Bridging Effect Research Articles

Study on seismic performance of the prefabricated shear wall with different reinforcement methods based on recycled bead steel wires

In this study, two sets of low shear-to-span ratio prefabricated shear wall specimens were constructed, and recycled tire bead steel wires were used to create different kinds of shear wall reinforcement. Two enhancement methods were proposed in this study: one focusing on the reinforcement of the concrete substrate: the bead steel wires made of truncated short straight steel fibers mixed into the shear wall; the other focusing on the reinforcement of the steel reinforcements: the bead steel wires truncated to the length of the transverse reinforcement to the formation of steel wire tendons, and the original transverse reinforcement of the wall to create a kind of ‘combined transverse stress reinforcement’. The effects of different reinforcement methods based on recycled bead steel wires on the specimens’ seismic performance were examined by comparing the specimens’ damage modes, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, and other metrics using pseudo-static testing. The specimens with recycled bead steel fibers were subjected to diagonal compression damage and showed better crack arresting and deformation capacity. Specimens utilizing recycled bead wire tendons as reinforcement material experienced shear-compression damage and had higher load-carrying capacity and stiffness. The specimens with recycled bead steel wire tendons demonstrated a reduction in cracking displacement, an increase in cracking load of 7.6%, an increase in peak load of 3.9%, an increase in peak displacement of 10.5%, and an increase in ultimate displacement of 10.9% in comparison to the specimens with recycled bead steel fibers. The recycled bead steel fibers added to the concrete demonstrated a greater ‘bridging effect’, which prevented cracks from forming and considerably lessened the specimens’ residual deformation. ABAQUS was used to further examine the impact of the position of recycled bead wire tendons and the simultaneous arrangement of recycled bead steel fibers and recycled bead wire tendons on the seismic performance of shear walls. When the recycled bead wire tendons were used with the transverse reinforcement, the specimen’s seismic performance improved greater than when they were used with the vertical reinforcement. The specimen’s seismic performance was significantly improved when the recycled bead steel wire tendons and recycled bead steel fiber were combined. This study can offer new ideas for enhancing assembled shear walls’ seismic performance as well as a new approach to the use of solid waste resources.

Improvement of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Matrix with Nanocellulose for Reduced Autogenous Shrinkage and Enhanced Mechanical Properties

Despite its numerous benefits and considerable potential, ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) faces challenges in wider application due to significant autogenous shrinkage deformation. Typically, efforts to inhibit UHPC autogenous shrinkage may compromise its mechanical properties through the utilization of various internal curing agents, presenting a contradictory situation. To overcome this situation, we explored the utilization of nanocellulose materials, which led to improvements in reducing autogenous shrinkage and enhancing mechanical properties. Experimental findings reveal that incorporating a cellulose nanofiber-2 suspension presents a significant improvement, even at minimal dosages. Specifically, relative to the control group, autogenous shrinkage diminishes by at least 62.2%, while mechanical properties at 28d are increased by nearly 10% in NC-3 group. The potential microscopic mechanisms were investigated, revealing that the cellulose nanofiber-2 suspension acts by decelerating the initial hydration rate (before the acceleration period) and subsequently enhancing the nucleation and growth of hydration products (after the acceleration period). In addition, capillary pressure can be effectively decreased by reducing the volume of nanopores and surface tension of the pore solution. Combined with the rigid support and bridging effects after water release, the incorporation of a cellulose nanofiber-2 suspension can significantly inhibit the development of autogenous shrinkage while improving mechanical properties. This novel nano-engineering strategy not only promotes wider industrial applications of UHPC but also holds considerable promise for future advancements.

Investigation of scale effects of rock bridges based on Multi-Physical field monitoring

The presence of rock bridges is crucial for ensuring the stability of rock slopes. However, evaluating the mechanical properties of rock bridges solely based on the joint persistence coefficient (K) raises doubts due to potential variations in the scales of rock bridges within a rock mass with a constant K value. In this study, direct shear tests with different scales were carried out on sandstone specimens. Acoustic Emission (AE) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques were utilized to monitor the damage procession of the specimens. The evolution process of the specimen was divided into stages and three threshold points were determined based on AE parameters. As the scale decreased, the Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) increased, the tensile failure increased, and the shear failure decreased. As the normal stress increased, the JRC with the same scale decreased, the tensile failure decreased, and the shear failure increased. The change of fracture mechanism was the primary reason for the strength deterioration with decreasing scales. The decrease of the scale was not conducive to the failure prediction. By improving the rock bridge failure potential (RBP) index, the proposed RBPn index could appropriately characterize scale effects under different normal stresses.

On the hygrothermal environment of spaces with exposed walls – thermal bridging effect of mortar layers of cement and lime

On the hygrothermal environment of spaces with exposed walls – thermal bridging effect of mortar layers of cement and lime

Mechanical properties of Halloysites-based and Halloysites-modified slag/fly ash-based geopolymers

Halloysite is an affordable natural mineral clay with a nanotubular structure and surface reactivity, giving it strong industrialization potential. This study investigated how the calcination temperature (0°C-850 °C) affected the properties of halloysite and geopolymers derived from calcined halloysite, then as a modified material, the performances of a slag/fly-ash geopolymer with halloysite calcined at different temperatures were compared. Finally, the effects of halloysite curing temperature (20°C-80 °C) and mass content (0.25%–1.5 %) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the slag/fly-ash geopolymer were studied. The results show that the calcination temperature of 750 °C was optimal for stimulating the halloysite's activity, leading to the highest compressive strength of 42.7 MPa of the halloysite-based geopolymer. Uncalcined halloysite was the most suitable reinforcement for slag/fly-ash geopolymer because it retains relatively intact tubular structure, and its chemical bonding at the interface with geopolymers ensured good reinforcing properties. The bridging effect derived from tubular structure of halloysite led to a more noticeable enhancement of flexural strength. To prevent agglomeration from too much tubular halloysite, 1.0 % content was found to be optimal. The compressive and flexural strengths reached 62.5 MPa and 3.83 MPa, respectively, which were 9.84 % and 35.8 % higher than that without halloysite. Furthermore, with increasing curing temperature, the strength of the halloysite-modified geopolymer reached its peak at 60 °C. For 1.0 % halloysite modified geopolymer, the compressive strength was 87.0 MPa and the flexural strength was 4.56 MPa, respectively, which were 39.2 % and 19.1 % higher than that at the curing temperature of 20 °C.

In situ construction of CuBi-MOF derived heterojunctions with electron-rich effects enhances localized CO2 enrichment integrated with Si photocathodes for CO2 reduction

Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 (PEC-CO2RR) to fuels or industrial feedstocks using photocathodes is a promising approach to addressing the climate crisis and energy shortage. The design of photocathode with suitable band structure and robust CO2 capture remains challenging. In this work, a Cu2O@Bi-300 (CuBi-300) catalyst was prepared in situ using Bi-MOF as a template, and a CuBi-300/Si photocathode was constructed. Due to the bridging effect of Cu-O-Bi bonds and the existence of the coordination unsaturated Bi sites, CuBi-300/Si exhibits excellent photoelectrochemical properties and reaction kinetics. The formate yield of CuBi-300/Si (101.1 µmol cm−2 h−1, Faraday efficiency = 95 %) are 10.2 times higher than those of Bi-300/Si at −0.3 V vs RHE, along with excellent stability for 50 hours. In situ FTIR and density functional theory calculations indicate that the Cu2O-induced formation of electron-rich Bi enhances CO2 chemisorption and stabilizes the key intermediate (*COOH). This work presents a novel approach for developing high-performance, low-energy consumption PEC-CO2RR photocathode devices by in situ constructing heterojunctions to simultaneously enhance photovoltaic properties and CO2 adsorption.

Statistical Evaluation of Uniform Temperature and Thermal Gradients for Composite Girder of Tibet Region Using Meteorological Data

To accurately assess the temperature action and effect of steel-concrete composite girder bridges in plateau and cold areas, this paper investigated nearly 50 years of historical meteorological data from 26 meteorological observation stations in the Tibet region of China. Based on the most unfavorable extreme meteorological data at each meteorological station, a finite element model was used to analyze the temperature field of the composite girder. The most unfavorable values of temperature were obtained. The regional differences in temperature actions at different meteorological stations were analyzed, and the isotherm maps of the extreme values of the uniform temperature and thermal gradients were further obtained based on spatial interpolation methods in the ArcGIS program. The study shows that the uniform temperature is significantly affected by the climatic environment, and the isotherm maps provide a visual representation of the geographic distribution pattern of temperature extremes. The maximum and minimum uniform temperatures in Tibet range from 18.28 °C to 42.27 °C and from −41.07 °C to 4.71 °C respectively. The maximum regional difference of positive and negative thermal gradient reaches 11.32 °C and 7.69 °C respectively. The temperature effects calculated using the most unfavorable values of the isotherm map are all more unfavorable than the specification calculations. In particular, the tensile stress of the concrete under the positive thermal gradient reaches 2.91 MPa, which exceeds the standard value of the tensile strength of concrete. This is a significant risk factor for cracking. The compressive stress of the steel girder under a negative thermal gradient reaches 19.35 MPa, which represents a 136% increase compared to the specified value. This increase elevates the risk of instability in the steel girder.

The reinforcing effect of carbon fibers on the mechanical properties of aluminum‐carbon fibers composite sheet prepared by the accumulative roll bonding method

AbstractThe 3 K and 6 K (meaning that 3000 or 6000 carbon filaments are contained in one bundle) carbon fibers were embedded by pure aluminum sheets to have a sandwich composite structure under the accumulative roll bonding method. The tensile and cupping tests were carried out to reveal the strengthening mechanism of carbon fibers embedded in the aluminum+carbon fibers composite sheets. The improvements of ultimate tensile and cupping strengths of aluminum+carbon fibers composite sheets reached to be as high as 48 % and 38 %, compared with that of as‐received sheets. With the detailed observation of the tensile and cupping fractures, the underlying strengthening mechanism comes from the bridging effect of carbon fibers during tensile and cupping tests. The accumulative roll bonding method was approved to be an effective way for aluminum+carbon fibers composite sheets preparation with higher tensile and cupping strength.

The spatial impact of high bridges on travel accessibility and economic integration in Guizhou, China: a scenario-based analysis

As crucial fixed links of the transportation systems, high bridges play an essential role in overcoming geographical barriers in mountainous areas. Despite their importance, comprehensive evaluations of the collective spatial-temporal effects of multiple high bridges across broad regions are lacking. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the impact of 295 high bridges in Guizhou, China, on travel accessibility and economic potential through spatial analysis under scenarios with and without these bridges. The aim is to quantify their contributions to accessibility and assess their impacts on regional economic integration from 2000 to 2020. The findings reveal that high bridges significantly improved travel accessibility and economic potential within counties, with the average contributions being the greatest for the period 2010–2015 within the whole study period. High bridge construction promoted accessibility convergence and economic integration, reducing regional disparities. The decline in the coefficient of variation (CV) of accessibility demonstrated a converging effect; while the CV of economic potential showed an initial growth followed by a decline. Economically disadvantaged counties gained the most in accessibility and economic potential, highlighting the role of high bridges in regional integration. This study proposes a framework for accurately measuring the economic benefits of high bridges, providing insights for future transport planning in isolated mountainous counties and supporting economic development in regions with underdeveloped transportation infrastructure.

Backwater effect in lowland regions due to bridge structure: a case study of Shreekhandapur, Kavre, Nepal

Abstract. The backwater effect can be caused by a number of factors, including the bridge's pier width and deck level. In lowland regions, the backwater effect can be particularly problematic, as it can lead to flooding and inundation of farmlands and houses. This study examines the impact of bridge structure on the backwater effect in the lowland region of Shreekhandapur, Kavre, Nepal. The study area is characterized by a hill slope and inner river valley, with a gentle river profile that results in low flow velocity and increased deposition. The study compares the backwater effect of an old demolished bridge with four piers of 1.2 m width and abutments on both sides to a new bridge with a single pier of 0.4 m width and a deck level that is 1 m higher. HEC-RAS software was used to analyse the steady flow and create a flood hazard map. The results show that the new bridge with a reduced pier width and increased deck level significantly reduces the backwater effect. The flood hazard map shows that the new bridge along with floodwalls reduces the potential hazard-prone areas by up to 50 %. The findings of this study can be applied to disaster mitigation and bridge design in lowland regions. By reducing pier width and increasing deck level, bridges can be designed to minimize the backwater effect and reduce the risk of flooding.

Spalling behavior in ultra-high performance concrete: multi-technique insights and multi-scale fiber-rubber mitigation strategies

Explosive spalling of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) at elevated temperatures is one of the main problems limiting its application. While the intrinsic mechanism governing the spalling is determined by the UHPC matrix. Therefore, in this paper, multi-technique characterization approaches, i.e., acoustic signal characteristics, fractal characteristics of spalling fragments, and thermal cracks are employed to quantitatively characterize the spalling of the UHPC matrix. The effects of moisture content, heating rate, geometric characteristics of specimens, mineral admixtures, crumb rubber content, and fibers on concrete spalling are investigated to reveal the explosive spalling mechanism, reduce the risk of explosive spalling, and develop a spalling-resistant material. The waveform, cumulative energy, and spectrum of the spalling acoustic signal are used to assess the intensity of concrete spalling. The results show that the UHPC matrix with high moisture content, high heating rate, and large specimen size undergoes violent spalling events characterized by larger amplitude and smaller frequencies of acoustic signals. Incorporating crumb rubber increases the spalling events in the frequency range of 8000–10000 Hz, which plays a positive role in alleviating spalling. Meanwhile, the fractal characteristics of spalling fragments and thermal cracks can also quantitatively reflect the intensity of concrete spalling (i.e., the larger the fractal dimension, the more severe spalling). By minimizing the moisture content and heating rate, as well as increasing rubber content, the spalling fragments can be larger and the fractal dimension can be reduced. It is also found that saturated specimens spall with significant cumulative energy. While the specimens with a large size and low moisture content spall with lower cumulative energy and an increase in the proportion of spalling fragments in the small particle size range. A higher heating rate and larger specimens can induce a higher thermal stress, which can be more likely to spall explosively. While a lower moisture content can result in explosive spalling at a higher heating rate. Hence, it is believed that thermal stress can be the dominant factor affecting explosive spalling and the moisture content can be an accelerator. The addition of multi-scale fibers completely prevents explosive spalling by releasing vapor pressure from the channels created by fiber melting and improving the tensile strength of concrete, which also effectively restricts the thermal cracking of UHPC due to their hybrid bridging effects.

Thermally regulated flocculation-coalescence process by temperature-responsive cationic polymeric surfactant for enhanced crude oil-water separation

Polymeric surfactants play a crucial role in the flocculation-assisted coalescence process due to their unique bridging effect. However, the steric hindrance induced by their large molecules severely impedes the coalescence of oil droplets. Herein, temperature-responsive polymeric surfactants (quaternary ammonium chitosan-g-PNIPAM, Q-g-PN) with thermally-modulated structure were designed by integrating thermal responsive moieties onto cationic chitosan. The as-prepared Q-g-PN exhibited enhanced oil-water separation efficiency through a thermally regulated flocculation-coalescence process. At low temperatures, the thermal-responsive Q-g-PN remains in a flexible hydrophilic extended state, facilitating the flocculation of dispersed oil droplets through bridging via electrostatic interaction. At high temperatures, the Q-g-PN structure collapses into a hydrophobic coil state, reducing steric hindrance and enhancing hydrogen bonding to asphaltenes, thus effectively promoting oil droplet coalescence. Bottle tests demonstrated that the demulsification performance of Q-g-PN could reach up to 94 % with the Q-g-PN concentration only of 0.001 wt% via the proposed temperature-regulated flocculation-coalescence process, which was further confirmed by investigating oil droplet behavior and phase transition of Q-g-PN during through molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of the reaction process. This work presents new insights into enhancing oil-water separation efficiency by regulating the flocculation-coalescence process through precise modulation of the molecular interactions between polymeric surfactants and emulsion droplets.

Deciphering the Roles of Molecular Weight and Carboxyl Richness of Organic Matter on Their Adsorption onto Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles and the Resulting Aggregation.

The aggregation behavior of ferrihydrite nanoparticles (FNPs) can control the fate of associated aqueous contaminants, trace elements, and organic compounds. However, FNP aggregation is difficult to predict in the presence of organic matter (OM), given the heterogeneity in the OM properties. Five model OMs based on (poly)acrylic acid (PAA or AA) and polyethylene glycol with or without terminal carboxyl groups (PEG or PEGbis, respectively) were chosen to probe the influence of key OM properties─specifically, carboxyl richness and molecular weight (MW)─and the dominant mechanisms by which they influence OM adsorption onto FNPs and the resulting aggregation. For OMs with similar MWs, those with a higher carboxyl richness adsorbed more extensively onto FNPs: PAA2k > PEGbis > PEG. Meanwhile, for OMs with the same carboxyl richness, higher MW OMs adsorbed more: PAA25k > PAA2k > AA. Furthermore, the subsequent aggregation of FNPs was largely controlled by the adsorbed mass. OMs with negligible adsorption (i.e., PEG and AA) did not change the aggregation behavior of FNPs. For OMs with low carboxyl richness (PEGbis), accelerated aggregation occurred through a bridging effect with low adsorbed mass. For OMs with high carboxyl richness (PAA2k and PAA25k), aggregation was accelerated at moderate adsorbed OM masses by patch-charge attraction and was inhibited with high adsorbed OM mass due to steric repulsion. This study provided new insights into understanding and predicting the transport and fate of FNPs and natural organic matter (NOM) in natural environments with various NOM compositions.

Collective Action, Climate Change Adaptation, and Green Job Creation in South Florida

ABSTRACT The study draws from the bonding and bridging effects to investigate (1) collaboration for green job creation, (2) climate change adaptation for green job creation, and (3) increases in green job creation among local governments. It uses survey data from South Florida cities and employs one-way ANOVA, crosstabs, and chi-squares tests in analyzing the data. The findings show that the bonding effect, rather than the bridging effect, contributes to collaboration for green jobs that also address climate change challenges in South Florida. The study contributes to the literature on creating a collective green economy in response to climate change challenges.

Enhancing the resilience of cement mortar: Investigating Nano-SiO2 size and hybrid fiber effects on sulfuric acid resistance

This article explores fortifying cement mortars against severe sulfuric acid (SLA) attacks by studying the impact of nano-SiO2 (NS), macro-steel (ST), and micro-polypropylene (PP) fibers. The aim is to assess their effects on workability, physical attributes, mechanical properties, and durability against SLA attacks when incorporated into mortar blends. Replacing 1 % of cement weight with NS, having average particle diameters of 15 nm (nm) (NS15) and 55 nm (NS55), and utilizing macro-ST and micro-PP fibers at volumes of 0.5 % and 1 % in singular and hybrid forms resulted in significant changes in mortar characteristics. While these additives increased fresh mortar viscosity and negatively affected workability, they substantially boosted mortar strength and durability against SLA attacks. The most substantial improvements were observed using smaller NS particle sizes and employing hybrid ST/PP fibers. The formation of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) bonds by NS within the network emerged as a pivotal factor. NS's high pozzolanic activity and void-filling capacity significantly enhanced the mortars' strength and durability against SLA attacks. Furthermore, instead of their singular application, the combined use of ST and PP fibers proved more effective in restraining micro and macro cracks within the mortar matrix. The bridging effect of hybrid ST/PP fibers delayed crack propagation throughout the network, highlighting their superior efficiency against SLA attacks.Overall, these findings hold promise for designing cement-based composites resilient to harsh, acidic environments. Using smaller NS particles and hybrid fiber combinations presents potential pathways to prolong service life in challenging conditions.

Interfacial lignin glued cellulose/aramid nanofiber membranes: Combing toughness, stability, and dye rejection performances

Nanoscale cellulose-based membranes have been considered as perfect candidates for organic dye separation attributed to their sustainability, high aspect ratio, and nanoscale designation. However, as natural polysaccharide, nanocellulose still suffers from drawbacks like brittleness and vulnerability. In this work, the tough and stable lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) based composite membranes were fabricated by introducing lignin modified aramid nanofibers (DANFs) as reinforcing agents. Being benefit from the interfacial lignin bridging effects, the noncovalent interactions (e.g., H-bond and π-π stacking) between LCNFs and DANFs strengthened, and the resultant composite membranes presented enhanced tensile strength (∼186.9 MPa, 6.3 time higher than LCNFs membranes), toughness (∼9.28 MJ/m3, 105 time higher than LCNFs membranes), Young’s modulus (∼8.43 GPa, 4.6 time higher than LCNFs membranes), as well as the optimized stabilities (in organic, acidic and alkali conditions). Combing all these advantages, the composite membranes demonstrated promising dye rejection performances toward methyl violet (a reject rate of ∼98.54 % and a flux of ∼29.76 L•m−2•h−1•bar−1), and can removal 63.08 % of methyl violet after 10 recycles. Thus, this research paves a simple and efficient way to made strong LCNFs-based separation membranes that are suitable as dye separator in harsh environments.

Mode I fatigue delamination growth behavior and model for multidirectional laminates with the same overall stiffness

In order to isolate the influence of ply orientation on the mode I fatigue delamination propagation behavior of carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates, multidirectional laminates with the same overall stiffness are designed while three different interfaces (0//0, 45//45, and 90//90), which can avoid the coupling effect of remote plies. Test results show that the fatigue delamination behavior is obviously affected by the interface angle. In addition, a novel and simple method for determining the fatigue delamination resistance is proposed. The measured fatigue delamination resistance is lower than the quasi-static one for all interfaces. The specimen with 45//45 interface exhibits more significant delamination resistance, whereas the delamination resistances of specimens with 0/0 and 90//90 interfaces are similar, which is consistent with the phenomenon of more bridging fibers accompanying in the delamination process of 45//45 interface. In order to consider the effect of fiber bridging and reduce the dispersion of the data, experimental data are further processed using a normalized model considering the effect of fiber bridging. The normalized results can be characterized by a single curve, suggesting that the normalized model is effective in describing the fatigue delamination behavior in the presence of fiber bridging.

Parametric Investigation of Load-Induced Cross-Frame Fatigue Effects in Composite Steel I-Girder Bridges

Parametric Investigation of Load-Induced Cross-Frame Fatigue Effects in Composite Steel I-Girder Bridges

Enhancement of recycled aggregate concrete properties through the incorporation of nanosilica and natural fibers

This study introduces an innovative approach to enhancing recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) by incorporating nanosilica (NS) and natural fibers (NF), specifically sisal fiber (SF) and palm fiber (PF). This novel combination aims to overcome the inherent limitations of RAC, such as reduced strength and durability, while promoting sustainability in construction. The research focuses on evaluating the mechanical properties of RAC, including compressive and flexural strengths, through the integration of NS and NF. Our findings reveal that NS significantly improves the microstructure of RAC by enhancing the interface transition zone (ITZ) and filling nanovoids, resulting in a denser and more durable concrete matrix. Specifically, the addition of 3 % NS increased the compressive strength of RAC by up to 22.5 % and the flexural strength by up to 25.6 % at a 100 % replacement ratio of recycled aggregate. The addition of NF, treated to withstand the alkaline environment of concrete, further strengthens the RAC by providing a bridging effect that enhances flexural strength by up to 46.7 %. This work not only advances the performance of recycled concrete but also aligns with the broader goal of environmental sustainability by utilizing waste materials and reducing the carbon footprint of concrete production. The findings have the potential to influence future construction practices, encouraging the adoption of more durable and eco-friendly building materials.

General Approach to Hydrolysis Resistive Aluminum Nitride and Its High-Performance Thermal Interface Materials.

Aluminum nitride (AlN), noted for its excellent thermal conductivity and exceptional electrical insulation, presents a promising alternative to traditional ceramic particles in thermal interface materials (TIMs). However, its broader adoption in practical applications is limited by performance degradation due to the vulnerability of its crystal structure to ubiquitous moisture. This study introduces a dual solution, utilizing a mechanochemical method to design a dense outer layer of Galinstan liquid metal (LM) that simultaneously enhances AlN's resistance to hydrolysis and improves its thermal performance in TIM applications. The high surface free energy of the LM layer imparts hydrophobic properties to the AlN surface and, combined with outer metal oxides, forms a dual-layer protective barrier that prevents water penetration, significantly enhancing the TIM's long-term stability in high-humidity conditions. Additionally, the LM layer at the interface improves the thixotropic properties of the TIM and enhances interfacial heat transport through the bridging effect of the LM, resulting in improved rheological mobility and thermal conductivity of the composite material. This win-win surface modification strategy opens opportunities for the practical and durable application of AlN in widespread electronic thermal management.