Effects Of Carbon Dioxide Gas Research Articles

Gasless single-port access laparoscopy using a J-shaped retractor in patients undergoing adnexal surgery.

The aim of this study was to compare gasless single-port access (SPA) laparoscopy using a J-shaped retractor and conventional SPA laparoscopy in patients undergoing adnexal surgery. Study design The medical records of 80 patients who underwent laparoscopic adnexal surgery between May 2017 and April 2019 were reviewed. Of the 80 patients, 40 patients underwent gasless SPA laparoscopy using a J-shaped retractor and 40 underwent conventional SPA laparoscopy. All surgeries were performed by one laparoscopic surgeon. Surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups. There are no significant differences in age, body mass index, parity, previous abdominal surgery, tumor marker, and tumor diameter between the gasless and conventional groups. The median retraction setup time from skin incision was 7min (range 5-12min) in gasless SPA laparoscopic adnexal surgery. The median total operation times were 55.5min (range 30-155min) in the gasless group and 55min (range 30-165min) in the conventional group without a significant difference. Additionally, there were no differences in operation type, conversion rate of laparotomy, use of an additional trocar, and pathological outcomes between the two groups. No major complications, such as urologic, bowel, and vessel injuries, were found in both groups. Gasless SPA laparoscopy using a J-shaped retractor appears to offer a better alternative to conventional SPA laparoscopy that avoids the potential negative effects of carbon dioxide gas in selected cases.

OC16.03: Effects of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) insufflation for fetoscopy on the amniotic fluid and fetal membranes

OC16.03: Effects of carbon dioxide gas <b>(</b>CO₂) insufflation for fetoscopy on the amniotic fluid and fetal membranes

Suppression effect of decarburization by dry-ice blasting on plasma-sprayed steel coatings: Structure, wear performance and magnetic properties

Steel coatings prepared by atmospheric thermal spraying with dry-ice blasting were studied in terms of phase structure, magnetic and wear behaviors. It was found that dry-ice blasting could suppress the volatilization of carbon during spraying process due to the exclusion effect of carbon dioxide gas sublimated from dry-ice pellets on the oxygen. Moreover, the fractographic observation of the deposited coatings proved the removal effect of dry-ice blasting on the splashing particulates which were distributed with poor bonding strength between the splat layers. In addition, it has been found that the magnetic properties are sensitive to the direction in the coating, although steel coating presents a ferromagnetic character in the parallel and vertical directions. Steel coating deposited with dry-ice blasting possesses a relatively lower saturation magnetization but has a superior wear resistance because of the suppression of decarburization during the spraying process.

Marangoni convection and weld shape variations in He–CO2 shielded gas tungsten arc welding on SUS304 stainless steel

Bead-on-plate GTA welding (gas tungsten arc welding) on a SUS304 substrate is carried out to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide gas in the helium base shielding on the oxygen content in the weld pool and the weld shape variations. Experimental results show that small addition of carbon dioxide to the shielding gas can precisely adjust the weld metal oxygen content and change the weld shape from wide shallow type to narrow deep one when the weld pool oxygen content is over the critical value, which is from 68 to 82 ppm, due to the Marangoni convection reversal from the outward to inward mode on the pool surface. The weld depth/width ratio increases two times suddenly when the carbon dioxide content in the torch gas is over 0.4 or 0.2% for 1 mm or 3 mm arc length, respectively. The GTA weld shape depends to a large extent on the pattern and magnitude of the Marangoni convection on the pool surface, which is influenced by the active element oxygen content in the SUS304 pool, temperature coefficient of the surface tension (dσ/dT), and the temperature gradient on the pool surface (dT/dr, r is the radius of the weld pool surface). Changing the welding parameters will alter the temperature distribution and gradient on the pool surface, and thus, affect the magnitude of the Marangoni convection and the final weld shape.

The effect of male sandfly pheromone and host factors as attractants for female Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Abstract Male Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz &amp; Neiva) pheromone extracted from tergal glands combined with heat, carbon dioxide gas and hamster urine was found to be attractive to virgin female sandflies. The host factors if offered in the absence of pheromone or a heat source were, however, unattractive to female flies. Pheromone stored for 6 days and then combined with the same host components remained attractive to female flies but storage failed to enhance its attractiveness. The effects of carbon dioxide gas, hamster urine, chicken uropygial gland extract and octenol plus acetone on the responses of females were inconsistent. A ceramic battery powered heat source was tested with pheromone and host attractants and showed potential for field application in developing a pheromone trap.

Synergistic effect of ozone and carbon dioxide gases for sterilizing food.

The synergistic effect of ozone and carbon dioxide gases on the sterilization of food was investigated. Raw beef, fresh cucumber and an agar plate of Escherichia coli were sterilized with a mixture of ozone and carbon dioxide gases in polyvinyl chloride film bags and stored.In both direct sterilization tests and the storage tests, the survival percents for the mixed gases of ozone and carbon dioxide were lower than for those of the individual gas.The reasons for this synergistic effect were considered to be that the bacteriocidal effect of ozone gas was retained during storage period by the quenching effect of carbon dioxide gas to the chain reaction of ozone degradation, any by the bacteriostatic effect of carbon dioxide gas. The mixture of ozone and carbon dioxide gases sterilized both the surface and the inside of the food and the agar plate at the same time.

Effect of Carbon Dioxide Gas on Soil Suspension as to Extraction of Cations

Effect of Carbon Dioxide Gas on Soil Suspension as to Extraction of Cations

Effect of carbon dioxide gas on respiration of the confused flour beetle.

Concentrations of CO2 gas in the immediate surroundings play an important role in insect respiration by directing the spiracular openings. In fleas, Xenopsylla spp., the addition of 1% CO2 to outside air prolonged the spiracular opening period ca. 50%, and the addition of 2% caused the permanent opening of spiracles (Wigglesworth 1965). Similarly at this laboratory, while working with the effectiveness of different fumigants, we noticed that high CO2 concentration in surrounding atmospheres increased the fumigant toxicity, probably by interfering with normal respiratory behavior and physiology of insects (AliNiazee and Lindgren 1969). Preliminary studies were conducted to determine the rate of respiration of the adult confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, in high CO2 atmospheres by measuring their CO2 output in small glass containers.

The effect of carbon dioxide gas on the content of ammonia, glutamine, and urea in the blood of amimals after injection of solutions of ammonium chloride

The author studied the influence of carbon dioxide on the concentration of ammonium, glutamine, and urea in rabbit's blood. He showed that administration of ammonium chloride to rabbits in doses of 0.1 g/kg of body weight 0.25g/kg, 0.4g/kg and 0.5g/kg leads to a corresponding rise of ammonium, glutamine and urea in the blood. When rabbits are placed into a chamber containing 7–8% carbon dioxide, ammonium is neutralized with simultaneous increase in the formation of glutamine and urea. Inspiration of carbon dioxide prevents cramps and death in rabbits after administration of large doses of ammonium chloride.

Physiological effects of carbon dioxide gas introduced into coronary arteries.

Carbon dioxide gas is well tolerated when introduced directly into coronary arteries of anesthetized dogs. There were no fatalities in either normal or freshly infarcted hearts. Intracoronary carbon dioxide gas produced no persisting changes in the electrocardiogram or in blood pressure when injected slowly. Rapid injections under pressure produced extrasystoles at the time of injection and caused some subsequent changes of short duration in the electrocardiogram. These short duration changes were alterations of S-T segment deviations (which purposely had been produced previously in the control period) toward a more normal configuration. During this same period of time coupled extrasystoles produced in the control period were suppressed.

Inhibition of Gastric and Cecal Peristalsis in Rabbit by CO2 + O2 Inhalations

The effect of carbon dioxide gas upon the motility of the gastro-intestinal canal has been studied chiefly on excised sections of the gut or by the ingestion of water saturated with CO2 or by the intragastric injection of the gas itself. As far as we know the effect of CO2 + O2 inhalations upon gastric and cecal motility induced by the intragastric injection of air or by the subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine or physostigmine has not been reported. Furthermore, it may be emphasized that the results to be reported were obtained without opening the peritoneal cavity or the use of balloons but simply by inspection of the intact abdomen. The method is a slight modification of one described sometime ago: preliminary narcotization to reduce or abolish the inhibitory effects of external stimuli; to accomplish this 150 mg sodium barbital per kilo were injected subcutaneously about 30 minutes before the test; after cutting the abdominal hair, which is readily done with a blunt-pointed scissors curved on the flat, both the cecum and most of the stomach including the preantrum may be easily observed through the intact abdominal wall; the antrum itself is not visible, but its contraction is readily indicated by a bulging of the preantrum. If the stomach was not well-filled, 60-120 cc air were injected into this viscus through a hypodermic needle plunged through the abdominal wall. The gas mixtures were 50% each CO2 and O2 delivered from tanks at a rate of 150-300 cc per minute each; this gas mixture was administered to the rabbit through a funnel held at such a distance over the nose or the tracheal tube that the respirations were definitely deepened. All observations were 5 minutes long: before, during and after the gas administration.