Effects Of Carbon Dioxide Laser Research Articles

Irradiation methods of 10,600 nm carbon dioxide laser for dental caries prevention

To investigate the parameters and irradiation techniques used for 10,600 nm carbon dioxide laser for dental caries prevention. This study examined the 22 publications on the effects of carbon dioxide lasers on preventing caries. The parameters investigated were output power, pulse energy, frequency (for pulse laser), spot area and fluence. The techniques investigated were the mode (fixed spot or scanning motion), time and irradiation distance. Seventeen studies examined the prevention of enamel caries. The output power, pulse energy, frequency, spot area and fluence were determined, and their ranges were 0.1 to 2800 W, 0.0025 to 2000 mJ, 8.7 × 10−8 to 0.05 cm2, 1 to 226 Hz and 0.3 to 28.6 Jcm−2, respectively. Ten studies employed scanning motion and seven employed fixed spot irradiation. The time and irradiation distance ranged from 2 to 9 s and 1 to 370 mm, respectively. Six studies examined dentin caries prevention. The output power, pulse energy, frequency, spot area and fluence ranged from 0.17 to 480 W, 1.7 to 540 mJ, 0.008 to 0.05 cm2, 1 to 250 Hz and 0.05 to 715 Jcm−2, respectively. Three studies employed spot irradiation and three employed scanning motion. The time and irradiation distance range from 4 to 15 s and 5 to 198 mm, respectively. Parameters of three studies were incorrect and two studies could not be determined. This review found considerable variations in the included articles’ parameters and irradiation techniques reported for 10,600 nm carbon dioxide laser for caries prevention. Some studies did not provide adequate information on the parameters and the irradiation technique. A few studies reported incorrect parameters or impractical irradiation distance for clinical practice.

Effect of carbon dioxide laser with botulinum toxin compared with carbon dioxide alone in treatment of periorbital syringoma

Background Periorbital syringoma is a benign adnexal tumor of eccrine origin that mostly affects middle-aged women. It consists of bilateral, multiple, yellow to flesh colored to brown firm papules. Aim To assess the effect of fractional CO2 laser with topical botulinum toxin compared with fractional CO2 laser alone in the treatment of periorbital syringomas. Patients and methods This split-face prospective study was carried out on 30 patients presented with periorbital syringomas. All patients were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, examination for site, number of syringomas, and photographic documentation. The patients were treated by fractional CO2 laser and immediately followed by 0.1 cm of diluted Botox (by gentle hand massage) in the right eyelid, whereas the left eyelid was treated by fractional CO2 laser only. The patients were subjected to two sessions with 4–6-week interval. Results There was a statistically significant increase in the response to treatment by fractional CO2 laser followed by topical Botox (P=0.039). The percentage of improvement was 95.5%. Conclusion The use of fractional CO2 laser combined with topical botulinum toxin in treatment of periorbital syringomas has better results than the use of fractional CO2 laser only.

The Effect of Carbon Dioxide Laser on Aphthous stomatitis Treatment: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: This randomized clinical trial was designed to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide laser on the treatment of minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (miRAS) as a painful and common oral ulcer. Methods: Fifteen patients with miRAS entered into this study after compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were assigned to three groups of pulsed CO2 laser, continuous CO2 laser, and control. A pulsed CO2 laser with power of 261 W and pulse duration of 180 microseconds and continuous CO2 lasers with the power of 1 W and radiation duration of 5-10 seconds were used. In the control group, topical triamcinolone ointment of 0.1% was used. The degree of pain was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The patients were evaluated in terms of pain intensity before and immediately after the treatment and at follow-up hours, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the intervention, and changes in the size of the ulcers were measured before the treatment and on third, fifth, and seventh days. Results: The effect of CO2 laser with pulsed and continuous radiation on the pain intensity of aphthous lesions, immediately after the treatment and at subsequent follow-up hours were similar and even better than the control group (P<0.05). All three treatments had a similar effect on the size of the ulcer, which was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) showed that the carbon dioxide laser, whether with pulsed radiation or continuous radiation compared to the control group, had a better impact on the pain relief of aphthous lesions.

Effects of carbon dioxide lasers on preventing caries: a literature review

This study aimed to review the effects of carbon dioxide lasers (λ = 10,600 nm) on preventing dental caries. A systematic search was performed of articles published in English through 2018 and archived in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The keywords used to identify the relevant publications were ((CO2laser) OR (carbon dioxide laser)) AND ((dental caries) OR (tooth remineralization)). The titles and abstracts of the initially identified publications were screened. Duplicate records, case reports, reviews, and irrelevant studies were removed. Full texts that focus on the effects of carbon dioxide lasers on preventing dental caries were retrieved from publications. The search identified 543 potentially relevant publications. A total of 285 duplicate records were removed. Twenty-two articles investigating the effect of carbon dioxide lasers on enamel and dentin were included. Results of the studies showed that carbon dioxide lasers could cause chemical and morphological changes to mineralized tissues, including reduction of carbonate content and recrystallization of mineral structure. All studies showed that carbon dioxide lasers increased the microhardness and decreased the mineral loss of enamel (nine studies) and dentin (three studies). Two out of eight studies showed increased resistance to demineralization of enamel after carbon dioxide laser and fluoride treatment. All studies revealed that carbon dioxide laser and fluoride treatment reduced mineral loss of dentin against acid challenge. Carbon dioxide (10,600 nm) lasers can prevent demineralization of enamel and dentin. Furthermore, they have a synergistic effect with fluoride in preventing dentin caries.

Preventive effects of carbon dioxide laser and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride varnish on enamel demineralization: A comparative, in vitro study.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)fluoride varnish on enamel demineralization. Human teeth were randomly assigned to three groups. The enamel was treated with fluoride varnish, 10.6μm CO2 laser, or no treatment (control), followed by 9days of pH cycling. Baseline and final FluoreCam images were used to quantify the area, intensity, and impact of demineralization; cross-sectional microhardness was used to measure the mechanical properties of the enamel. There were statistically-significant changes in the area, intensity and impact of demineralization in the control and laser groups (P<0.05), but not in the fluoride group. The control group showed a significantly greater area and impact of enamel demineralization compared to the fluoride group. The area of demineralization in the laser group was significantly greater than that of the fluoride group. Enamel demineralization of the laser and control groups was comparable. The fluoride group showed statistically-significant harder enamel than the control at 20, 40, and 60μm depths; the laser group enamel was significantly harder than the control at 20 and 40μm depths. The fluoride group showed statistically-significant harder enamel than the laser group at 20μm depth. CPP-ACP fluoride varnish is more effective than CO2 in preventing enamel demineralization.

Effect of Carbon Dioxide Laser on Increasing Vestibular Depth in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients.

Shallow upper buccal sulcus deformity in cleft lip and palate patients is one of the common secondary deformities after primary cleft lip and palate repair; this deformity may prevent or complicate orthodontic and prosthodontic procedures causing aesthetic and functional problems. A number of methods are described to increase the anterior maxillary sulcus in these patients. This study assessed the use of a carbon dioxide laser (CO2) to increase the sulcus depth. Fifteen patients with cleft lip and palate (eight unilateral and seven bilateral) were studied. The surgical procedure was performed using CO2 laser. The vestibular depth and lip length were measured at three time points namely before surgery (T0), 1 week following surgery (T1), and 4 months following surgery (T2). After data collection, statistical analyses were done using PASW® version 18 SPSS. The mean values of vestibular depth were 9.46 ± 1.92, 13.83 ± 1.88, and 13.23 ± 1.76 mm for T0, T1, and T2, respectively. The vestibular depth significantly increased after 4 months of follow-up (p = 0.001). The mean amount of vestibular depth gain was not significantly different in unilateral and bilateral cleft groups (p = 0.908). The mean value of upper lip length increased by a mean of 1.23 mm and was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Upper buccal sulcus reconstruction with CO2 laser provides successful and stable results. CO2 laser application is suggested as an alternative to conventional vestibuloplasty.

The clinical effect of carbon dioxide laser and platelet-rich fibrin on vestibuloplasty

The clinical effect of carbon dioxide laser and platelet-rich fibrin on vestibuloplasty

Combined Effects of Carbon Dioxide Laser and Fluoride on Demineralized Primary Enamel: An in vitro Study

This in vitro study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a CO₂ laser (10.6 µm) alone or combined with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) on the inhibition of lesion progression in primary enamel. The specimens were treated with/without CO₂ laser and/or APF and submitted to pH cycling. Microhardness analysis was performed and the enamel mineral loss values were obtained. The groups treated with laser and/or APF presented lower mineral loss when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Laser irradiation alone or combined with APF decreased lesion progression in primary enamel. However, the combined treatment did not show any significant additional effect.

Analytical method to examine the effects of carbon dioxide lasers on skin: a study using wrinkles induced in hairless mice.

Investigation of the wrinkle smoothing process elicited by CO(2) laser treatment is important for understanding the mechanism involved in their repair. Hairless mice with wrinkles induced in their dorsal skin by long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength range of 290-320 nm were treated with a CO(2) laser. By using this model, we investigated the external appearance, histologic changes, and the mechanical properties of the skin during the wrinkle repair. Laser treatment with an appropriate intensity caused wrinkles to smooth completely. In the healing process, reepithelialization and collagen tissue regeneration in the upper dermis was observed. However, marked changes in the skin were noted, such as increases in the collagen layer and in the skin thickness, and changes in the mechanical properties of the skin, despite the favorable external appearance. An abnormal state characterized by excessive collagen regeneration and other changes in the dermis occur concomitantly with wrinkle smoothing.

Treatment of Bowen's disease of the digit with carbon dioxide laser

Background: Therapy for Bowen's disease is essential to prevent invasive squamous cell carcinoma and metastases. Surgical excision is preferred because of the low relapse rate, but it may result in scar contracture, especially in the digit. Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of carbon dioxide laser for Bowen's disease of the digit. Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven Bowen's disease of the digits were recruited from the Department of Dermatology, Siriraj Hospital during the period 1992-1998. Risk factors were assessed. The lesion and 4 mm of surrounding clinically uninvolved skin were vaporized by means of the carbon dioxide laser. Wounds were managed by second intention. Patients were followed up at 1 week, 4 weeks, 6 months, and yearly thereafter if applicable. Results: During this 7-year period, only 6 patients with Bowen's disease of the digits were identified. Four of the 6 had a long history of exposure to arsenic from herbal medicines. Postoperative clinical appearance was mild atrophic skin and hypopigmentation. No functional impairment was found. Biopsy specimens taken after treatment showed a slightly thinned epidermis and mild fibrosis in the papillary dermis. There has been no evidence of recurrence in the 6 months to 7.7 years since surgery. Conclusion: At least 67% of the patients affected by Bowen's disease of the digits had chronic arsenicism. It may be the earliest presentation of chronic arsenicism. Carbon dioxide laser provides ease of surgery, excellent cosmesis, preservation of function, and effective treatment for patients with Bowen's disease of the digits. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:1080-3.)

Erbium laser resurfacing: current concepts.

Laser skin resurfacing has enjoyed great popularity in recent years with the introduction of computerized, pulsed carbon dioxide lasers. However, the morbidity and side effects of carbon dioxide lasers have stimulated a search for alternative methods of skin remodeling. The erbium:YAG laser can be successfully used for skin resurfacing, with lower morbidity than the carbon dioxide laser. In a series of 625 patients who had erbium:YAG resurfacing, the following conclusions were reached. (1) Long-term (> 6 months) improvement in wrinkles and acne scars required total fluences exceeding 20 J/cm2. Periocular wrinkles required total fluences of between 20 and 40 J/cm2, depending on the depth of the wrinkles and skin thickness. Perioral rhytids required total fluences of between 40 and 80 J/cm2, whereas the cheeks and forehead required total fluences of 30 to 60 J/cm2. (2) Deeper wrinkles were best treated with a combination of erbium and carbon dioxide lasers, which minimized the bleeding that occurs with deeper erbium resurfacing. The simultaneous combined erbium with carbon dioxide laser was particularly advantageous. (3) Complications were relatively uncommon using the scanning erbium laser, and most adverse effects occurred early in the series. Scarring occurred in 5 of the 625 patients (0.8 percent) and mostly resolved with intralesional steroids. Hyperpigmentation occurred in 21 of the 625 patients (3.4 percent) and was temporary in nature. Hypopigmentation, which became evident after 6 months, occurred in 25 of the 625 patients (4.0 percent) but was mild and not a significant cosmetic problem, except in one patient who developed scarring on the neck. Hypopigmentation seemed to be related to the depth of resurfacing. Four of the 625 patients (0.6 percent) developed temporary scleral show, but no patients had permanent ectropion. Eight of the 625 (1.3 percent) developed synechiae under the lower eyelid, which required minor correction.

The effects of carbon dioxide laser on wound contracture and epithelial regeneration in rabbits : Jarmuske MB, Stranc MF, Stranc LC. Br J Plast Surg 43:40, 1990

The effects of carbon dioxide laser on wound contracture and epithelial regeneration in rabbits : Jarmuske MB, Stranc MF, Stranc LC. Br J Plast Surg 43:40, 1990

The effect of carbon dioxide laser on wound contraction and epithelial regeneration in rabbits

This study was undertaken to compare objectively healing rates (in rabbits) of wounds caused by CO 2 laser with those caused by scalpel. The rates of contraction and epithelialisation of standard wounds were determined with daily measurement of wound area from the time of wounding until the wound had healed. Our results demonstrate significant delays in both wound contraction (p = 0.0001) and epithelialisation (p = 0.0001) for CO 2 laser-created wounds when compared to those seen in scalpel-created wounds. Normal epithelial regenerative capacities were demonstrated in the laser group despite the slow onset of epithelial migration. The appearance of the healed areas appeared comparable for both modalities.