Effects Of Chemical Irritants Research Articles

Hygienic and clinical functional aspects of health status in phthalate production

Introduction. Polyesters of terephthalic acids are major products of organic synthesis, widely used in various industries: for packing materials production, including those for foods and medicaments. Polyesters of terephthalic acids are stable chemicals and highly toxic with cumulative eff ects. Phthalates production requires further studies. Objective. To determine hygienic and clinical functional aspects of workers’ health formation in phthalates production. Materials and methods. Special clinical functional study covered workers who first started work activity in production of terephthalic acids, purified terephthalic acid and polyethylene terephthalate over 5 years of JSC “POLYEF” exploitation. Hematologic, cytochemical, biochemical and immunologic studies covered workers with primary 5-year service in the production. Hygienic evaluation covered work conditions of workers engaged into production of terephthalic acid polyesters. Results. Th e work conditions are characterized by increased level of terephthalic acids from 1.5 to 2.8 MACs. By 5 years of service, most the workers demonstrate anemia, reticulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, lower enzymatic activity. Investigations also covered the most marked and early changes in cardiovascular, nervous systems, ENT organs, locomotory system and connective tissue. Major factors infl uencing the stated disorders are acting concentrations of terephthalic acid, exceeding MAC 1.5–2.8 times; character of infl uence caused by complex of chemicals with acute and unidirectional action; occupational noise exceeding MAL of 5–21 dBA. Conclusions. General principles of occupational factors action: anemic syndrome; polymorphic regulatory disorders of metabolism; sensitization, allergization; formation of secondary immune defi ciency of cytopenia type; vegetative vascular disorders — the most fr equent and early syndrome of clinical and structural health disorders; locomotory disorders caused probably by phthalates toxicity; upper respiratory tract disorders (summarized eff ects of chemical irritants); specifi c changes associated with increased noise parameters (vegetative disorders, hypertension, neurosensory deafness, etc.).

Some effects of chemical irritants on the membrane of the giant amoeba.

1 The effects of chemical irritants on the membrane potential and input resistance of the giant amoeba, Chaos carolinense, have been investigated. The membrane potential and input resistance were -111.5 mV and 8.6 M pi respectively. 2 In the resting state the cell membrane of Chaos carolinense was found to be impermeable to Na+ but permeable to K+. The distribution of K+ across the cell membrane conformed to a Donnan equilibrium with the resting membrane potential being the K+ equilibrium potential. 3 The chemical irritants dibenzoxazepine and its 2-chloro- and 3-chloro-analogues and o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile produced a fall in input resistance but no change in membrane potential. It is suggested that these effects are caused by an increase in K+ permeability. 4 The potencies of a series of chemical irritants with respect to dibenzoxazepine were measured on the giant amoeba. These potencies did not reflect those found in mammalian preparations.

The effects of chemical irritants and tobacco smoke condensate on the chorioallantoic membrane of the fertile hen's egg

The effects of various materials on the chorioallantoic membrane of the 10-day incubated fertile hen's egg have been studied. A detailed sequential histological study of the effects of croton oil and tobacco smoke condensate showed that both substances caused local haemorrhage and necrosis, followed by hyperplasia. The degree of thickening was found to be both dose-and time-dependent. From these observations a test procedure for comparing the irritant activity of tobacco smoke condensates has been developed; this procedure involves measuring the maximum thickness of the membranes 72 h after application of the condensates.

Effect of Chemical Irritation of the Peritoneum on Transmural Migration of Intestinal Organisms

SummaryChemical peritonitis induced by repeated injections of monolate or gum-tragacanth in rabbits and dogs results in the appearance of E. coli in pure culture, in small to moderate numbers, in the inflamed peritoneum. Once this contamination is established, it continues for some time after the injections are discontinued. Eventually all cultures are sterile.By exclusion of all other possible sources of contamination of the inflamed peritoneum, it appears that the E. coli found in the peritoneal exudate is derived from the intestinal lumen by transmural migration.

The Effect of Chemical Irritation on the Respiration of Fungi

The Effect of Chemical Irritation on the Respiration of Fungi

The Effect of Chemical Irritation on the Economic Coefficient of Sugar

The Effect of Chemical Irritation on the Economic Coefficient of Sugar