Effect Of Air Abrasion Research Articles

Effect of Air-abrasion and Er:YAG Laser on the Bond Strength Between the Metal Housing of an Overdenture Attachment System and the Hard Relining Material

Effect of Air-abrasion and Er:YAG Laser on the Bond Strength Between the Metal Housing of an Overdenture Attachment System and the Hard Relining Material

Innovation Glass-Ceramic Spray Deposition Technology Improving the Adhesive Performance for Zirconium-Based Dental Restorations.

Glass-ceramic spray deposition (GCSD) is a novel technique for coating lithium disilicate (LD) glass-ceramics onto zirconia through simple tempering steps. GCSD has been proven to improve the bonding of zirconia to resin cement, but the effect of etching time on GCSD and the long-term durability of the bond achieved remain unknown. The effects of air abrasion with aluminum particles (ABB) and air abrasion (GAB) or etching with 5.0% hydrogen fluoride (HF) for 20, 60, 90, and 120 s (G20, G60, G90, and G120) on the resin cement-zirconia bond were studied. LD was included as a control (LDG). The microstructure, sub-micron roughness, wettability, and phase changes of samples were analyzed. After resin cement was bonded to zirconia, half of the samples were subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles at 5-55 °C). The bond strengths of the samples were determined in shear bond strength (SBS) tests (n = 10 per group). An LD structure can be formed on zirconia after GCSD and proper etching processes, which result in high roughness and a hydrophilic nature. GCSD and HF etching significantly improved SBS, with G90 and G120 samples with pre- or post-thermocycling exhibiting SBS values comparable to those of LDG (p > 0.760). The surface characteristics of the LD layer are influenced by the etching time and affect the SBS of the bond of zirconia to resin cement. HF etching for 90-120 s after GCSD results in zirconia with SBS and bond durability comparable to LD.

Effect of Air-Abrasion on Shear Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Dentin: A Study in Vitro

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the efficacy of alumina, sodium bicarbonate and erythritol-based tooth air-abrasion on shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite to dentin. Methods and Results: In order to assess the strength of the adhesive bond of the resin composite to tooth dentin, 50 tooth samples were prepared in accordance with the Ultradent Shear Bond Test method. All samples were divided into 5 groups. In Group 1 (n=10) and Group 2 (n=10), for air-abrasion of dentin surface 2 powders based on aluminum oxide with a particle size of 50μm and 27μm, respectively, were used (RONDOflex plus 360, KaVo, Biberach, Germany). In Group 3 (n=10) and Group 4 (n=10), other abrasive powders based on sodium bicarbonate (40μm) and erythritol (14μm), respectively, were used for a similar purpose (Air-Flow Classic comfort, Air-Flow Plus, EMS, Nyon, Switzerland). The control group (n=10) consisted of the remaining tooth samples in which the dentin surface, after preparation with a carbide bur, was not subjected to an air-abrasion.The one-day adhesive strength of bonded interfaces was evaluated on an UltraTester device (Ultradent Products Inc., USA) after resin bonding without aging simulation. The speed of movement of the test clamp with the installed sample was set to 1 mm/min. The maximal value of bonding failure was fixed in pounds (lb). The dentin surface ultrastructure was studied on 10 additional tooth samples, which were prepared for SEM analysis. It was found that the treatment of dentin surface with air-abrasive powders based on alumina (50 μm and 27 μm) and sodium bicarbonate (40 μm) did not improve the strength of the adhesive bond of resin composite to dentin. The strength of adhesion of the resin composite to dentin decreased significantly after air-abrasion of the tooth surface with erythritol-based powder.

Shear bond strength between CAD/CAM denture base resin and denture artificial teeth when bonded with resin cement.

PURPOSEThe bond strengths between resin denture teeth with various compositions and denture base resins including conventional and AD/CAM purposed materials were evaluated to find influence of each material.MATERIALS AND METHODSCylindrical rods (6.0 mm diameter × 8.0 mm length) prepared from pre-polymerized CAD/CAM denture base resin blocks (PMMA Block-pink; Huge Dental Material, Vipi Block-Pink; Vipi Industria) were bonded to the basal surface of resin teeth from three different companies (VITA MFT®; VITA Zahnfabrik, Endura Posterio®; SHOFU Dental, Duracross Physio®; Nissin Dental Products Inc.) using resin cement (Super-Bond C&B; SUN MEDICAL). As a control group, rods from a conventional heat-polymerizing denture base resin (Vertex™ Rapid Simplified; Vertex-Dental B.V. Co.) were attached to the resin teeth using the conventional flasking and curing method. Furthermore, the effect of air abrasion was studied with the highly cross-linked resin teeth (VITA MFT®) groups. The shear bond strengths were measured, and then the fractured surfaces were examined to analyze the mode of failure.RESULTSThe shear bond strengths of the conventional heat-polymerizing PMMA denture resin group and the CAD/CAM denture base resin groups were similar. Air abrasion to VITA MFT® did not improve shear bond strengths. Interfacial failure was the dominant cause of failure for all specimens.CONCLUSIONShear bond strengths of CAD/CAM denture base materials and resin denture teeth using resin cement are comparable to those of conventional methods.

Effect of Air Abrasion on the Number of Particles Embedded in Zironia.

Background: Determination of the number of abrasive particles embedded in the zirconia surface after variable parameters of treatment. Methods: One hundred thirty cylindrical disks made from zirconia were divided into 7 groups (n = 10): one control and six test groups treated by air abrasion using Al2O3 or SiC with grain sizes: 60, 110, 250 μm with a working pressure of 0.2 or 0.35 MPa. The SEM images were observed in BSE and BSE 3D. The chemical composition was determined by means of X-ray microanalysis with EDS. The surface was determined by quantitative metallography methods. Surfaces (%) depending on the particle type were compared using the Mann-Whitney test, depending on the pressure were compared using the Mann-Whitney test, and depending on the grain size were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test as well as the Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test as well as the Dunn post-hoc testA probability. Value of p < 0.05 was deemed significant, while a p-value of p < 0.01 was regarded as highly significant. Results: After blasting aluminium and silicon particles were embedded in zirconia surface. When blasted with Al2O3, the average amount of embedded grain was higher, while in the case of SiC. Highly significant differences were observed in the surface share of the abrasive depending on the grain size. At a pressure of 0.20 MPa the quantity of embedded abrasive amounted to 6.63, and at the pressure of 0.35 MPa rose to 7.17. Most particles of abrasive material became embedded when sandblasting with grain size 60 μm grain. No significant difference was observed in the surface share of the abrasive depending on the pressure. Conclusion: The quantity of embedded abrasive depends on its type and grain size, and the pressure applied.

Effect of Air Abrasion and Different Silicoating Techniques on the Bond Strength of Particulate Filler Composite to Titanium

Effect of Air Abrasion and Different Silicoating Techniques on the Bond Strength of Particulate Filler Composite to Titanium

Abrasão a ar: efeito no preparo cavitário e na microinfiltração em dentes decíduos

Objective: To compare the effects of air abrasion and high speed diamond bur on the topography of cavity preparations and the microleakage on primary teeth. Methods: in this in vitro study, the cavities were prepared on the occlusal surfaces of 60 teeth using both techniques on each tooth. Twenty teeth were randomly chosen for a descriptive analysis of the topography. Half of the remaining teeth (20) were treated with a total-etching adhesive system and the other half treated with a self-etching adhesive system and all samples were restored with composite resin. After that the samples were prepared for microleakage tests and assessed by scores. The statistical data was evaluated and a 5% significance level was adopted for all tests. Results: the air abrasion technique produced different topographies and increased the formation of the smear layer (stuart-maxwell chi-square, p=0.03). Microleakage was not influenced by either of the adhesive systems used for cavity preparations (wilcoxon test, p=0.08). However, high speed diamond bur showed more microleakage regardless of the adhesive used (mann-whitney test, p=0.04; p=0.01). Conclusion: the air abrasion technique appears to be a good alternative for preventing microleakage during cavity preparation in primary teeth.

The effect of air-abrasion and heat treatment on the fracture behavior of Y-TZP

ObjectivesThis study evaluated how the flexural strength and fracture behavior of a zirconia-based ceramic (Y-TZP) were affected by pre- and post-sintering mechanical and thermal treatments. MethodsTreatments included sandblasting with different particle size and type (30μm SiO2; 50 and 110μm Al2O3) and thermal conditioning. Two hundred bar-shaped specimens of pre-sintered Y-TZP ceramic (Lava Frame, 3M) were prepared (specimen dimensions: 25mm length×4mm width×0.7mm thickness) and divided into three groups (before sintering, after sintering and after sintering with heating treatment). The before sintering group specimens were airborne-particle abraded prior to dense sintering. Specimens from the after sintering group were airborne-particle abraded after sintering. The after sintering with heating treatment group specimens were submitted to a heating procedure after airborne-particle abrasion. The controls were the specimens that were sintered and not treated with any conditioning procedures. The specimens from all experimental conditions were analyzed by SEM, CLSM and XRD. All specimens were tested in four-point bending. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc tests (α=0.05). A Weibull analysis was used to analyze the strength reliability. ResultsSandblasting pre-sintered zirconia before sintering significantly decreased the flexural strength, except when the smallest blasting particles were used (30μm SiO2). Phase transformation (t–m) was observed after sandblasting and reverse transformation (m–t) was observed after heating. SignificanceSandblasting with 30μm SiO2 and 50μm Al2O3 allowed lower phase transformation. However, 30mm SiO2 presented better reliability.

Comparison between the effect of air-abrasion before and after conventional acid etching on the shear bond strength

Introduction: Recently, air-abrasion technology has been examined for potential applications within the field of orthodontics as an alternate method of enamel surface treatment especially with the introduction of intraoral sand blasters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of sandblasting of enamel before and after conventional acid-etch bond technique on the shear bond strength. Methods: the study consisted of sixty freshly extracted human premolars that were equally and randomly divided into two groups (A and B). In group A the enamel surface treatment involved sandblasting followed by acid etching, while in group B enamel surface treatment involved acid etching followed by sandblasting. Shear bond strength was tested by Instron universal testing machine in shear mode until bond failure and recorded in Newtons then converted into MPa. The mean results for shear bond strengths in group A were 12.31 MPa while those for group B were 10.35 MPa and the P-value was 0.02*. Conclusion sandblasting followed by acid etching resulted in the highest shear bond strength; while acid etching followed by sandblasting resulted in statistically significant lower shear bond strength although it is still clinically acceptable.

Effect of Air Abrasion and Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er: YAG) laser preparation on Shear Bond Strength of Composite to Dentin.

The aim of this study was to assess shear bond strength of composite to dentin after air abrasion and laser treatment. 40 human extracted molars divided into 4 groups (n=10) received the following treatments. Group 1: carbide bur, Group 2: air abrasion with aluminum oxide 50 μm, Group 3: irradiated with Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er: YAG) laser (150 mJ/20Hz), Group 4: irradiated with Er:YAG laser (150 mJ/20Hz)+ air. Specimens in all groups were chemically etched with phosphoric acid 37% and treated with bonding agent (single bond 3M). Then, composite build-up was performed by tygon tube. After storage in distilled water at 37°c for one week, all specimens were subjected to a shear bond strength test with universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and T-Test. The mean and standard deviation of shear bond strength of the 4 groups were 20.8±6.76, 14.98±3.98, 11.43±4.36 and 14.95± 3.18 MPa, respectively. Air abrasion after laser treatment improved the shear bond strength.

Effect of air abrasion and polishing on primary molar fissures

To evaluate the effect of air abrasion and polishing on primary molar fissures under light microscopy. 15 exfoliated primary second molars were longitudinally sectioned and photographed under a stereomicroscope (40×; baseline evaluation). Sections were then randomly allocated into one of the two groups (n=15) and treated by either air abrasion (aluminium oxide jet) or air polishing (sodium bicarbonate jet) for 30s. After treatment, sections were washed with an air/water spray, dried with absorbent paper, and photographed as previously described (final evaluation). Baseline and final morphology were compared by two blinded examiners who evaluated changes in the width and depth of fissures. The percentage of changed fissures was analysed, and the two treatments were compared using the Mann-Whitney test (α=0.01). Both air systems resulted in fissure changes in most (93.3%) of the sections. No significant differences in fissure width changes were found between treatments, but when changes in fissure depth were evaluated, air polishing was found to be less damaging than air abrasion (p<0.01). Air abrasion and polishing cause changes to the anatomical configuration of occlusal fissures of primary molars.

Effect of Air Abrasion on the Marginal Configuration of Titanium Crowns after Casting

ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the effect of air abrasion on marginal accuracy of titanium crowns after casting. A total of 90 samples were prepared which were divided in three groups of 30 specimens each of shoulder, chamfer and shoulder with bevel marginal configurations respectively. Thirty samples were air abraded using 120 μm particle size of aluminum oxide particle and remaining 30 specimens by 250 μm particle sizes respectively. The length from the reference line and tip of the cast specimens before and after sand blasting was measured with the help of traveling microscope. Same specimens were subjected to trimming for removal of alpha case layer for a standardized time, speed and pressure. The basic data of marginal discrepancy due to sand blasting and alpha case removal for each marginal configuration were evaluated and compared with data for the control group using student ‘t’ test and ANOVA. The smaller the margin angle, the greater was the loss of alloy after air abrasion (shoulder with bevel &gt; chamfer &gt; shoulder). Particle size of the abrasive also influenced the vertical marginal loss, as the particle size increased from 120 to 250 μm, marginal loss also increased. Finishing of casting margins after sandblasting also induced vertical marginal loss. How to cite this article Yadav B, Malhotra P, Nadiger R, Yadav H. Effect of Air Abrasion on the Marginal Configuration of Titanium Crowns after Casting. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013;3(4):131-135.

A comparative evaluation of dentinal hypersensitivity and microleakage associated with composite restorations in cavities preconditioned with air abrasion - An ex vivo study

Background and Objective:Enormous advances have been made in adhesives; however, the problem of post-operative sensitivity has dragged along. Enough literature exists on the effect of air abrasion over bond strength of composites. However, not much is reported on its relation with microleakage and post operative sensitivity. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare and evaluate dentinal hypersensitivity and microleakage associated with composite restorations in cavities preconditioned with air abrasion.Study Design:Fifteen patients were selected for the study who had to undergo extractions of both maxillary first premolars. On each patient, occlusally placed Class V cavities were made using rotary burs on both the premolars. On the right side premolar, restoration was done using total etch technique. On the left side premolar, restoration was done in similar way after preconditioning of the cavity with air abrasion. Sensitivity levels were recorded on a modified visual analogue scale preoperatively and post operatively at 1 week and one month time period. Following extraction, dye penetration test was done and 1 sample each from one group was subjected to Scanning Electron Microscope for evaluation of tooth restoration interface.Results:Clinically significant difference was there in post operative sensitivity levels after one month between the two groups. Increase in sensitivity was less in teeth restored after preconditioning with air abrasion. Dye penetration was also less in teeth restored after preconditioning with air abrasion. However, penetration at the gingival wall was more than the occlusal wall in both the groups.Conclusion:The study consolidates the fact that microleakage and post operative sensitivity are linked directly. It also proves that air abrasion can help in reducing the post operative sensitivity to a level; however, a larger sample size would be needed to obtain more robust results with stronger validation.

Effect of air abrasion and dye on the surface element ratio and resin bond of zirconia ceramic**This work was presented at the 8th China–Korea Symposium on Biomaterials and Nano-Bio Technology (Pyeongchang, Korea, Dec. 13–17 2010).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the surface element composition and roughness of dyed or non-dyed zirconia ceramic by air abrasion on the bond durability to resin luting cement. The sintered zirconia ceramic specimens were divided into four groups as follows: polished, dyed/polished, abraded, dyed/abraded. The surface roughness of each group was measured by a 3D laser scanning microscope. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy was applied for identifying and quantifying the elemental composition of the zirconia ceramic surfaces Each group had 20 shear test specimens of zirconia to Panavia F and was divided into two subgroups (n = 10) after 0 or 10 000 thermal cycles to receive the shear test. Compared with polishing, air abrasion significantly reduced the oxygen atom and weight ratio, increased the zirconium atom and weight ratio, increased Ra and Ry of zirconia ceramic surface, and also increased the bond strength of dyed and non-dyed zirconia ceramic to Panavia F after 0 and 10 000 thermal cycles. The dying procedure could affect the abraded and non-abraded zirconia ceramic surface oxygen and zirconia element ratios and surface characteristics. However, the dying procedure does not affect the resin bond strength and durability of zirconia ceramic.Corrections were made to this article on 3 November 2011. The footnote for the corresponding authors was incorrectly labelled.

Effect of air-abrasion on the retention of zirconia ceramic crowns luted with different cements before and after artificial aging

Objectives The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of intaglio surface air-abrasion on the retention of CAD/CAM produced zirconia ceramic crowns cemented with three different types of cement. In addition the influence of artificial aging in masticatory simulator and thermocycling was tested. Methods Extracted human premolars were prepared for all-ceramic crowns (12° taper, 3 mm axial length). CAD/CAM zirconia crowns were manufactured. Half of the crowns were air-abraded with 50 μm alumina particles at 0.25 MPa, the rest was left as machined. The crowns were luted with zinc phosphate cement (Hoffmann), glass ionomer cement (Ketac Cem), or composite resin (Panavia 21), subgroups were either stored for 3 days in 37° water bath or stored for 150 days in 37° water bath, with additional 37,500 thermal cycles (5–55°) and 300,000 cycles dynamic loading with 5 kg in a masticatory simulator. Then crown retention was measured in tension at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed with three-way ANOVA. Results Mean retention values were ranged from 2.8 to 7.1 MPa after 3 days and from 1.6 to 6.1 MPa after artificial aging. Air-abrasion significantly increased crown retention ( p < 0.001), while artificial aging decreased retention ( p = 0.017). In addition, the luting material had a significant influence on retention ( p < 0.001) with the adhesive luting resin providing the highest retention. Significance The use of phosphate monomer containing composite resin on air-abraded zirconia ceramic can be recommended as most retentive luting method.

Effect of Air-Abrasion on Microshear Bond Strength of Two Resin Cements to Cercon Porcelain

Effect of Air-Abrasion on Microshear Bond Strength of Two Resin Cements to Cercon Porcelain

Evaluation of the Surface Roughness and Morphologic Features of Y-TZP Ceramics after Different Surface Treatments

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different energy intensities of the Er:YAG laser and of air abrasion with Al(2)O(3) particles on the surface roughness and morphologic characteristics of yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramics. Surface roughness enhances the micromechanical interlocking of luting agents to ceramic surfaces. However, the most appropriate surface treatment for Y-TZP ceramics has yet to be determined. Two Y-TZP materials were evaluated: Cercon Smart Ceramics and Procera Zirconia. Thirty plates from each ceramic material were randomly divided into five groups according to the surface treatment received (none [control], air abrasion, or irradiation with the Er:YAG laser at three different energy intensities [200, 400, or 600 mJ]). After the surface treatments, the ceramic plates were gold-coated and their surface roughness (Ra, microm) was measured using confocal microscopy. For each ceramic system, the surface roughness was analyzed through two-way ANOVA/Tukey's test, with a 5% significance level. Changes in the morphological characteristics of the ceramics were examined through light and scanning electron microscopy. For both zirconia-based materials, irradiation with 400 mJ or 600 mJ increased surface roughness and provided significant morphological changes. Air-abraded Cercon surfaces were rougher compared to the ones irradiated with 200 mJ of laser energy, whereas Procera surfaces irradiated with 200 mJ were rougher than the air-abraded ones. Higher laser power settings (400 and 600 mJ) cause excessive material deterioration, making them unsuitable as surface treatments for zirconia surfaces. Irradiation with 200 mJ provides mild surface alterations, with intermediary features between the effects of air abrasion and higher laser intensities.

Effect of air abrasion on tensile bond strength of a single-bottle adhesive/indirect composite system to enamel

This study evaluated the efficiency of air abrasion alone and associated with phosphoric acid etching on tensile bond strength of a single-bottle adhesive/indirect composite restorative system (Bond 1/Alert) to human enamel. Forty enamel surfaces from extracted human third molars were assigned to 4 groups (n= 10). Mach 4.1 (Kreativ Inc.) air abrasion equipment was used for 20 s. A special system of rod pairs aligned in a specific apparatus was used for tensile strength tests, according to ISO/TR 11405 standard (1994) with some modifications. Bond strength means were: G1 (air abrasion + rinsing + condensable composite resin Alert) = 3.46 +/- 0.83 MPa; G2 (air abrasion + rinsing + Bond 1 adhesive system + Alert) = 4.00 +/- 1.60 MPa; G3 (air abrasion + rinsing + 37% phosphoric acid + rinsing + Bond 1 + Alert) = 20.80 +/- 3.95 MPa; and G4 (37% phosphoric acid + rinsing + Bond 1 + Alert) = 17.00 +/- 2.74 MPa. The statistical analysis by Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that G1 and G2 presented statistically significant difference (p< 0.05) from G3 and G4 (p<0.01) and G1 and G3 did not differ significantly (p> 0.05) from G2 and G4, respectively.

The Effects of Air-Abrasion on Dentin, Enamel, and Metal Bonding

The Effects of Air-Abrasion on Dentin, Enamel, and Metal Bonding