Effects Of Climatic Environment Research Articles

Oleiculture in progress

The present work evaluates the limits and possibilities of development with regard to the most recent olive-growing techniques in light of up-to-date knowledge of species characteristics. After a brief introduction regarding the productive capacity of olive, the new taxonomic position of the cultivated species and a reorganization of the genus Olea is presented in the first part of the work. Examination follows of the assumed stages of domestication, spread (from the Bronze Age until decline in the 6-10th centuries A.D.) and then globalization of the species from the 19th century until the present. The second part addresses the spread of olive to the different continents, environmental limitations to its cultivation and the growth model that distinguishes it from most of the other cultivated woody species. The various problems that arise when olive is cultivated outside its areal of origin are considered, from induction processes to effective chilling requirements, as well as the effects of climatic environment on plant growth and product quality following shifts in areal. The paper concludes with a brief analysis of open questions relative to new models of cultivation.

The effect of climatic environment and relocating and mixing on health status and productivity of pigs

AbstractTwo similar style experiments were carried out in a climate-controlled pig house to determine the effects of adverse climatic conditions and relocating and mixing on the health status and productivity of pigs. In both experiments, 120 pigs were used. The climate-controlled pig house consisted of two fully separated but identical rooms (experimental and control) with five pens each (12 pigs per pen). Pigs exposed to draught and low environmental temperature had lower daily gain (experiment 1: 45 g/day; experiment 2: 25 g/day) and higher food conversion (food: gain ratio) than pigs housed under optimal climatic conditions (control). Moreover, clinical disease signs (i.e. diarrhoea, coughing, sneezing and haemorrhagic ear lesions) were more pronounced in the experimental than in the control group. In experiment 1, pigs were relocated and mixed at 10 weeks of age either within or between the experimental and control room. Data showed clear negative effects on daily gain and clinical disease signs especially among pigs that were relocated to suboptimal climatic conditions. In experiment 2, pigs were either relocated and mixed between both rooms or they remained in their own pens. Data on daily gain and clinical disease signs revealed that the health of the pigs was strongly affected by mixing. Therefore, the present work emphasizes the importance of climatic environment and social factors in intensive pig production.

The Effect of Certain Environmental Factors on Cambium Temperatures of Peach Trees1

Abstract These studies on the effect of climatic environment on cambium temperatures are indicative of why so much cold injury occurs in the Southeast. High cambium temperatures occurring in late winter as the result of solar radiation impinging on the bark of the trunk caused a loss of hardiness after the rest period had been broken. When these high daytime temperatures were followed by a rapid rate of fall to freezing temperatures at night, severe injury often resulted, which contributed greatly to shortening the life of peach trees. In addition, wind produced local cooling of the cambium tissue and, at critical air temperatures in late winter and early spring, was capable of causing severe cold damage. Trunk insulators modified the microclimate around the tree to the extent of preventing the extremes that made the trees less hardy and more subject to low temperature injury. Trunk cambium temperature appeared to be a sensitive indicator of tree vitality during growth. Trees with low vitality had higher cambium temperature than trees in good condition.

Evaluation of climatological records for rational planning of livestock shelters

Recent research investigations into the effects of climatic environment on livestock have provided functional relationships between weather events and production. Decisions involving shelters to overcome adverse environments for production must be based on economic returns to alternative investments. However, economic analyses require an integration of the effects of the weather factors over a specific period of time, usually several weeks or months in duration. Probability techniques applied to the weather events affecting production provide a basis for the required integration and thereby aid in establishing the economic benefits involved in environmental modification. Several years of summer weather data are analyzed in terms of probability distribution functions for selected stations in the United States. The weather events utilized are the Temperature-Humidity Index and dry-bulb temperature, since livestock production has been shown to be a function of these statistics. Specific examples are provided of the application of such distribution functions to decisions concerning livestock shelters.

Effect of Climatic Environment Upon the Genesis of Subcutaneous Tumors Induced by Methylcholanthrene and Upon the Growth of a Transplantable Sarcoma in C3H Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref>

Effect of Climatic Environment Upon the Genesis of Subcutaneous Tumors Induced by Methylcholanthrene and Upon the Growth of a Transplantable Sarcoma in C3H Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref>