Effect Of Cold Plastic Deformation Research Articles

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПЛАСТИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ НА РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ МИКРОТВЕРДОСТИ В СЛОИСТОМ КОМПОЗИЦИОННОМ МАТЕРИАЛЕ АМГ2-ВТ1

The effect of cold plastic deformation (rolling) on the change in the microhardness of layers of composite material AMg2-VT1 obtained by explosion welding at optimal conditions has been studied. Safe degrees of compression during rolling of a layered composite are recommended, which make it possible to process the composite material by pressure without obtaining a brittle intermetallic layer.

Влияние холодной деформации и термической обработки на структуру, текстуру и свойства титанового псевдо-β-сплава

The effect of cold plastic deformation and heat treatment on the phase composition, structure, texture, and mechanical properties of sheets of pseudo-β-titanium alloy VT35 has been studied. It has been established that after cold rolling of sheet semi-finished products, a multicomponent texture (111) + (112) + (100) is formed, which during subsequent heat treatment is transformed into a similar texture but with a lower degree of texturing. A generalized diagram of phase and structural transformations with temperature-time conditions for the onset of polygonization, recrystallization, and decay of the β-phase was constructed. It is shown that, subject to the sequence and kinetics of the processes occurring during heat treatment, it is possible to form a structure of various types in the alloy, which makes possible to change its technological and mechanical properties in a wide range.

Analysis of the effect of cold plastic deformation and subsequent heating on the properties of metal

Analysis of the effect of cold plastic deformation and subsequent heating on the properties of metal

Improvement of the working surface resistance of a stamping tool with coating and SSS modeling of the preliminary mechanical activation of the surface layer of the stamp working parts

A research technique was developed. The selection of the processed samples (sizes, material, operating conditions) was carried out. The physical and computational model of the process of cold plastic deformation of samples from tool heat-resistant steel X12M was developed. The technique for studying the effect of cold plastic deformation on the adhesive ability of a substrate – coating system is presented.

Magnetic control of structural changes in structural steels during plastic deformation

The analysis and consideration of the influence of the main factors on the damage of welded metal structures during long-term operation. The relationship between the strength of the magnetic field of the Hр scattering and structural changes in structural steels that occur during cold plastic deformation to different degrees is established. It is shown that at small degrees of deformation, the change in the magnetic parameter Hр is large. As they increase, the HP value decreases and tends to the values of the Earth's magnetic field. The data of microstructural analysis of the metal of structural steels are in good agreement with the results of the passive ferrosonde method of control. A method for evaluating the effect of cold plastic deformation on the magnetic properties of metal in structural steels has been developed.

Effect of cold plastic deformation and subsequent aging on the strength properties of Al-Mg2Si alloys with combined (Sc + Zr) and (Sc + Hf) additions

Effects of equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and rotary swaging (RS) with subsequent aging on the strength properties of Al-Mg2Si alloys with (Sc + Zr) and (Sc + Hf) additions were studied. The microstructure of deformed alloys was examined by optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical properties were characterized by hardness measurements and tensile testing. It was found that the strength properties of Al-Mg2Si alloys were remarkably improved due to the structure refinement during cold deformation and the acceleration of the kinetics precipitation of the βʹ and βʹʹ phases during aging of deformed alloys. It is found an accelerated decomposition of the supersaturated aluminum-based solid solution in the presence of hafnium. Nearly the same values of hardness and tensile strength of Al-Mg2Si alloys with transition metals additions have been accounted for the more intense decomposition of the solid solution with hafnium has compensated by a larger amount of hardening phases (βʹʹ and βʹ) in alloys with zirconium. For all alloys the highest hardness was achieved after cold deformation and remained nearly the same after 2 h of aging.

Studies on the effect of Cold Plastic Deformation and Heat Treatment on the Microstructural Arrangement and Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in Acidic Media

Mild steel is the most extensively used carbon steel for numerous industrial applications, where it is exposed to various service environments containing acids, bases and salt solutions. From industrial point of view, plastic deformation and heat treatment are among the essential manufacturing steps in mild steel processing and these steps can implicate its corrosion behaviour. This work investigated the effect of cold plastic deformation and subsequent high temperature heat treatment on the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of mild steel in two different concentrations (0.5M and 1.0M) of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), using the weight loss method. Mild steel samples were cold pressed to thickness reduction of 20%, 40% and 50% and subsequently heat treated at 700oC and 900°C and then air-cooled. The test duration lasted for 25 days and the weight loss measurements were taken at intervals of 5 days. It was observed that corrosion rates of the samples were generally higher in the 1.0M than in 0.5M acid solution. The as-received and heat-treated mild steel samples exhibited higher corrosion rates than the cold-pressed and heat-treated samples. The results indicated strongly that cold working accompanied by heat treatment improves corrosion resistance of mild steel in acidic media.

Allotropic forms of carbon in the Invar Fe–Ni–C alloy before and after plastic deformation by upsetting

The effect of cold plastic deformation by upsetting (e = 1.13) on structure and hybridised bonds of carbon in the fcc Invar Fe-30.9%Ni-1.23% C alloy was studied by means of X-ray phase analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Carbon precipitates along grain boundaries and inside of grains in the alloy after annealing and plastic deformation were revealed. The presence of mainly sp2- and sp3-hybridised C–C bonds attributing to graphite and amorphous carbon as well as the carbon bonds with impurity atoms and metallic Fe and Ni atoms in austenitic phase were revealed in the annealed and deformed alloy. It was shown for the first time that plastic deformation of the alloy results in partial destruction of the graphite crystal structure, increasing the relative part of amorphous carbon, and redistribution of carbon between structural elements as well as in a solid solution of austenitic phase.

Effect of pre-deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of WE43 magnesium alloy

The effect of cold plastic deformation by multi-directional forging prior to artificial aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WE43 alloy was investigated. The results show that the pre-deformation produced high density of dislocations and deformation twins. After peak-aging treatment at 200°C, the pre-deformation reduced the average size of fine β″ and β′ precipitates and promoted the formation of β1 phase. Additionally, spheroid–shaped precipitates formed at twin boundaries and the deformation twins were thermally stable during the aging treatment. Mechanical properties reveal that the tensile yield and ultimate strength is significantly enhanced from 191±3MPa to 270±15MPa and 278±5MPa to 320±18MPa, respectively.

Properties of Invar alloy Fe‐30.9 % Ni‐1.23 % C after dispersion of structure by upsetting

The effect of cold plastic deformation by upsetting of the carbon‐containing Invar Fe‐30.9 % Ni‐1.23 % C alloy on structure, magnetic and elastic properties was studied by means of X‐ray diffraction and Mössbauer analysis, magnetic and ultrasonic methods. The crystal lattice distortion and additional dissolution of graphite in austenite increase magnetization, hyperfine magnetic fields at iron nuclei, the Curie temperature essentially smearing this phase transition. These changes are caused by weakened interatomic bond in the Invar alloy detected in decreased elastic moduli and the Debye temperature.

Effect of Cold Plastic Deformation on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloy 2519 After Ageing

Effect of cold plastic deformation prior to ageing at 180°C on a microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature for an AA2519 alloy was examined subjected to solution treatment and water quenching initially. It was found that cold rolling with a reduction of 15% or equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) up to a true strain of ~1 leads to acceleration of age-hardening response of this alloy. Peak hardness values of 127, 175 and 169 HV0.2 were achieved by ageing following quenching, cold rolling and ECAP, respectively. The highest values of yield stress (YS) of 475 MPa and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 520 MPa, were attained after ECAP followed by ageing. The effect of cold plastic deformation prior to ageing on the precipitation behavior and its relation with mechanical properties of the AA2519 is discussed.

Influence of pre-deformation on age-hardening response and mechanical properties of extruded Mg–6%Zn–1%Mn alloy

The effect of cold plastic deformation between solution treatment and artificial aging on the age-hardening response and mechanical properties of alloy was investigated by micro-hardness test, tensile test, optical microscopy (OM) and TEM observation. After solution treatment at 420 °C for 1 h, three kinds of pre-deformation strains, i.e. 0, 5% and 10%, were applied to extruded ZM61 bars. Age-hardening curves show that pre-deformation can significantly accelerate the precipitation kinetics and increase peak-hardness value; however, as pre-deformation strain rises from 5% to 10%, there is no gain in peak hardness value. The room temperature (RT) tensile properties demonstrate that increasing the pre-deformation degree can enhance the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) but moderately reduce elongation (EL); furthermore, the enhancement of YS is larger than that of UTS. No twin can be observed in 5% pre-deformed microstructure; however, a large number of twins are activated after 10% pre-deformation. The peak-aged TEM microstructure shows that pre-deformation can increase the number density of rod-shaped β1′ precipitates which play a key role in strengthening ZM61 alloy.

Effect of Cold Plastic Deformation by Radial Forging Followed by Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of Steel 10Kh3G3MF

The evolution of the structure and properties of initially hardened steel 10Kh3G3MF due to complex deformation and heat treatment that includes cold plastic deformation by radial forging and subsequent annealing is investigated.

Effect of cold plastic deformation on the structure of granular pearlite in carbon steels

Carbon steel with a structure of granular pearlite has been investigated by methods of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy as a function of the degree of cold deformation. It has been shown that with increasing degree of deformation the microstructure of the ferritic constituent changes regularly from dislocation to cellular and to microbanded. It has been established that the structural state of the granular pearlite is stable upon deformation to 50%. An increase in the carbon concentration in the ferrite occurs. Fragmentation of carbide particles into blocks and their subsequent dissolution hawe been observed upon deformation exceeding 50%. Fine-dispersed globular carbides are formed in the ferrite matrix.

Deuterium trapping in irradiated nickel

The effect of cold plastic deformation in nickel on the deuterium segregation induced by ion irradiation has been studied by the nuclear-reaction method. The irradiation and discrete measurements have been performed at room temperature and coordinated in time due to the use of a beam of accelerated deuterons with an energy of 700 keV in the reaction D (d,p) T. An analysis of the experimental dose dependences of the accumulation of implanted deuterium and of the results of calculation of the process of deuterium implantation using an SRIM program made it possible to reveal the basic laws of the deuterium segregation. It has been established that deuterium trapping in the irradiated volume occurs into initial traps (deformation-induced vacancies) and radiation-induced traps (vacancies and their clusters). The dislocations at room temperature are not efficient traps of deuterium. Dose ranges of deuterium trapping by different-type traps have been revealed, and a model of the formation and evolution of the deuterium segregates in nickel has been put forward.

Effect of cold plastic deformation on electrical conductivity of various materials

This study is focused on the investigation of the effect of cold plastic deformation on the electrical conductivity properties of different materials. The plastic deformation that occurs at the upsetting of the specimen and the varying of the conductivity properties were the main subject of this study. Aluminium, copper and brass were used as the test materials in the experiments. Measurement results of the upset (deformed) specimens were obtained with a conductivity meter instrument. Result which was obtained from the experiments was presented graphically. Finally, it is concluded that in general electrical conductivity decreases slightly due to plastic deformation of the deformed materials.

Effect of cold plastic deformation on the structure and corrosion resistance of austenitic aging 0Kh18N2A alloy

The effect of deformation on the structure and related chemical properties of an austenitic 0Kh18N2A alloy with an overequilibrium nitrogen content has been studied. Cold plastic deformation at an 8–11% reduction before aging at 350°C is shown to halve the corrosion rate of the alloy as compared to the undeformed state. A thermoplastic treatment by the schedule quenching + aging at 350°C + 20% reduction is found to be more effective: the corrosion rate decreases by an order of magnitude as compared to the undeformed state.

The effect of cold plastic deformation and subsequent annealing on the magnetic properties of metals with different initial structures

The effect of the degree of cold plastic deformation (CPD) and the temperature of subsequent annealing on the coercive force, relaxation magnetization, and relaxation magnetic susceptibility of iron and nickel is studied. The effect of the degree of CPD on steels with different initial structures in the annealed state (such as ferrite (Э10 steel), pearlite (ШX15 steel), and ferrite-pearlite (50Γ steel) structure), as well as on 50Γsteel with different initial structures obtained after quenching and tempering at different temperatures, is also studied. The dependences obtained are analyzed based on modern theories of magnetic hysteresis for magnetically soft materials. Recommendations for the use of nondestructive testing of the degree of CPD of articles (semifinished items) made from steels with different initial structures are given.

The Effect of Cold Plastic Deformation and Subsequent Annealing on the Magnetic Properties of Metals with Different Initial Structures

The Effect of Cold Plastic Deformation and Subsequent Annealing on the Magnetic Properties of Metals with Different Initial Structures

Diffusive shape memory effect in the V-H system

The effect of cold plastic deformation on the occurrence of the diffusive shape memory effect in the V-H system due to redistribution of the β-phase arising from the Gorskii effect is investigated by means of three-point bending tests. The slight plastic deformation produced by the bending in the region of the α-solid solution gives rise to a diffusive shape memory effect when there is no load, whereas large deformations completely suppress the diffusive shape memory effect. It is suggested that the reason for the occurrence and disappearances of the diffusive shape memory effect is internal residual stresses of a different scale level which occur after cold plastic deformation.