Directional Effects Research Articles

Influence of the Soil Squeezing Effect on the Peripile Soil of Pre-Tensioned H-Type Prestressed Concrete Revetment Pile Construction Based on Field Tests

Pre-tensioned H-type prestressed concrete revetment piles are a newly developed product dedicated to the protection of river, lake, and sea bank embankments, and their cross-section is H-shaped. In this study, a field test of H-type pile soil’s squeezing effect is carried out based on the second phase project of the HujiaShen Line. Pore water pressure, soil displacement, and other parameters of the H-type pile-driving process are monitored in real time. The test results show the following: (1) The influence range of the excess pore water pressure caused by the soil squeezing effect in the horizontal direction is about 14–15D, and in the vertical direction, the pore water pressure within a depth range of about 7D below the pile bottom increases rapidly. Its dissipation rate is fast at first and then slows down, and it completely dissipates 20 days after piling. (2) The excess pore water pressure caused by the soil squeezing effect does not decrease linearly in the radial direction. The soil around the construction pile can be divided into four areas: A, B, C, and D. Among them, A and B belong to the plastic zone, and C and D belong to the elastic zone. (3) The horizontal displacement of the soil occurs within the depth range of 5D from the surface of the pile to the bottom of the pile at the piling location, and the radial influence range is about 8–12D. From a vertical perspective, the main horizontal displacement of the soil occurs in the long section of the pile driven into the soil, showing a “U”-shaped distribution. (4) The dividing point between the vertical displacement uplift and the settlement of the soil appears within the range of 2–3 m from the construction pile, that is, between 5 and 7D. Settlement occurs after the piling is completed, and the settlement rate is fast at first and then slows down. The final settlement of the soil is stable on the 20th day. This research and experiment provide a design reference for the engineering application of pre-tensioned H-type prestressed concrete bank protection piles.

Evaluating the Replicability of Social Priming Studies

To assess the replicability of social priming findings we reviewed the extant close replication attempts in the field. In total, we found 70 close replications, that replicated 49 unique findings. Ninety-four percent of the replications had effect sizes smaller than the effect they replicated and only 17% of the replications reported a significant p-value in the original direction. The strongest predictor of replication success was whether or not the replication team included at least one of the authors of the original paper. Twelve of the 18 replications with at least one original author produced a significant effect in the original direction and the meta-analytic average of these studies suggest a significant priming effect (d = 0.40, 95% CI[0.23; 0.58]). In stark contrast, none of the 52 replications by independent research teams produced a significant effect in the original direction and the meta-analytic average was virtually zero (d = 0.002, 95% CI[-0.03; 0.03]). We argue that these results have shifted the burden of proof back onto advocates of social priming. Successful replications from independent research teams will likely be required to convince sceptics that social priming exists at all.

Dimensional change and springback of spherical shell in cryogenic forming

Cryogenic forming has been developed to manufacture thin-walled curved aluminum alloy components, whose final dimensions are affected by cryogenic shrinkage and springback. Therefore, dimensional changes of spherical shell in cryogenic forming were studied theoretically and experimentally. The cryogenic forming process was discussed to elucidate the factors affecting the dimensional change. The stress distribution was analyzed to qualitatively reveal the springback behavior. Cryogenic dimensional measurement devices were built to quantitatively evaluate the dimensional changes in the forming processes of punch cooling, springback, and specimen restoration to room temperature. The temperature dependencies of the elastic modulus and expansion coefficient were modeled to quantitatively calculate the effect of thermal expansion and contraction on the dimensions of specimen and punch. The theoretical analysis results indicate that depth reduction and opening expansion are produced by cryogenic springback, determined by the radial stress, hoop stress, and bending moment in different deformation regions. The cryogenic springback in the biaxial tensile stress zone was reduced by 37.8 % owing to the increasing radial deformation and decreasing bending deformation. In contrast, cryogenic springback in the tensile-compressive stress zone increased by 30.8 %. The punch cooling shrinkage and specimen warming expansion in depth direction can reduce for the dimensional deviation caused by springback but cause the opposite effect in hoop direction. Expansion and shrinkage were effectively predicted using the proposed model, with an error of less than 16 %. The deformation region of the biaxial tensile stress can be enlarged by the significantly improved hardening ability at cryogenic temperature, which benefits enhancing deformation uniformity and further reduces springback. Therefore, cryogenic forming offers considerable potential for the precision manufacturing of aluminum alloy deep-cavity thin-walled components.

Exceptional anisotropic superhydrophobicity of sword-lily striated leaf surface and soft lithographic biomimicking using polystyrene replica

Herein, we report unusually high anisotropic superhydrophobicity, unidirectional self-cleaning, and biomimicking of adaxial sword-lily (Gladiolus hortulanus) leaf comprising three distinct levels of surface textures. Observably, the static anisotropic wetting and rolling of water droplets are more favourable in the parallel (or, striation) direction than in the perpendicular direction. Inspired from such water repellency of the sword lily leaf surface, here bio-mimicked polystyrene (PS) leaf construct is developed through a soft lithographic technique. Considering different water droplet sizes (4–10 μl) on natural lily leaf and bio-mimicked PS construct surfaces, the respective parallel (θ ||) and perpendicular (θ ⊥) water contact angles (WCAs) stand at, θ || ∼143°–147°, θ ⊥ ∼156°–169°; and θ || ∼130°–139°, θ ⊥ ∼142°–145°. Moreover, the specimens under study exhibit roll-off angles ranging, α || ∼8°–23° (α ⊥ ∼16°–41°) and α || ∼21°–49° (α ⊥ ∼40°–55°) along parallel (and perpendicular) directions; respectively. A noticeable difference in α ⊥ and α || values can be ascribed to the profound three-phase contact line (TCL) pinning along the perpendicular direction taking advantage of striation as means of barrier. The roll-off angles can also alter due to a variation in the droplet volume. The unusual anisotropic superhydrophobicity and unidirectional droplet roll-off can be attributed to the entrapped air within the micro-nano texture beneath the water droplet along with the pinning effect in the perpendicular direction caused by the striated heights.

General and Specific Combining Ability for Fruit Yield Using Diallel Population of Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula (Roxb.) L.)

An experiment was conducted using 7 x 7 diallel population of ridge gourd to study the general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) of parents and their hybrids for 17 yield traits in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on 17 characters were subjected to analysis of GCA and SCA variances and their effects. The GCA and SCA variance were found highly significant for all the characters except days to first female flowering. Low magnitude of σ²g/σ²s ratio was observed for all the traits other than days to first male flowering, days to first female flowering, fruit length (cm), fruit width (mm), individual fruit weight (g). On the other hand, σ²g/σ²s ratio was more than 1.0 for days to first male flowering, days to first female flowering, fruit length (cm), fruit width (mm) and individual fruit weight (g). The general combining effects (GCA) of the parents revealed that none of the parent was found to be good general combiner for all the characters. However, in the present investigation, parent P3 was observed to be one of the best general combiner as it has shown significant GCA effects in desirable direction for number of fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant. It also observed significant GCA effects for parameters related to earliness viz., days to first male flowering, node number of first female flower and days to first harvest. Similarly, parent P5 was also good general combiners for fruit length, fruit width and individual weight of fruit, parent P6 and P7 were also good general combiners for fruit length, individual weight of fruit except fruit width. The parent P2 and P4 were also good general combiners for number of fruits per plant. The estimate of SCA effects revealed that none of the crosses was consistently superior for all the characters. The highest yielding hybrid (P3 x P4) had registered the highest SCA effect for fruit yield per plant. Similarly, the cross combinations P6 x P7, P3 x P6, P3 x P7, P1 x P5, P2 x P6, P4 x P5 were observed as good specific combinations for fruit yield per plant. The hybrid P2 x P6 was good specific combiner for days to first male flowering, hybrid P3 x P4 for sex ratio followed by P4 x P5 and P5 x P7. Hybrid P1 x P4, P6 x P7, P3 x P6 and P2 x P4 were found as good specific combinations for fruit length, P4 x P6 and P3 x P4 for fruit width. The hybrids P3 x P6, P6 x P7, P3 x P4, P2 x P4 and P1 x P5 were observed as good specific combinations for individual fruit weight.

Subjective Probability Increases Across Communication Chains: Introducing the Probability Escalation Effect.

A severity effect has previously been documented, whereby numerical translations of verbal probability expressions are higher for severe outcomes than for non-severe outcomes. Recent work has additionally shown the same effect in the opposite direction (translating numerical probabilities into words). Here, we aimed to test whether these effects lead to an escalation of subjective probabilities across a communication chain. In four ‘communication chain’ studies, participants at each communication stage either translated a verbal probability expression into a number, or a number into a verbal expression (where the probability to be translated was yoked to a previous participant). Across these four studies, we found a general Probability Escalation Effect, whereby subjective probabilities increased with subsequent communications for severe, non-severe and positive events. Having ruled out some alternative explanations, we propose that the most likely explanation is in terms of communications directing attention towards an event's occurrence. Probability estimates of focal outcomes increase across communication stages.

Estimating the replicability of highly cited clinical research (2004-2018).

Previous studies about the replicability of clinical research based on the published literature have suggested that highly cited articles are often contradicted or found to have inflated effects. Nevertheless, there are no recent updates of such efforts, and this situation may have changed over time. We searched the Web of Science database for articles studying medical interventions with more than 2000 citations, published between 2004 and 2018 in high-impact medical journals. We then searched for replications of these studies in PubMed using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome) framework. Replication success was evaluated by the presence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction and by overlap of the replication's effect size confidence interval (CIs) with that of the original study. Evidence of effect size inflation and potential predictors of replicability were also analyzed. A total of 89 eligible studies, of which 24 had valid replications (17 meta-analyses and 7 primary studies) were found. Of these, 21 (88%) had effect sizes with overlapping CIs. Of 15 highly cited studies with a statistically significant difference in the primary outcome, 13 (87%) had a significant effect in the replication as well. When both criteria were considered together, the replicability rate in our sample was of 20 out of 24 (83%). There was no evidence of systematic inflation in these highly cited studies, with a mean effect size ratio of 1.03 [95% CI (0.88, 1.21)] between initial and subsequent effects. Due to the small number of contradicted results, our analysis had low statistical power to detect predictors of replicability. Although most studies did not have eligible replications, the replicability rate of highly cited clinical studies in our sample was higher than in previous estimates, with little evidence of systematic effect size inflation. This estimate is based on a very select sample of studies and may not be generalizable to clinical research in general.

Differences in the Modification Effect in the Depth Direction on the Surface of Epoxy Resin Irradiated with Vacuum Ultraviolet Light

Differences in the Modification Effect in the Depth Direction on the Surface of Epoxy Resin Irradiated with Vacuum Ultraviolet Light

A physically consistent 2D residual stress model for approximating 3D effects in welding

Welding-induced residual stresses play a critical role in fitness-for-service evaluation of pressure equipment as stipulated by codes and standards, e.g., BS 7910 and API 579 RP-1/ASME FFS-1. Due to the complex residual stress evaluation process, two-dimensional (2D) residual stress modeling is most often exercised for supporting the development of the residual stress prescriptions in these FFS codes. Two major limitations exist in such a 2D modeling approach. One is the lack of heat sink effects in the third direction, resulting in a missing linkage to the actual welding linear heat input. The other is the over-simplifications of the mechanical restraint effects on the residual stress development process by imposing generalized plane-strain or axisymmetric conditions. This paper presents a physically consistent 2D residual stress model, with which actual welding linear heat input can be consistently interpreted for use in a 2D thermal model and 3D mechanical restraint effects can be approximated through a set of closed-form expressions that can be readily implemented in available finite element procedures. The effectiveness of the proposed 2D modeling procedures is then validated against a few well-documented residual stress case studies on which experimental data are available.

The interplay between teachers’ value-related educational goals and their value-related school climate over time

Values education within the school context is, among other elements, shaped by a value-related school climate as well as teachers’ value-related educational goals. This longitudinal study investigated the interplay between these two elements over fifteen months, starting in March 2021, and including four points of measurement (t1 − t4). The sample consisted of 118 primary school teachers (years 1 and 2) from primary schools in Switzerland. Teachers’ value-related educational goals were measured with the Portrait Values Questionnaire, and teachers’ perception of their school climate was measured with the 12-Item School Climate Measure Scale. Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models along with Multiple Imputation for missing data were used to investigate the reciprocal relationships along the four dimensions of value-related educational goals represented by Schwartz’s Higher-Order Value Types: Openness to Change, Conservation, Self-Enhancement, and Self-Transcendence and their corresponding dimensions of a perceived value-related school climate of Innovation, Stability, Performance, and Support. For the dimensions “Innovation and Openness to Change,” the analyses revealed that the perceived value-related school climate of Innovation predicted teachers’ value-related educational goals of Openness to Change significantly from t1 to t2, while an effect in the opposite direction from t2 to t3 and from t3 to t4 was found. For the dimension “Stability and Conservation,” the analyses revealed that the perceived value-related school climate of Stability predicted teachers’ value-related educational goals of Conservation from t3 to t4. These findings are discussed in light of the dynamic processes of values education within the school environment as well as in the context of environmental and societal developments.

Perceiving welfare state sustainability: fiscal costs, group deservingness, or ideology?

Abstract What shapes citizens’ perceptions of long-term welfare state sustainability? Past work hints at three explanations: information about fiscal pressure, deservingness views of recipient groups, and left-right ideology. We consider all three in an experiment exposing people to information about fiscal costs and/or low deservingness in the labor market domain. Left-right ideology functions as a moderator. Unlike past work, which has concentrated on demographic pressures, information about fiscal costs does not generate worries about sustainability (separately or combined with deservingness cues). Rather, left-right ideology moderates reactions. People on the left seem to question and counterargue against fiscal pressure, such that when facing negative information, they develop more positive sustainability views. This counter-reaction coexists with statistically insignificant effects in the negative direction among people on the right. These ideological contingencies arise without partisan cues, suggesting that welfare state pressure itself is ideologically controversial in the labor market domain.

Mechanical properties of an improved flexible auxetic metamaterial and its application in self-expanding vascular stents

Auxetic metamaterials have shown great significance in the field of cardiovascular stents, but improving their applicability remains an issue. Here, we develop a type of improved auxetic metamaterial called the Re-entrant-Arrow-Snake (RAS) structure by adding arrow-shaped and snake-shaped structures to the Re-entrant (RE) structure. We first systematically study its in-plane elastic properties and compression behaviors. It is observed that the RAS structure exhibits improved vertical stiffness, horizontal flexibility, and clear auxetic effect in the vertical direction. The influence of the additional structures on the deformation pattern and the stability is also discussed by the in-plane compression analysis. Furthermore, we propose a new self-expanding (SE) vascular stent named RAS-SE based on the RAS structure. Numerical analysis demonstrates that the RAS-SE stent possesses enhanced dual-plateau radial force, negative foreshortening behavior, and improved bending flexibility, indicating better deployment performance and support in clinical applications. Biomechanical studies also show that axial deformation caused by the auxetic effect of the RAS-SE stent only slightly increases stress damage to plaque without affecting stress damage of the intima. This study further expands the application of metamaterials in SE vascular stents, and the proposed RAS structure shows high applicability on the SE stent, thus warranting further attention.

Seven robust and easy to obtain biomarkers to measure acute stress

With the purpose of identifying a sensitive, robust, and easy-to-measure set of biomarkers to assess stress reactivity, we here study a large set of relatively easy to obtain markers reflecting subjective, autonomic nervous system (ANS), endocrine, and inflammatory responses to acute social stress (n = 101). A subset of the participants was exposed to another social stressor the next day (n = 48) while being measured in the same way. Acute social stress was induced following standardized procedures. The markers investigated were self-reported positive and negative affect, heart rate, electrodermal activity, salivary cortisol, and ten inflammatory markers both in capillary plasma and salivary samples, including IL-22 which has not been studied in response to acute stress in humans before. Robust effects (significant effect in the same direction for both days) were found for self-reported negative affect, heart rate, electrodermal activity, plasma IL-5, plasma IL-22, salivary IL-8 and salivary IL-10. Of these seven markers, the participants’ IL-22 responses on the first day were positively correlated to those on the second day. We found no correlations between salivary and capillary plasma stress responses for any of the ten cytokines and somewhat unexpectedly, cytokine responses in saliva seemed more pronounced and more in line with previous literature than cytokines in capillary plasma. In sum, seven robust and easy to obtain biomarkers to measure acute stress response were identified and should be used in future stress research to detect and examine stress reactivity. This includes IL-22 in plasma as a promising novel marker.

Dynamic simulation of immiscible displacement in fractured porous media

Investigating immiscible displacement in fractured porous media is essential for understanding the two-phase flow behavior within pores and fractures. In this work, a three-dimensional pore-fracture network model was developed to address the influence of fracture on flow patterns and to characterize fracture-matrix crossflow under different flow conditions. Sensitivity studies at a wide range of viscosity ratios and capillary numbers underscored that fracture significantly influenced flow patterns in the capillary fingering zone. Fracture with an advantageous path effect in the displacement direction caused a shift in the boundary of capillary fingering zone toward an increase in capillary numbers. As fracture aperture decreased and aspect ratio increased, there was a discernible decline in the crossflow rate. When fracture aperture equaled average matrix throat diameter, fracture lose advantageous path effect in compact displacement zone but retained it in viscous fingering and capillary fingering zones. Distinct matrix-fracture crossflow development processes were observed in different zones: in cross zone, following displacement breakthrough, the crossflow underwent a “long-term” process to attain stability. Viscous fingering zone promptly achieved stability post-breakthrough, whereas both capillary fingering and compact displacement zones had already reached a stable state before breakthrough. Nonlinear variations in breakthrough saturation were observed in the cross zone between compact displacement and capillary fingering zones. The control process of immiscible displacement exhibited variability under different flow conditions: compact displacement zone was characterized by matrix dominance, viscous fingering zone was jointly controlled by matrix displacement and fracture-matrix crossflow, and capillary fingering zone was primarily governed by fracture-matrix crossflow. These findings enhance scholarly comprehension of immiscible displacement behavior in fractured porous media.

Dynamic strength differential and Bauschinger effects in an extruded AZ80 magnesium alloy

Quasi-static and high-rate tension and compression properties of an extruded AZ80 Mg alloy rod were investigated at loading rates of 0.001 and 500 s−1. Acquired stress – strain results show that tension and compression plastic deformations of AZ80 rod are asymmetric, and such strength differential effect is dependent of strain rate and loading orientation. Strength differential effect is weakened at 500 s−1 when the sample was loaded along the extrusion direction. Crystal plasticity simulations on the basis of the visco-plastic self-consistent method were performed. Numerical results indicate that the rate and orientation dependency of strength differential effect in AZ80 alloy is related to {101‾2} extension twinning. High-rate tests for pretension, unloading and reverse compression were realized to investigate the dynamic Bauschinger effect. Experimental results show that Bauschinger effect of AZ80 alloy is anisotropic and sensitive to the strain rate. A Bauschinger effect parameter considering strength differential effect was proposed, and it was found that the Bauchinger effect in the extrusion direction is reduced significantly at 500 s−1.

Experimental investigation on the improvement of film cooling efficiency with a V-shaped micro-vortex generator

An experimental investigation was performed to assess the impact of a V-shaped micro-vortex generator (VG) on film cooling (FC) efficiency. The study involves injecting coolant gas from a downstream inclined cylindrical hole, while measuring flow characteristics and film cooling efficiency using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and pressure-sensitive paint (PSP), respectively. The width and streamwise location of the VG are systemically studied to provide a comprehensive guideline for the selection of VG geometrical parameter. The data reveal that the width of VG can affect the strength of anti-counter-rotating vortex pair (anti-CVRP) and the spanwise distance between the two vortices in the anti-CVRP. There is an optimal VG width (i.e., W = 2.5D) for the enhancement of film cooling efficiency within the blowing ratio (BR) range of 0.2 ≤ M ≤ 0.8. In addition, it was found that the reduction of the streamwise distance between the VG and the cooling hole does not always improve film cooling performance. The attenuation of the cooling effect in the streamwise direction is significantly accelerated if the VG is placed nearby the cooling hole.

KONTRIBUSI ISLAMIC BANKING FINANCING AND VARIABLES MACRO ECONOMIC TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA

Poverty is a global issue faced by many countries in the world, including Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of poverty in Indonesia by measuring the financing of Islamic banking, education, health, TPAK and inflation against the level of poverty in Indonesia. The data source used is panel data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) for the 2010-2020 period. Data analysis used panel data regression with Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM) Approach processed with E-Views 10. The results of this study indicate that the estimated model chosen in this study is Fixed The Effect Model shows the results of the Islamic Banking Financing, RLS, UHH, TPAK and Inflation variables that have a significant effect in a negative direction on the level of poverty for the RLS variable that has a simultaneous effect on the mission level while UHH has a significant effect in a negative direction. This means that if there are independent variables simultaneously, then the level of poverty in Indonesia is increasingly leading to change. Whereas in the simultaneous test the prob value of the F-Statistic is 0.000000 <0.05, which means that the five independent variables simultaneously influence the level of poverty in Indonesia. And the Adjusted R-Square value is 0.987540 which means that 90% of the Islamic Banking Financing, RLS, UHH, TPAK and Inflation variables in this study are able to explain the poverty rate variable in Indonesia. While the remaining 10% is explained by other variables outside the model.

Fast Ray-Tracing-Based Precise Localization for Internet of Underwater Things without Prior Acknowledgment of Target Depth

Underwater localization is one of the key techniques for positioning, navigation, timing (PNT) services that could be widely applied in disaster warning, underwater rescues and resource exploration. One of the reasons why it is difficult to achieve accurate positioning for underwater targets is due to the influence of uneven distribution of underwater sound velocity. The current sound-line correction positioning method mainly aims at scenarios with known target depth. However, for nodes that are non-cooperative nodes or lack depth information, sound-line tracking strategies cannot work well due to non-unique positional solutions. To solve this problem, we propose an iterative ray tracing 3D underwater localization (IRTUL) method for stratification compensation. To demonstrate the feasibility of fast stratification compensation, we first derive the signal path as a function of initial |grazing angle, and then prove that the signal propagation time and horizontal propagation distance are monotonic functions of the initial grazing angle, which guarantees the fast achievement of ray tracing. Simulation results indicate that IRTUL has the most significant correction effect in the depth direction, and the average accuracy has been improved by about 3 m compared to a localization model with constant sound velocity.

Selective reporting of placebo tests in top economics journals

AbstractPlacebo tests provide incentives to underreport statistically significant tests, a form of reversed p‐hacking. We test for such underreporting in 11 top economics journals between 2009 and 2021 based on a pre‐registered analysis plan. If the null hypothesis is true in all tests, 2.5% of them should be significant at the 5% level with an effect in the same direction as the main test (and 5% in total). The actual fraction of statistically significant placebo tests with an effect in the same direction is 1.29% (95% CI [0.83, 1.63]), and the overall fraction of statistically significant placebo tests is 3.10% (95% CI [2.2, 4.0]).

Enhancing thermal performance in a magnetized square cavity: Novel insights from mixed convection of Ag-MgO nanofluid around a rotating cylinder

This numerical investigation considers the mixed convection of a magnetically influenced hybrid nanofluid in a two-dimensional square cavity containing a centrally positioned rotating circle cylinder with a radius of R = 0.12. The nanofluid within the enclosure is water-based and incorporates Ag-MgO nanoparticles, the chemical and physical interactions between MgO nanoparticles and Ag molecules play an important function in determining the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of MgO-Ag nanofluid. These findings exhibit that MgO-Ag nanofluid has the potential to be used as an advanced heat transfer fluid in cooling systems and heat exchangers. Two distinct cases are examined: firstly, with all walls of the square cavity and the rotating circle cylinder being adiabatic, except for the bottom side, and secondly, with the right side of the cavity being maintained at an isothermal condition. A finite element software package (FLEXPDE) is used in the present study. The governing partial equations, rendered dimensionless and encompassing various physical parameters, are solved utilising the Galerkin-based finite element method. Novelty is injected into the exploration through a meticulous parametric study, delving into the influence of key parameters, including the angular velocity spanning from -25 to 25, Reynolds number (10 ≤ Re ≤ 100), and Richardson number (0 ≤ Ri ≤ 35). The outcomes are vividly portrayed through visualisation of the flow structure via streamlines, the depiction of the heat transfer process through isotherms, and the computation of average Nusselt numbers. A discernible trend emerges, demonstrating that an increase in the Reynolds number, angular rotation speed, and Richardson number corresponds to an elevation in the average Nusselt number. Increasing Reynolds number (Re) from 10 to 50 intensifies streamlines, indicating fivefold higher flow resistance, with isotherms at Re = 50 showing 80 % concentration near the hot bottom wall compared to Re = 10. Counterclockwise rotation induces 90 % curvature near the bottom, clockwise rotation near the top, highlighting directional effects on flow resistance and streamlines. Remarkably, an intriguing observation surfaces as the angular velocity intensifies counterclockwise, revealing a 10 % augmentation in the average Nusselt values compared to a clockwise direction. Furthermore, the adoption of nanofluids as cooling agents, in lieu of pure water, is shown to enhance the cavity's thermal and overall performance, surpassing previous results. This underscores the novel insight into the advantageous utilisation of nanofluids in improving the efficacy of thermal systems.