Effect Of Catalytic Additives Research Articles

A Novel Air Flooding Technology for Light Crude Oil Reservoirs Applied under Reservoir Conditions

A novel air flooding technology based on catalyst-activated low-temperature oxidation (CLTO) has been researched by static and dynamic oxidation experiments and can be applied in light crude oil reservoirs under reservoir conditions to improve the safety and oil recovery of air flooding. The catalytic effect of additives on the oxidation behavior of three crude oils was researched. The changes in oil recovery, oxygen distribution, and oil characteristics caused by additives were researched by dynamic oxidation experiments, and the influences of crude oil types, additive injection pattern, injection volume, and injection time on the catalytic effect were also researched. The results show that metallic additives can improve the oxygen consumption capacity of crude oils. Furthermore, the addition of additives can delay the oxygen breakthrough time and reduce the oxygen content in the gas produced. During the catalytic air flooding, the oxygen injected reacts mainly with the residual oil near the injection we...

Effect of the nanocatalysts on the thermal stability and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics of MgH2 nanocrystalline powders

Nanocrystalline MgH2 powders were synthesized by reactive ball milling of Mg powders under high hydrogen gas pressure. A single stable phase of β-MgH2 coexisted with γ-MgH2 were obtained after 25 h of the milling time. Increasing the ball milling time led to a significant decreasing on the grain size of MgH2 powders and this led to improve the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties of the metal hydride phase. The effect of catalytic additives (5 wt.%) of TM (Ni, and Cu), MO (Fe2O3, SiO2 and ZnO) and TiMn alloy on the absorption/desorption kinetics of MgH2 nanocrystalline powders were investigated and found to be destabilizer additives of the MgH2 phase.

Catalytic Effect of Transition Metallic Additives on the Light Oil Low-Temperature Oxidation Reaction

Increasing the reaction rate between crude oil and oxygen (oxygen consumption rate) is an effective method for improving the safety of air flooding. The catalytic effect of the transition metallic additives copper chloride, manganese acetate, cobalt chloride, and nickel chloride on the light oil low-temperature oxidation (LTO) was determined through static oxidation experiments. Additionally, the influence of temperature, pressure, and reaction time on the catalytic effect of the additives was investigated. The changes of the oil characteristics due to low-temperature oxidation (LTO) and catalytic low-temperature oxidation (CLTO) were investigated through SARA composition tests, elements analysis, n-alkanes components analysis, and infrared spectrum analysis. In addition, the influence of additives on the kinetic parameters of LTO was also researched. The results showed that the transition metallic additives significantly improved the oxygen consumption rate of light oil LTO, notably the copper chloride. For three oils from different reservoirs, the oxygen consumption rates increased to above 2.2 times the original after the addition of copper chloride at 70 °C and 16 MPa. Besides, the synergistic effect between reaction temperature and catalyst was significant in promoting oxygen consumption. When the reaction temperature reached 130 °C, the oxygen content after reaction reduced to 2.67% from 9.18% after the addition of copper chloride. The oxygen in air reacted with saturate and aromatics, generating resin and asphaltene. The distribution of n-alkanes was shifted to higher molecular weight components during LTO, and the addition of catalyst could enhance the changing trend. In addition, new oxygen-containing groups were generated during LTO and CLTO. The order of the oxygen partial pressure and the activation energy of LTO were all reduced due to the addition of catalyst. This study can provide guidelines to improve the safety and application of air flooding technology.

Effect of catalytic additives and aluminum particle size on the combustion of mixed compositions with a chlorine-free oxidizer

Experimental results on the stationary burning rate and solid content in the combustion products of mixed compositions with a chlorine-free oxidizer and an active fuel binder in the pressure range 0.025–6.0 MPa are presented. The effect of catalytic additives (silica and carbon black), the particle size of aluminum powder, and the method of preparing samples for combustion of the mixed compositions under consideration are analyzed.

The Effects of Cryogenic Milling and Catalytic Additives on the Hydrogen Desorption Behaviour of Nanostructured MgH<sub>2</sub>

It is well known that catalytic additives and mechanical milling are effective in improving hydrogen desorption kinetics of MgH2. In this study, the effect of catalytic additives including BaCa1-xNdxO3-δ (BCN) on the desorption behavior of MgH2 was investigated. It was found that BCN can improve the desorption kinetics, but not as effective as other known additives such as Nb2O5. The effect of milling temperature was also studied. It was found that the cryogenic milling is not as effective as room temperature milling primarily due to the inhomogeneous particle size distribution.

Catalytic effect of additives on the hydrogen absorption properties of nano-crystalline MgH2(X) composites

Hydrogen sorption properties of MgH2–X nanocomposite powders (X=V, Nb, Ti, TiCN) are conditioned by the milling step. The respective roles of the additives and the milling time have been dissociated. The study reveals details not only on the hydrogen sorption process but also on the particle size reduction, distribution and agglomeration, that depend on the nature of the additives. In addition to the effect related to the extra-elements, the milling time has to be optimised to lead to the best particles size reduction without any agglomeration of the grains.

Direct Reduction of Copper Sulphide with Carbon in the Presence of Lime

AbstractThe direct reduction of cuprous sulphide with carbon and lime was investigated in the temperature range 850–1010°C. The reduction kinetics were determined by means of a thermogravimetric apparatus. The kinetics are considerably improved when large excesses of lime and carbon are present in the Cu2S/CaO/C mixture. The composition Cu2S:4CaO:4C seemed to be the optimum and accordingly received the most careful scrutiny. The effects of catalytic additives like K2CO3, Li2CO3, Na2CO3, NaF, Na2SO3, and ternary (K, Li,Na) 2CO3 eutectic were thoroughly investigated. Potassium carbonate, sodium fluoride, and the ternary appear to be the best catalysts for the direct reduction process. The relationship between catalyst concentration and catalytic activity was determined for the K2CO3 catalyst. Higher concentrations favor faster rates but there is a greater likelihood of catalyst-loss from the reaction mixture during the course of the reduction process. X-ray diffraction analysis of partially-reacted samples ...

Effect of catalytic additives on the burning of ammonium perchlorate and certain of its mixtures

Potassium bichromate is the most effective catalyst of the burning of ammonium perchlorate and its mixtures with coke. Chromic oxide is less effective as a catalyst and accelerates the burning of the perchlorate only in the pressure range up to 500 atm. The effect of chromic oxide on the burning of a mixture of perchlorate and coke is positive over the enture range of pressures studied.