Effect Of Beta-lactoglobulin Research Articles

The effect of lactoferrin on oral bacterial attachment

Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding salivary glycoprotein, plays an important role in human innate defense against local mucosal infection. We hypothesized that Lf interferes with initial oral bacterial attachment to surfaces by iron sequestration, so inhibiting subsequent biofilm formation. The objective was to investigate the effect of Lf on the early stages of single-species and multi-species oral biofilm development. Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis were used in this study. Glass disks of a two-track flow cell coated with flowing artificial saliva (0.3 ml/min) with and without Lf (100 microg/ml) were used for studying bacterial attachment (3 h, 37 degrees C). Attachment was also examined by incubating single or multiple species of test bacteria (10(7) colony-forming units/ml) with Lf-coated (20-100 microg/ml) and uncoated glass slides. The effects of beta-lactoglobulin, 2,2'-dipyridyl (25-100 microg/ml), an iron chelator, and FeCl3 on attachment were also examined. Lf inhibited the initial attachment of S. gordonii (50.3%, P < 0.05) but not that of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis. However, the attachment of a dual-species biofilm containing S. gordonii (i.e. S. gordonii/F. nucleatum or S. gordonii/P. gingivalis) was significantly reduced (48.7% or 62.1%, respectively, P < 0.05) in the presence of Lf. beta-Lactoglobulin did not affect the attachment of S. gordonii. In the presence of 100 microm 2,2'-dipyridyl, attachment of S. gordonii was reduced by 53.87%. No reduction in attachment was noted in S. gordonii pretreated with Lf (100 microg/ml) and FeCl3 (20-200 microm). Lf suppresses initial attachment of S. gordonii and S. gordonii coaggregates by iron sequestration. This may lead to subsequent inhibition of oral biofilm development.

Associations between 2 paternal casein haplotypes and milk yield traits of Swiss Fleckvieh cattle

Associations between casein haplotypes and milk yield traits of offspring from 5 Swiss Fleckvieh AI test bulls were investigated. The analysis was performed by using a daughter design, where each daughter inherited either paternal haplotype B-A1-A-A or B-A2-A-A for alleles of alpha s1-, beta-, alpha s2- and kappa-casein genes. The substitution effects of paternal CSN2 A1 versus A2 on protein yield deviations (YDs) were significant (P < 0.05), whereas their effects on milk and fat YDs were not. The paternal substitution effects of the CSN2 A1 versus the A2 allele on protein YDs within the 5 sires did not reach the significance level. This is due to the contrary allele substitution effect of a sire compared to the other 4 sires. The effects of maternal haplotypes on milk, protein and fat YDs were not significant. However, it is noteworthy that the effects of haplotypes with a low frequency in the population deviate largely from the most frequent haplotype B-A2-A-A. The effects of beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) genotypes were significant for protein YDs but not for milk and fat YDs. The association between the paternal CSN2 A1 and A2 alleles and milk protein YDs within sires but not milk and fat YDs indicate an interaction, which might be a consequence of CSN2 heterogeneity or a closely linked gene that is contributing to the estimated effects.

Relationships Between Beta-Lactoglobulin and Beta-Casein Polymorphisms and Production Traits in Brown Swiss and Holstein

Ozdemir, M and Dogru, U. 2007. Relationships between beta-lactoglobulin and beta-casein polymorphisms and production traits in Brown Swiss and Holstein. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 31: 165–168. To study the effects of Beta-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) and Beta-Casein (β-Cn) polymorphism on milk production traits, milk samples from Brown Swiss, Holstein and East Anatolian Red cows were analyzed for β-Lg and β-Cn AA, AB and BB types using horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis method. Differences of both β-Lg and β-Cn among breeds studied in terms of proportion of phenotype were significant on gene variants. While effects of β-Cn phenotypes on studied yield traits were not significant, there was a main effect of β-Lg genotype on fat concentration, actual milk yield, actual fat yield, 305 d fat yield and lactation period in Brown Swiss and Holstein cows, but not on 305-days milk yield. We suggest that production and percentage of fat ratio may be maximized by the use of β-Lg AA genotype and milk production by the use of β-Lg AB genotype with selective goal in herds.

Effects of beta-lactoglobulin on formation of sodium caprate-induced gel of water soluble protein from fish

Effects of beta-lactoglobulin on formation of sodium caprate-induced gel of water soluble protein from fish

Effect of beta-lactoglobulin and precipitation of calcium phosphate on the thermal coagulation of milk.

The effect of beta-lactoglobulin and heat-induced precipitation of calcium phosphate on the pH dependence and mechanism of thermal coagulation of milk throughout the pH range 6.3-7.3 was studied using serum protein-free milk and sodium caseinate as models for micellar and non-micellar milk protein systems respectively. It appears that the specific effect of beta-lactoglobulin at the pH of maximum stability may be related to its ability to chelate calcium. The effect of beta-lactoglobulin at the pH of minimum stability does not appear to be directly related to heat-induced dissociation of K-casein or micellar integrity but may be due to its ability to sensitize casein micelles to heat-induced precipitation of calcium phosphate, by increasing micellar hydrophobicity. The extent of heat-induced precipitation of calcium phosphate, as a function of pH, is an inverse reflection of the pH dependence of heat stability. Micellar integrity appears to play a critical role in the heat stability of milk but for reasons not previously appreciated.

Transfer of aroma compounds in water-lipid systems: binding tendency of beta-lactoglobulin.

Interactions of volatile aroma compounds with protein in aqueous solutions, especially whey proteins, have received significant attention in recent years. This work attempts to improve our understanding of the mass transfer in multiphasic systems, such as emulsions at the lipid-water interface, and to reveal the role of beta-lactoglobulin in the release rate of solutes. For this purpose the rotating diffusion cell has been used. From a practical point of view it enables evaluation of the transfer through the aqueous phase, through the oil and the interfacial transfer. The effect of beta-lactoglobulin, medium pH, and solute concentration has been investigated. Benzaldehyde and 2-nonanone have been studied, and miglyol has been chosen as an oil phase. It has been demonstrated that mass transfer has a rate-limiting step, which depends on physicochemical parameters such as hydrophobicity of the volatile, diffusion and partition coefficients, and rheological properties of the aqueous phase.

Anaphylactic colonic hypersecretion in cow's milk sensitized guinea-pigs depends upon release of interleukin-1, prostaglandins and mast cell degranulation.

The effect of beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LGI) challenge on net water movements into the proximal colon and the role of Interleukin-1 (IL-1), prostaglandins and mast cell degranulation on the challenge-induced net water changes were assessed in vivo using isolated colonic loops in anaesthetized guinea-pigs immunized to bovine milk. beta-lactoglobulin challenge infused into the colonic loop during 30 min reversed the net water flux into a net secretion during the period of antigen infusion. Doxantrazole, a mast cell stabilizing agent, administered 120 min before challenge infusion, suppressed challenge-induced hypersecretion. Similarly recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist protein abolished the antigen-induced colonic secretory effect. Indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, administered 20 min prior to antigen infusion, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, but did not abolish, the challenge-induced colonic secretory effect. These results suggest that IL-1 plays an important role in antigen challenge-induced colonic hypersecretion which involves mast cell degranulation and prostaglandin release.