Effectiveness Of Breast Self-examination Research Articles

Knowledge, attitude, practice towards breast self-examination and associated factors among women in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: a community-based study

IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Breast self-examination is one of the non-invasive methods of screening in which a woman looks at her breast for any abnormal findings like lumps, distortions, or swellings. Despite, realized effects of breast self-examination in detecting breast cancer earlier, the vast majority of the cases still present with an advanced stage.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices toward breast self-examination and associated factors among women in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on women living in Gondar town. A simple random sampling method was used to select 571 participants. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used where a p-value < 0.05 was used to identify variables significantly associated with the outcome variable.ResultFrom the total of 571 women, about 541 participants were involved in the study with a response rate of 94.7%. Of these, 56%, 46% and 45.8% of women had adequate knowledge, favourable attitudes, and performed breast self-examination (BSE) respectively. Women College and above AOR: 3.8 (95% CI: 1.43–10.14) and spouses College and above AOR: 3.03 (95% CI: 1.04–8.84), Women College and above AOR: 4.18 (95% CI: 1.59–10.92) and history of breast cancer AOR: 6.06 (95% CI: 2.19–16.74) and knowledge level AOR: 2.67 (95% CI: 1.18–6.04) were significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards breast self-examination respectively.ConclusionThe findings of this study were considerable for inadequate knowledge, unfavourable attitude and poor practice towards BSE among women. Emphasis should be made on boosting the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the women toward breast self-examination and strengthening the implementation of comprehensive, systematic, and continuous BSE educational programs that were recommended along with a breast cancer awareness campaign.

The Effect of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Class on Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Adolescent Girls

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer incidence in 2008 to 2012 was increased from 12.7 million cases to 14.2 million cases. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world after cardiovascular disease. It is estimated that in 2030 the incidence of cancer will increase to 26 million people and 17 people die of cancer. This research aimed to determine the effect of BSE classes on knowledge and practice of BSE among female students in Senior High School 104 East Jakarta in 2020. This research was a quantitative study with an analytical survey method with the Quasi Experimental approach. The sample in this study was 30 people. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The research instrument consisted of questionnaire data and BSE observation sheets. The results of the paired t test found that the effect of BSE Class on BSE Knowledge and Practice among female students where ρ &lt;ά = (0,000 &lt;0.05). There was an effect of BSE Classes on Student’s Knowledge and Practice. Adolescent girls are expected to increase their knowledge about breast self-examination and breast cancer which can be obtained from counseling in the nearest health services, namely about the benefits and how to practice breast self-exam.

The Relationship Of Breast Examination Examination Using Video Media With Adolescent's Knowledge About Breading In Simpang Four Village,Sei Rampah District In 2020

Cancer is one of the non-communicable diseases that is a burden on health throughout the world. Cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal cells that can grow uncontrollably and have the ability to invade and move between cells and body tissues. The World Health Organization/World Health Organization mentions cancer as one of the main causes of death worldwide (Ministry of Health, 2019). Breast cancer early detection activities can use the Clinical Breast Examination (SADANIS) or Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) method and by teaching Breast Self- Examination (BSE). SADANIS and BSE aim to find lumps in the breast as early as possible so that early action can be taken (Kemenkes, 2015). The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between Breast Self-Examination Extension Using Video Media and Adolescent Knowledge About Consciousness in Simpang Empat Village, Sei Rampah Subdistrict in 2020. The type of research used was a quasi-experimental type of research using a one group pretest posttest design with the man witney test. U. The sample size in this study was 49 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the results of research analysis in the group before and after the intervention, the average value of the knowledge of the respondents before receiving counseling was 63.81, while the average value after receiving counseling was 35.19. After the statistical test was carried out, the Mann Witney U test results obtained p value = 0.000 (p &lt;0.05) meaning that there was an effect of breast self-examination (BSE) counseling using video on respondents' knowledge.

Impact of regular Breast Self-Examination on breast cancer size, stage, and mortality in Thailand.

Impact of regular Breast Self-Examination on breast cancer size, stage, and mortality in Thailand.

Effectiveness of breast self-examination in diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer: A Meta-analysis of case-control studies

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of breast self-examination (BSE) in diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials on effectiveness of BSE were searched. Qualified studies were enrolled and RevMan5.0 was used to perform data analysis.Results Meta analysis results suggested that: compared with no breast self-examination, BSE had a statistically significant benefit in improving breast biopsy rate and detection rate of benign lesions, while no benefit in breast cancer mortality. Conclusions BSE plays an auxiliary role in the early diagnosis of breast cancer, while little benefit in the prognosis of patients. Key words: Breast self-examination; Breast cancer; Early diagnosis; Prognosis; Meta-analysis

Can an instruction video or palpation aid improve the effectiveness of breast self-examination in detecting tumors? An experimental study

Although large randomized trials have not shown benefits for breast self-examination (BSE), many organizations still endorse the practice. This study aimed to determine whether an instruction video or palpation aid improved the effectiveness of BSE. A total of 100 volunteers (50 men and 50 women) with no previous experience of BSE and/or clinical breast palpation were randomly assigned to the following intervention: instruction video seen versus not seen and use of palpation aids versus aids not used. Participants completed psychological trait and previous knowledge questionnaires before the intervention and/or breast examination. Examination was carried out on 24 different sized silicone breast forms, into 20 of which had been inserted tumor equivalents measuring 0.8-3.0 cm in diameter. The dependent variable was the rate of accurate tumor detection--the mean sum of correct positive hits (CPH)--defined as tumors detected within 20 s. Mean CPH values were then analyzed in relation to the interventions and other variables including gender and psychological measures (ANOVA and COVAR). Neither the instruction video nor interaction effects between gender and the instruction video influenced the mean CPH value. Furthermore, the palpation aid was strongly and significantly associated with a reduced detection (p=0.00003). Using an instruction video or palpation aid did not improve the effectiveness of breast examination in detecting tumors--a finding which supports results from large randomized studies. It is difficult to understand why BSE is still promoted by various groups.

Das Brustkrebs-Präventionsverhalten in der Schweiz: aus der Perspektive von Frauen aus drei Sprachregionen der Schweiz

Swiss women show, together with women from the Netherlands, France, Belgium, Sweden, Finland, England and Germany, a very high incidence of breast cancer in Europe. Whilst the evidence for primary cancer prevention is slowly growing, its strategies can not yet be implemented in clinical prevention programmes. Therefore, secondary prevention, early detection of cancer, remains the main focus for reducing breast cancer mortality. This is especially true because of the proven relationship between mortality and size of the primary tumour as well as the status of the axilla. Despite these facts, in contrast to the French part of Switzerland, breast cancer screening has not yet been implemented in the German and Italian part of Switzerland. It was the aim of this study to identify prevention measures used by women living in the German-, Italian- and French-speaking part of Switzerland and to explore their attitude towards breast cancer prevention measures. It was asked what these women knew about breast cancer prevention, what type of secondary prevention they used and who motivated them to do so. The investigation included 1721 women from three language regions of Switzerland. Data were collected with a postal survey questionnaire. Descriptive, uni- and multivariate methods were used for data analysis. The response rate was 34%. Statistically significant differences in breast self-examination were observed between the three regions (p = < 0.001) and defined age-groups (p = < or = 0.001). In all three regions of the country, 90% of women age 50-59 had mammograms, whereas in comparison to the other regions, fewer women from the German part of Switzerland, aged 60-69, had undergone mammography screening. Significant differences in mammography screening again were observed between language regions (p = < or = 0.001) and age-groups (p = < or = 0.001). Eighty-four percent of women were motivated by the gynaecologist to have a mammography, 11% by the family doctor and 10% of the women decided by themselves. More than half of this female Swiss study population wished to see a health policy providing mammography-screening in Switzerland and about one third wished to be more informed about the intervention. An increased need for information and education about prevention and early detection was observed in individuals who had a relative with cancer. The majority of women in this study wished to see a health policy in Switzerland which includes a mammography screening programme. Opportunistic mammography screening, lacking systematic quality control and data collection for epidemiological purposes, was widely used in the Italian and in the German speaking region. Data show that there is a need for public and professional information and education about prevention and early detection of breast cancer to prevent misconceptions regarding the effect of breast self-examination and mammography-screening. Womens' organisations and nurses may be in a good position to take up a leading role in breast cancer prevention.

Der Stellenwert der Brustselbstuntersuchung in der Früherkennung des Mammakarzinoms

Breast self-examination is a non-invasive, simple early-screening method for the detection of breast cancer. In Germany clinical breast examination and training for breast self-examination are part of a public early cancer detection program for women 30 years and older. Generally women have accepted breast self-examination as a means for early detection of breast cancer, but only 8 - 40% of women conduct it once a month. Recently, the Canadian Task Force on Periodic Health Examination excluded breast self-examination instruction from periodic health examinations, because the results of two large randomised controlled trials in Shanghai/China and in St. Petersburg/Russia, a quasi-randomised trial in Great Britain and a large cohort study in the United States have failed to show a reduction of mortality from breast cancer. A Canadian case-control study was unique in its prospective, objective assessment of self-examination practice. Specific aspects of technique were found to be associated with a reduced risk of death from breast cancer. This trial suggests that proper education in a standardized and evaluated breast self-examination technique might be an important factor in breast cancer prevention. Several studies examined the impact of psychological factors on breast self examination practice. They describe that worry and anxiety can motivate and inhibit self-protective behaviour. Few studies have examined the psychological effects of breast self-examination, that might be of particular interest for further research.

Breast self-examination: who teaches it, who is taught, and how often? (United States).

Although the effectiveness of breast self-examination (BSE) has not been established, it is widely practiced and taught. However, it is not clear which patients and providers are involved in BSE teaching, nor how often it occurs. We undertook this study at a large New England Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) to answer these questions. The study was a retrospective cohort of 2242 randomly selected women aged 40-69 with no history of breast cancer and at least one screening clinical breast examination, followed over a ten-year period, including their medical providers (n = 356). Data were collected via computerized medical records. Sixty-eight percent of women had documented BSE teaching at least once in the ten years, increasing from 13% taught in 1983 to 36% in 1993 (p = 0.001). Teaching was related to younger age, increasing numbers of clinical breast examinations, screening mammograms, and prior BSE teachings. Patient race, income, family history of breast cancer, and estrogen replacement use were not related to teaching. Sixty-one percent of all providers taught BSE at least once during the ten years. Internists (OR 6.37, 95% CI 2.23-17.3) and non-physician providers (OR 12.8, 95% CI 3.0-54.4) were more likely to teach at least half of their patients than were obstetrician-gynecologists. Recent medical school graduates taught BSE more often. Provider gender was not associated with teaching. Over two-thirds of women patients in this HMO setting were taught BSE and the majority of providers taught BSE at least once during the ten years. Rates of teaching tripled over the decade. It is important to establish the effectiveness of BSE and its appropriate role in breast cancer screening.

Effects of persuasive message order on coping with breast cancer information.

The current study explored the impact of varying the order of message components on coping with breast cancer information. In a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design, threat information, coping information and order of information were manipulated. College students read persuasive essays that varied in emphasis on threat of developing breast cancer and effectiveness of breast self-examination (BSE) in averting the threat of cancer. Participants who read the high-threat message reported higher intentions to perform BSE, more rational problem solving and more hopelessness than did those who read a low-threat message. The coping information messages produced a similar pattern of results. In addition, those who read the high-coping message reported less fatalism than did participants who read the low-coping message. When threat information was presented first, the high-threat message led to less hopelessness and reliance on religious faith than when the coping information was presented first. These results demonstrate the threatening health information energizes one to act in both adaptive and maladaptive ways, and that coping information decreases the tendency to respond maladaptively to the health threat. They also suggest that the order of presentation of the information may affect the extent to which people respond adaptively.

Toward a reliable measure of breast self-examination. Attitudes and performance barriers.

Breast self-examination (BSE) attitude scales are typically administered as part of face-to-face interviews or telephone surveys. The purpose of this study is to test the reliability (i.e., internal consistency) of a newly developed BSE scale that can be self-administered. The scale is made up of 24 items, each rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The scale items cover such issues as perceived seriousness and susceptibility to breast cancer, perceived effectiveness of breast self-examination, and personal barriers. Preliminary results were encouraging. Results of an exploratory factor analysis suggest that six factors may underlie this scale (common variance = 53%). Areas of item and scale improvements and implications for the use of this scale in health evaluation research are discussed.

Breast self-examination and survival from breast cancer: a prospective follow-up study.

A prospective study was conducted to investigate the possible effect of breast self-examination (BSE) on cause-of-death-specific survival rate of breast cancer patients. Six hundred and four breast cancer patients diagnosed in 1984-1986 in Finland, and applying for breast prostheses, were interviewed about both their BSE practices prior to cancer diagnosis and the actual method of tumor detection. No clear differences were observed in the stage distribution or cause of death-specific five-year survival rates between individuals with different BSE practices. After adjustment for potential confounders in the Cox proportional hazards analysis, no differences in risk of breast cancer death were observed for those who performed BSE monthly as compared to those who practised BSE less frequently or not at all. When the method of detection was taken into account, it turned out that only 34 (7.6 %) of the 448 regular BSE practisers had actually detected their cancers by means of BSE. Furthermore, no survival advantage was associated with detection of breast cancer by means of BSE. Those BSE practisers whose cancer was detected by BSE had a similar or slightly worse prognosis compared to BSE practisers whose cancer had been detected by other means. Our results suggest that BSE practice is not beneficial in terms of breast cancer survival, nor is detection of breast cancer by means of BSE. Conclusive evidence should, however, be obtained from prospective randomized studies of breast cancer mortality.

The effect of breast self-examination on breast cancer survival

purpose: To evaluate a year-long behavioral weight control program, used with and without an intermittent very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.patients and methods: Subjects (n = 93) were randomly assigned to 50-week treatment programs that used either a balanced low-calorie diet (LCD) of 1,000 to 1,200 kilocalories (kcal) per day throughout or included 2 12-week periods of a VLCD of 400 to 500 kcal per day alternating with the balanced LCD. Weight, glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipids were assessed at baseline, at the end of the year-long treatment, and at 2-year follow-up.results: Subjects in the VLCD program lost significantly more weight than did LCD subjects at the end of the 50-week program (14.2 kg versus 10.5 kg; P = 0.057) and remained off diabetes medication longer (P <0.05). These benefits of the VLCD were due primarily to the first 12 weeks of the diet; the second diet maintained, but did not increase, these effects. Subjects in both groups experienced marked improvements in glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors over the year-long program, but attendance declined in the latter weeks of treatment and weight was regained. There was also marked recidivism in both groups in the year following treatment.conclusions: The intermittent VLCD improved weight loss and glycemic control, but these effects were quite modest and do not appear to justify the clinical use of an intermittent VLCD. Moreover, lengthening treatment to a full year did not prevent relapse. Thus, further research is needed to develop a successful approach to long-term weight control.

Practice and effectiveness of breast self examination: A selective review of the literature (1977-1989)

From a review of the literature on studies on breast self examination (BSE), it is evident that BSE functions as an effective preventive health behavior. Only 19% to 40% of women practice BSE on a monthly basis, and there is no strong evidence that women who practice monthly BSE perform the procedure correctly. Confidence in BSE performance, prior BSE instruction, and finding some way to remember to do BSE were the factors most positively associated with frequent BSE practice. Women need to be given the facts about breast cancer and information about early detection methods and also need to be taught BSE in such a way that they feel confident in their BSE skills. The most effective way to teach BSE is to teach the woman on her own breasts. Since BSE is a skill, an accurate assessment of the learners' BSE techniques is necessary to adequately evaluate BSE teaching methods.

Education for breast self-examination: Why, who, what, and how?

Analysis of the continuing controversy about the value and effectiveness of breast self-examination is provided and suggestions are made about the kinds of data needed to establish it's effectiveness. Research data about characteristics of women who perform breast self-examination regularly and those who do not and about the usefulness of mass communication, group efforts, and individual approaches to obtain regular and correct self-examination are assessed. Research and educational efforts focusing on six activities are needed: (a) obtaining regular and correct breast self-examination practice by women, (b) reducing delay by women after suspicious findings, (c) teaching physicians to do correct breast examinations, (d) reducing delay by physicians in referring suspicious cases to surgeons, (e) reducing women's delay after referral, and (f) teaching surgeons to do breast examinations correctly and reducing their delay in beginning treatment. Most of the research reported deals with regularity of breast self-exam, while some deals with correctness. The only intraindividual variables that have differentiated consistently among regular and less-regular BSE practitioners have been knowledge and confidence of ability. Very little research has been carried out on the other five activities and is therefore sorely needed. Suggestions for desirable educational efforts in each of these six areas are made.

Breast self-examination practices and breast cancer survival

To determine the relation between breast self-examination and survival of breast cancer patients, the authors studied 1004 newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer patients in Vermont general hospitals from 1 July 1975 to 31 December 1982. More frequent breast self-examination was associated with a greater likelihood of the patient's detecting her own cancer, less delay from first symptom to histologic diagnosis, earlier clinical stage, smaller pathologic tumor size, and fewer axillary node metastases. At a median follow-up time of 52 months (maximum follow-up, 92 months), 14% of the breast self-examination performers had died of breast cancer versus 26% of the nonperformers (P less than 0.001 based on chi-square). The product limit survival curve for breast self-examination performers (N = 424) was significantly better (P less than 0.001 by log-rank test) than for breast self-examination nonperformers (N = 411). Survival at 5 years was 75% for breast self-examination performers versus 57% for the nonperformers. The significant survival differences persisted after adjusting for any combination of the covariates age, method of detection, family history of breast cancer, and delay in treatment (P less than 0.002). Lead-time would have to be at least 3 years to negate the apparent beneficial effects of breast self-examination on survival. The authors conclude that in this population of breast cancer patients, breast self-examination was related to earlier detection and improved survival.

Progress in manual breast examination.

Manual breast examination, despite recent advances in mechanical screening devices, remains a primary diagnostic procedure for early detection of breast cancer. The potential effectiveness of breast self-examination for reducing mortality relies on the effectiveness of a technology for training women to detect small tumors through manual palpation. Research indicates that although the regular practice of breast self-examination can lead to the detection of small tumors, current training methods are inadequate to ensure proper performance and maintain regular practice. An alternative interdisciplinary research and training approach, involving medicine, biomaterials engineering, psychophysics, and experimental psychology, is suggested. A dynamic lifelike breast model with variable lumps would provide the basis for generating systematic data regarding the factors affecting detection of small lumps and lead to development and evaluation of efficient and effective methods to teach manual examination.