Effect Of Adhesive Systems Research Articles

Effect of adhesive system on retention of different sealants: an in vitro study

Effect of adhesive system on retention of different sealants: an in vitro study

Evolution and effectiveness of seventh and eighth generation adhesive systems in direct restorations. a review

: Dental adhesion is responsible for the chemical processes of dentin-enamel union for a correct choice before its application in restorative treatments; it is important to know properly the generation to which it belongs, its properties, application techniques, etc. All this is to ensure success in the procedures to be performed. Currently, adhesive systems have evolved, and 8 generations are available in the market, each with a better-quality standard than the previous one. To identify which generation of the adhesive system is the most viable to be applied in direct dental restorative treatments. We reviewed and compiled 133 articles published from 20 years ago to date. After analyzing them according to their clinical relevance, 88 were excluded, the remaining articles were reanalyzed, of which only those focused on describing the generations of adhesive systems applied in direct restorations were selected, leaving a total of 56 articles, which included clinical case reports. The Google Scholar search engine, SciELO and databases of interest, such as PubMed, Scopus and Medigraphic, were used, three reviewers independently performed the analysis and search of data, and the keywords were used; adhesive systems, generations of adhesive systems, evolution, and direct restorations. : 56 articles were evaluated, according to their relationship with the subject and with the information previously sought, it was determined that the seventh generation of adhesive systems is the most viable to be applied in dental treatments, due to the improvements it presents in its characteristics, and the results with good prognosis mentioned by both dental professionals, as in research. The advancement of technology implies new knowledge; therefore, the effectiveness of adhesive systems has changed significantly. Scientific evidence has shown that seventh-generation adhesives are more effective in direct restorations.

Study on the Effect of Adhesive Systems on Physical and Mechanical Behaviour of Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Beech Wood

Kenaf fiber-reinforced beech plywood was evaluated with 5variantmanufacturing adhesive methods in order to increase its acceptance in the wider industrial use. We aimed in enhancing the mechanical characteristics of beech wood kenaf fiber-reinforced using epoxy resin, Urea-formaldehyde, Melamine urea-formaldehyde, isocyanate MDI prepolymer and polyurethane and exhibited diverse effects. Tensile strength, Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Rupture, Shear Strength and Screw withdrawal resistance were enhanced by urea formaldehyde, while tensile strength was decreased by Urea Formaldehyde, Melamine Urea-Formaldehyde and isocyanate prepolymer. Epoxy resin, on the other hand, is well suited for kenaf fibre reinforcing. For example, polyurethane reduced the mechanical characteristics of kenaf fibre reinforced beech wood. Shear strength, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rupture were all superior than glass fibre reinforced epoxy resin bound beech wood.

Effect of adhesive system, resin cement, heat-pressing technique, and thermomechanical aging on the adhesion between titanium base and a high-performance polymer

Statement of problemEven though polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has become popular for various prosthetic indications, a standard adhesive protocol to bond the PEEK to titanium bases has not been yet established. How the heat-pressing technique performs in this respect is also not clear. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of an adhesive system-cement combination, the heat-pressing technique, and thermomechanical aging on the retention force between titanium bases and PEEK specimens. Material and MethodsSixty 9×11×20-mm PEEK specimens with a titanium base slot integrated into the design were milled to simulate an implant-supported PEEK framework for a cantilevered fixed prosthesis. The specimens were assigned to 8 groups (n=10) according to the titanium base primer (MKZ or Monobond) and resin cement (DTK or Multilink hybrid) used and with or without thermomechanical aging. Twenty PEEK specimens were directly heat-pressed on titanium bases, and half of the specimens were not subjected to thermomechanical aging (n=10). For nonaged groups, the PEEK specimen complex was tightened to an implant analog and secured on a custom-made pull-off device. Retention forces were measured by using the pull-off tensile test in a universal testing machine, and the maximum tensile bond strength (MPa) was calculated. The aged groups were subjected to 5000 cycles of thermal aging (5 °C to 55 °C), and the specimens were clamped to load the extension (cantilever) for 1 200 000 cycles with 120 N and 200 N at 1.5-Hz frequency. After aging, the pull-off test was performed for those specimens that survived thermomechanical aging. A nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine whether there was a difference among the groups, followed by pairwise Wilcoxon rank tests with Bonferroni correction. The Wilcoxon rank test was used to analyze the effect of thermomechanical aging in each adhesive system-cement or heat-press group (α=.05 for all tests). ResultsNone of the specimens failed during cyclic loading. According to the Kruskal-Wallis test, the effect of the PEEK-Ti base bonding technique on the retention force in the nonaged (P=.019) and thermomechanically aged groups was significant (P=.010). In the nonaged groups, the heat-pressing technique resulted in a higher retention force than when the specimens were bonded by using the Monobond-Multilink hybrid combination (P=.031). Thermomechanical aging did not significantly affect the results (P>.241). All failures were adhesive, with cement remaining only on the Ti-bases. ConclusionsAll bonding protocols tested resulted in a stable bond between PEEK and Ti-bases, as all specimens survived thermomechanical aging. The heat-pressing technique resulted in mean bond strength values similar to those obtained with the tested adhesive system-cement combinations with 1 exception; the nonaged heat-pressed groups presented higher bond strength than the Monobond-Multilink hybrid combination. Failure types indicated that the weaker bond was between the PEEK and the cements tested rather than between the titanium base and the cements, regardless of the adhesive system-cement combination.

Effects of adhesive systems on the mechanical and fire-reaction properties of wood veneer laminates

The current work describes the effects of different adhesive systems, epoxy and polyvinyl acetate (PVA), on the mechanical and fire-reaction properties of wood veneer composites (plywood). The mechanical characterisations are carried out in the longitudinal (parallel to the grain direction of the outer layer) and transverse (perpendicular to the grain) directions of the cross-laminated samples. The epoxy-glued samples have an overall improvement in the transverse mechanical performance, whereas the samples glued with PVA have better longitudinal properties. Interestingly, the fire-performance study with cone calorimeter tests, supplemented by a predictive numerical model has highlighted the vital role of the adhesive in determining the fire-performance of the composites.

Short-term effect of adhesive system on clinical performance of bulk fill composite

Aim: Although bulk fill composites have been widely used as restorative material, there is no consensus regarding the best clinical protocol in terms of composite technique and adhesive system. Therefore, this clinical trial evaluated the clinical performance of bulk fill composites for class I restorations under different protocols. Methods: A randomized clinical trial including 155 class I restorations was conducted using different adhesive systems: conventional technique (phosphoric acid + conventional three-step adhesive system) (Group 1, 2 and 3); or self-etching adhesive system (Groups 4, 5 and 6). Control groups 1 and 4 were restored with conventional composite; groups 2 and 5 with low viscosity bulk fill and conventional composite as occlusal coverage; groups 3 and 6 with high viscosity bulk fill. The FDI criteria was used for clinical evaluation at baseline and after 6 months. Results: All groups showed good clinical performance. At baseline, the adhesive system did not affect postoperative hypersensitivity. After 6 months, group 5 showed a significant reduction in color and translucency; group 6 a reduction in terms of anatomical form and for postoperative sensitivity and an improvement in patient satisfaction (p<0.05). Considering the same restorative technique, the use of the self-etching adhesive system showed a significant decrease in color and translucency (p<0.05). Conclusion: All groups showed favorable clinical performance, and promising results were found for the conventional adhesive system and high viscosity bulk fill protocol.

Effect of adhesive systems, direct resin composites and artificial aging on tensile bond strength between different resin composites and human dentin

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength of universal, flowable and bulk-fill resin composites on dentin using different adhesive systems and after artificial aging. Materials and methods 360 extracted human wisdom teeth were prepared to specimens and divided into 36 groups (n=10). One half of the specimens (180) were treated by using one-step adhesive systems and the other half (180) with multi-step adhesive systems. Sleeves where placed on the dentin and filled with either universal, flowable or bulk-fill resin composite. Tensile bond strengths were measured after 24 h water storage and after thermal cycling (10,000x, 5°C–55 °C). Fracture types were analyzed by stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, three- and one-way ANOVA followed by the Scheffe post-hoc test, unpaired two-sample t-test and Chi2 test (p Results The type of the resin composite had the strongest influence on tensile bond strength (partial eta squared ηP2=0.648, p Conclusion The combination of flowable resin composites and multi-step adhesives is recommended. The high number of cohesive fractures in the flowable groups underlines the strong adhesion of flowable resin composites to dentin.

Effects of adhesive systems at different temperatures on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Background. The temperature might affect the physical and mechanical properties of adhesive materials by reducing the polymerization rate. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature on the shear bond strength of metallic orthodontic brackets using various adhesive resin systems. Methods. Extracted human premolar teeth were randomly assigned to 8 groups (n=10) for bonding with the two available orthodontics adhesive systems (Transbond XT and NeoBond) at different temperatures: refrigeration temperature (4°C), room temperature (20°C), human body temperature (36°C) and high temperature (55°C). The shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was assigned to the fractured orthodontic brackets. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey tests and independent t-test. Results. Transbond XT exhibited higher SBS values compared to Neobond at all the tested temperatures; however, a statistically significant difference was not observed (P>0.05). The SBS results were minimum at 4°C and maximum at 36°C in both the adhesive groups (P<0.05). Conclusion. Pre-heating orthodontic adhesives up to the body temperature prior to bonding the brackets in orthodontic treatment increased the bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Effect of adhesive system application for cavities prepared with erbium, chromium: yttrium scandium gallium garnet laser on rat dental pulp tissue.

We examined the effects of adhesive systems under study applied for a laser-cut cavity using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser on rat dental pulp at 24h and 14days postoperatively. Group 1, laser-cut cavities were treated with a self-etching-primer and bonding agent; group 2, pretreated with a phosphoric-acid, and then treated with a self-etching-primer and bonding agent; group 3, pretreated with a phosphoric-acid and sodium-hypochlorite, and then treated with a self-etching-primer and bonding agent; and group 4, treated with an all-in-one adhesive. A flowable resin composite was used as filling material for each cavity treated with each group. A glass-ionomer-cement was used as a control. The following items were evaluated: pulp-tissue-disorganization (PTD), inflammatory-cell-infiltration (ICI), tertiary-dentin-formation (TDF), and bacterial-penetration (BP). The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. No significant differences were observed among the experimental groups for all parameters after 24h and 14days (P>0.05). The majority of the specimens showed PTD with edema formation after 24h; however, all the specimens demonstrated pulpal healing with TDF after 14days. On the parameter of TDF, all groups showed significant differences between the two postoperative periods (P<0.01). On the parameter of ICI, a significant difference was found between the two postoperative periods in group 4 (P<0.05). No specimens showed BP. The pretreatment on the cavity prepared with the laser using phosphoric-acid or sodium-hypochlorite did not affect the dental pulp healing of rat tooth.

Randomized Clinical Trial of Composite Restorations in Primary Teeth: Effect of Adhesive System after Three Years

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical performance of composite restorations placed with different adhesive systems in primary teeth. In 32 patients, 128 composite restorations were placed using a split-mouth design as follows (4 groups/patient): three-step etch-and-rinse (Group 1), two-step etch-and-rinse (Group 2), two-step self-etch (Group 3), and one-step self-etch (Group 4). The restorations were clinically evaluated at baseline and at 6, 18, and 36 months according to the FDI criteria. There was no significant difference between the adhesive systems in retention of the restorations (p > 0.05). Over time, there was a statistically significant decrease in marginal adaptation in all groups, whereas surface and marginal staining significantly increased in Groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). The etch-and-rinse adhesive systems resulted in better marginal adaptation than the self-etch adhesive systems (p < 0.05). It was concluded that preetching of the primary enamel might help improve the clinical performance of the self-etch adhesive systems in primary teeth.

The bonding effect of adhesive systems and bulk-fill composites to sound and caries-affected dentine

Purpose: To investigate the influence of adhesive type and increment thickness on shear bond strength of flowable bulk-fill resin composites compared with a flowable conventional resin composite, in both sound and caries-affected dentine.Methods: Shear bond strength was tested in 100 extracted human molars with coronal dentine caries. Half of the teeth were restored with Adper™ Easy Bond and the other half with Adper™ Single Bond Plus. Bonded surfaces were restored with Filtek™ Ultimate Flow and two bulk-fill composites (SDR and X-tra base) (n = 10 teeth for each subgroup). Restorations of 4 mm were performed with incremental or bulk-fill technique. The shear bond was determined and statistically analysed using three-way ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc tests (p ≤ 0.05). Dentine–resin interfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy.Results: For both adhesives, the highest shear bond strength values were obtained for sound dentine. In sound dentine, the highest bond strength observed with Easy Bond when used in 2-mm increments of SDR. In caries-affected dentine, Single Bond in combination with SDR displayed significantly lower bond strength.Conclusion: There was no significant difference in shear bond strength between the incremental and bulk-fill groups for molars with sound dentine when the etch-and-rinse adhesive system was used; however, for the self-etch adhesive system, incremental application caused higher bond strength than bulk application.

Effect of adhesive systems on microleakage in endodontically treated teeth restored with glass fiber posts

The effect of adhesive systems on microleakage in endodontically treated teeth restored with glass fiber posts was studied. Forty carious and crack-free premolars were prepared using a stepback technique and obturated with gutta-percha. The endodontically treated roots were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10). Glass fiber posts cemented following adhesive luting agents; group 1: All Bond 3/Duo Link (ALB/DL), group 2: One-Step Plus/Duo-Link (OSP/DL), group 3: Panavia F 2.0/Panavia ED Primer II (PAN/ED), and group 4: Rely X Unicem (RU). All specimens were thermal cycled and stored in basic fuchsin solution for one week. The roots were sectioned horizontally into three sections: apical, middle, and coronal. The occlusal direction of each section was digitally photographed under a stereomicroscope. Dye penetration area was calculated as the basic fuchsin infiltrated surface divided by total dentin. The data were statistically analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests (α = 0.05). The mean area measurements were ranged between 0 and 3.7357. According to the Mann–Whitney U test, there was no significant difference among the groups and sections (p > 0.05). Intragroup comparisons showed a significant difference between coronal-apical and middle-coronal sections in Panavia group (p = 0.043) by Wilcoxon Signed Test. It was found that there was no significant difference among four groups and the apical, coronal, and middle sections. The only difference was found for the group of PAN/ED between coronal-apical and coronal-middle sections.

Effect of adhesive system on retention in posts comprising fiber post and core resin

The purpose of this study was to compare the retention of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts luted with either conventional or self-adhesive resin cement. The FRC posts and core resin were built up in bovine teeth. The posts were luted with standard etch-andrinse cement, self-etch cement, or one of two self-adhesive cements. The samples were stored in water for 1 or 14 days or subjected to thermal cycling (TC). Retention value was measured with the pull-out test using a universal testing machine. Conventional adhesive resin cement yielded significantly greater retention than self-adhesive resin cement at 1 day. No significant difference was observed in retention among the adhesive systems tested at 14 days or after TC. During the early luting stage, self-adhesive resin cement yielded lower retention value than conventional resin cement. After 14 days storage or TC, retention was comparable to that with conventional resin cement.

One-Year Clinical Evaluation of Composite Restorations in Posterior Teeth: Effect of Adhesive Systems

This clinical study assessed the performance of posterior composite resins applied with the Adper™ Single Bond Plus (SB) and Adper™ Scotchbond SE (SE) adhesive systems and Filtek™ Supreme Plus composite resin, using modified US Public Health Service criteria. A total of 97 restorations were placed in posterior teeth by two calibrated operators. Application of the materials followed manufacturers' instructions. The restorations were evaluated by two examiners at baseline and after one year. Statistical analyses were conducted using the proportion test at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). All the restorations evaluated (ie, 100%) received an alpha rating for the criteria of marginal discoloration and marginal integrity at baseline. At one year, for marginal discoloration, 64.6% of SB and 61.2% of SE received an alpha rating. For marginal integrity, 72.9% of SB and 77.6% of SE received an alpha rating. The other restorations received bravo ratings for both criteria. None of the teeth that received the restorative systems presented caries lesions around the restorations. A total of eight teeth presented postoperative sensitivity one week after baseline, five with SB and three with SE; the symptom had disappeared one year later. One year later, composite resin restorations using either adhesive system showed satisfactory clinical performance.

Effect of adhesive systems and bevel on margin integrity in primary and permanent teeth

Effect of adhesive systems and bevel on margin integrity in primary and permanent teeth

Bond Strength and Monomer Conversion of Bonding Agents Mixed with Restorative Composites Prior to Light Exposure

This study examined the effect of adhesive systems (either placed as directed or when mixed with composites prior to photocuring) on bond strength and monomer conversion. Occlusal surfaces of extracted human molars were ground flat and Scotchbond Multipurpose®, Single Bond®, or Clearfil SE Bond® adhesive systems were applied according to manufacturer's directions, mixed in situ with flowable or hybrid composites prior to photocuring. Specimens were prepared for microtensile bond-strength testing, and maximal bond strength at failure was recorded. Adhesives and composites were also placed on a diamond attenuated-total-reflectance unit, and infrared spectra were obtained kinetically. Addition of flowable Scotchbond prior to light-curing increased bond strength; however, no effect on Single Bond and Clearfil SE Bond was observed. The mixture of adhesives with composites resulted in lower monomer conversion for Scotchbond and Clearfil SE Bond.

Effects of adhesive systems and luting agents on bonding of fiber posts to root canal dentin

The study evaluated the influence of different luting materials on the microtensile bond strength of glass fiber posts to root canal dentin. Thirty extracted maxillary premolars were endodontically treated, and the roots were prepared for post cementation using the FRC Postec system (Vivadent). Two luting materials (Multilink, Vivadent and Clearfil Photo Core, Kuraray) were used in combination with three adhesive: Multilink Primer (Vivadent), Clearfil Photo Bond, and Clearfil New Bond (Kuraray). A composite build-up was performed around the root to provide adequate gripping during testing. Specimens were cut to obtain beams with the post in the center and with the radicular dentin overlaid by the composite build-up on each side. Microtensile testing was performed with a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The failure mode was classified under a stereomicroscope and four representative beams of each group were selected for SEM analysis. Bond strength data that were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons tests revealed that adhesive systems, luting materials, and the interaction between these two factors significantly influenced the bond strength results (p < 0.01). Multilink applied with its own adhesive system obtained the best results, while the lowest bond strength was achieved with clearfil photo core in combination with multilink primer.

The effects of adhesive systems on tooth surfaces

The effects of adhesive systems on tooth surfaces