prolonged activities .TKR is widely used as a successful and effective last-stage surgical treatment for relieving chronic knee pain and functional disability. This research aimed to study the effect of core stability exercises on knee proprioception, function and quality of life in chronic total knee replacement patients. Methods: Total 40 patients with chronic total knee replacement with age between 45-65 years were included. They were divided into two groups: Group-A (n=20) and Group-B (n=20). Both group received conventional treatment, in addition Group-B received core stability exercise. Patients were evaluated pre-intervention (0 week) and post-intervention (4 week) for proprioception (by universal goniometer), for function (LEFS) and for quality of life (SF-12). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 version. Significance level was set at p&lt;0.05. Results: Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied for within group comparison. There was statistically significant difference in mean of proprioception, function and SF-12 PCS in both groups during four week intervention period. Mann Whitney U test was applied for between group comparison. Significant difference was found between Group-A and Group-B in mean difference of proprioception, function. Conclusions: The concluded that the core stability exercise along with conventional treatment is more effective for improving knee proprioception, function and quality of life than alone conventional treatment in chronic total knee replacement patients.

Comparison of the effects of core stability and whole-body electromyostimulation exercises on lumbar lordosis angle and dynamic balance of sedentary people with hyperlordosis: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundHyperlordosis is an excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine that affects spinal function. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of core stability exercises (CSE), Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), and CSE Plus on the Lumbar lordosis angle and dynamic balance in sedentary people with hyperlordosis.MethodsIn a parallel randomized controlled trial study, seventy five untrained male adults with hyperlordosis, recruited from clinics of sports medicine and corrective exercise centers in Tehran, were randomly assigned to four groups: CSE (n = 19), WB-EMS (n = 18), CSE Plus (n = 18), and control Group (CG) (n = 20). The CSE group performed Core stability exercises, the WB-EMS group followed a Whole-body electromyostimulation combined training protocol, and the CSE Plus group engaged in a combined program protocol (CSE with the WB-EMS vest), and the control group only participated in activities of daily living. Anthropometric parameters and outcomes, including the lordosis angle and dynamic balance, were assessed before and after a six-week training program. A flexible ruler was used to measure the angle of lordosis, and the Y balance test was employed to evaluate the dynamic balance.ResultsThe results indicated that the lordosis angle improved in both the CSE and CSE Plus groups compared to the CG in the post-test (P = 0.017, P = 0.024). However, there were no significant differences observed between the other group pairs. Additionally, a significant difference in dynamic balance was found between the CSE Plus group and the CG in the post-test (P = 0.001), while no significant differences were observed between the other group pairs. Furthermore, within-group test results demonstrated that lumbar lordosis angle and dynamic balance variables significantly improved in the post-test compared to the pre-test stage (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe two CSE and CSE Plus training protocols are effective as training methods for correcting certain parameters and physical deformities, including lumbar lordosis. Furthermore, the CSE Plus group demonstrated a positive impact on improving dynamic balance. Consequently, it is highly recommended that individuals with hyperlordosis can benefit from the exercises of the present study, especially CSE Plus exercises along with other rehabilitation exercises.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20221004011, registration date: 04/10/2022).

Effects of Mat-based Pilates Versus Effects of Core Stability Exercises on Balance in Stroke Patients

According to WHO, stroke is defined as an accident to the brain with rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global disturbance to cerebral function with symptoms lasting 24 hours or longer, or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. It has been noted that diminished motor skills and balance following a stroke can restrict daily activities such as walking and increase the risk of secondary injuries like falls. Pilates is a gentle exercise that helps strengthen the muscles and focuses heavily on building strong core muscles. Core stability exercises are movements or activities designed to strengthen the muscles surrounding the spine, pelvis, and abdomen, helping to improve posture, balance, and overall stability.

Effects of core stabilization exercises in patients with non-specific low back pain: Huber Motion Lab versus conventional

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effects of core stabilization exercises with Huber® Motion Lab on pain, depression, and activity levels in patients with non-specific low back pain (LBP). Materials and methods: In this study, 30 patients with non-specific LBP were allocated either to an experimental or to a control group. Both groups received a conventional physiotherapy program for 15 sessions. In addition, the control group performed 30 minutes of core stabilization exercises on the floor, whereas the experimental group used the Huber® Motion Lab device. The main outcome measures were pain severity (Visual Analogue Scale VAS), depression (Beck Depression Inventory BDI), and disability level (Oswestry Disability Index ODI) that were performed on the first and the last day of the program. Results: At the end of the program, all outcome measures improved significantly in both groups (p &lt; 0.001). Between-group comparison of mean change score revealed significantly greater improvements regarding VAS (7.40vs4.23), BDI (29.52vs13.81), and ODI score (51.78vs25.29) for the experimental group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: For patients in this study with non-specific LBP, both with and without Huber® Motion Lab, core stabilization exercises in addition to a physiotherapy program were beneficial in terms of pain severity, depression, and disability level in favor of Huber® Motion Lab.

Effects of Core Stability Exercise on Functional Performance among Adults with Low Back Pain

The influence of Core Stability Exercise (CSE) on functional performance in adults with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) is a debated topic. This study aimed to explore CSE effects on functional performance in this demographic. English-language studies until October 2023 were systematically gathered from Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, with PEDro scoring and adherence to PRISMA guidelines. Notably, CSE showed superiority over passive therapy in enhancing proprioception, as supported by one study. In conclusion, while CSE demonstrates proficiency in improving proprioception, its effects on aspects like pain, balance, motor control, functionality, metabolic capacity, and postural sway in CLBP vary.

Effect of Core Stability Exercises on Pain in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain

Effect of Core Stability Exercises on Pain in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain

Effect of core stabilization versus rebound therapy on balance in children with cerebral palsy

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the effect of core stabilization exercises and rebound therapy on balance in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsFifty- two children of spastic hemiplegic CP aged 5 up to 8 years from both genders were assigned randomly into two groups: core stability and rebound therapy groups. Both groups received 3 sessions/week, 1.5-h training per session, for 12 successive weeks. The measurement was performed at baseline and post-treatment. Balance as a primary outcome for this study was measured by a Biodex Balance System (BBS), and knee extensor strength and functional capacity as secondary outcomes were assessed using a hand-held dynamometer, and a six-minute walk test (6MWT), respectively.ResultsAll variables showed a significant improvement after intervention in each group (p < 0.0001), with significant improvement in all stability indices (overall, anteroposterior, and mediolateral) in core stability group when compared to rebound therapy group.ConclusionCore stability exercises and rebound therapy are recommended in the rehabilitation of children with hemiplegic CP. Core stability exercises were more effective than rebound therapy for balance improvement.Trial registration numberNCT05739396.

Effect of Core Stability Exercises on Shoulder Pain, Muscle Strength, and Range of Motion in Female Swimmers With Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

Background and Aims Previous studies have shown that core stability exercises reduce the applied force on the upper limbs in swimmers. However, the effect of these exercises on the range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, and pain in the shoulder of swimmers is unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of a core stability exercise program on shoulder pain, muscle strength, and ROM in female swimmers with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). Methods The study population consists of all female swimmers with SIS in Tabriz, Iran. Twenty eligible swimmers were selected and randomly divided into two exercise (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The shoulder pain, ROM, and muscle strength were measured by the shoulder pain and disability index, a goniometer, and the bench press (One repetition maximum), respectively. The exercise group participated in a specific core stability exercise program. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 24 using repeated measures analysis of variance, independent t-test, and paired t-test for within-group and between-group comparisons. The significance level was set a t 0.05. Results After exercise, the amount of shoulder pain in the experimental group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P=0.0001). It also had a significant effect on the ROM of the shoulder in this group. In addition, there was a significant difference in shoulder muscle strength in the experimental group before and after exercise (P=0.0001), but this difference was not significant in the control group (P=0.138). Moreover, there was a significant interaction effect of time and group in the shoulder girdle muscle strength (P=0.001). Conclusion The core stability exercises can reduce shoulder pain and improve shoulder ROM and muscle strength in female swimmers with SIS. Performing core stability exercises is recommended to reduce pain and improve shoulder girdle function in these swimmers.

The effects of Core Stability Exercises and Mulligan's mobilization with movement techniques on sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD), while being the primary contributor to low back pain, is still disregarded and treated as low back pain. Mulligan's Mobilization with Movement (MWM) Techniques and Core Stability Exercises (CSE) are often used to treat low back pain. There is not much evidence that it is effective in SIJD. To evaluate the effectiveness of CSE coupled with MWM (CSE + MWM) in the treatment of SIJD. 39 patients with SIJD were recruited and randomly divided into distinct groups as follows: control group (n = 13), CSE group (n = 13) and CSE + MWM group (n = 13). The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), the Range of Motion (ROM), the Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) and the pelvic tilt angle asymmetry ratio in the sagittal plane (PTAR) were used to gauge the intervention's success both before (M0) and after (M1) it. All experimental data were statistically analyzed. The SIJ-related pain metric significantly decreased in both the CSE + MWM group and the CSE group between M0 and M1, as determined by the NPRS and RMDQ. Between M0 and M1, The CSE group's left axial rotation ROM and lumbar flexion ROM were significantly decreased. The CSE + MWM group's extension ROM and left lateral flexion ROM both significantly increased between M0 and M1. In the difference variable (M1-M0), the CSE + MWM group substantially outperformed control group in the left lateral flexion ROM and outperformed the CSE group in the left axial rotation ROM. In individuals with SIJD, CSE + MWM is beneficial in lowering pain, disability, and function. Treatment with CSE and MWM approaches for SIJ appears to boost this efficacy.

Comparative Effects of Core Stability Exercises and Retro-walk on Balance and Coordination in Down Syndrome

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) often face motor deficits impacting balance and coordination. While core stability exercises are a recognized form of intervention, the potential benefits of Retro walking require further exploration. Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects of core stability exercises and Retro walking on balance and coordination in individuals with DS. Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 24 participants with a confirmed diagnosis of DS, aged 8-14 years, and with mild to moderate mental retardation. They were allocated into two groups: Group A, receiving core stability exercises, and Group B, undergoing Retro walking, both over an 8-week period. Inclusion criteria were the ability to stand and walk with a Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) score of at least 14/56. Exclusion criteria encompassed any orthopedic, cardiac, or uncontrolled cardiovascular conditions. Assessments were conducted using the PBS and Foot Tapping Test, pre- and post-intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, employing paired and independent t-tests. Results: Post-intervention, Group A exhibited an increase in PBS scores from 15.83±2.406 to 32.17±2.209 (p &lt; .001), and Group B from 15.08±2.999 to 31.25±1.913 (p &lt; .001). Foot Tapping Test scores for the right side improved from 9.92±1.311 to 20.17±2.082 in Group A (p &lt; .002), and from 9.67±1.614 to 18.08±2.610 in Group B (p &lt; .003). Conclusion: Both core stability exercises and Retro walking significantly improved balance and coordination in children with DS. These modalities should be considered valuable additions to the therapeutic interventions for this population.

Comparison of the effects of core stability and whole-body electromyostimulation exercises on kyphosis angle and core muscle endurance of inactive people with hyper kyphosis: A quasi-experimental pre-post study

ObjectiveRestoring the degree of kyphosis to be consistent with good sagittal alignment of the spine is a key concern. This study aimed to compare the effect of core stability exercises (CSE) versus whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) and a combined program (PLUS) on kyphosis angle and core muscle endurance in sedentary individuals with hyperkyphosis. DesignA quasi-experimental single group pre-post study. SettingsLaboratory of corrective exercise. Participantsseventy-five untrained men (28.9 ± 5.3 years) with thoracic hyperkyphosis. Main outcome measuresA flexible ruler was used to measure the angle of kyphosis and McGill's test was used to evaluate core stability. ResultsThe results of the post hoc test demonstrated that the kyphosis angle was improved in the WB-EMS and PLUS groups compared to that in the CG (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed among the three groups(P > 0.05). In the post-test, core stability was significantly improved in CSE, WB-EMS and PLUS groups compared to that in the CG. ConclusionsThe WB-EMS and PLUS protocols as new training methods seem to be effective in changing posture parameters and correcting postural deformities, including kyphosis. Therefore, these protocols along with other rehabilitation programs can be used to correct kyphosis and improve core muscle endurance.

The Effects of 12-week Online-delivered Isometric and Dynamic Core Stability Exercises on Functional Movement, Dynamic Postural Control, and Core Endurance in Healthy Young Adults

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 12-week online-delivered isometric and dynamic core stability exercises on functional movements, dynamic postural control, and core endurance in healthy young adults.METHODS This is a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Sixty young adults (age range: 19-34 years; 12 males, 48 females) participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to the isometric core exercise [ICE], dynamic core exercise [DCE], or control group. Participants in the ICE and DCE groups performed 40-60 min real-time online-delivered core exercise session via Zoom video conferencing application, twice a week for 12 weeks. Participants in the control group did not participate in exercise intervention. All participants were asked not to participate in other exercises for 12 weeks. The outcome measurements include the functional movement screen, Y-balance test (upper &amp; lower), and core endurance tests (flexor, extensor, and lateral flexor of the trunk).RESULTS The results of this study showed significant improvement in core endurance, functional movement, and dynamic postural control of the upper body in the ICT and DCE groups compared with the control group. However, significant differences were not found between the ICE and DCE groups in all variables.CONCLUSIONS Both types of online-delivered core exercise programs have been shown to be effective in improving functional movement, dynamic posture control, and core endurance in young adults. In addition, since both types of exercise have been shown to be effective on core stability related variables, both types of exercise can be recommended for young adults. However, further studies are warranted to investigate the gender differences on the effects of the core stability exercises.