Efectos De Research Articles

Efecto de la administración ambulatoria de levosimendán en la reducción de reingresos hospitalarios por insuficiencia cardiaca

Efecto de la administración ambulatoria de levosimendán en la reducción de reingresos hospitalarios por insuficiencia cardiaca

Influência do adesivo autocondicionante na resistência de união em dentes submetidos à radiação

ABSTRACT This study aimed to conduct a literature review about the influence of self-etching adhesives on the bond strength of restorative procedures for irradiated teeth. The search for articles was carried out on six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane). Gray literature (Google Scholar) and reference lists of included studies were evaluated. The keywords used were: “Radiotherapy” OR “Radiation Therapy” OR “Radiation Treatment” OR “Radiation Effects” OR “Radioterapia” OR “Terapia por radiação” OR “Tratamento por radiação” OR “Efeitos da Radiação” OR “Terapia por Radiación” OR “Tratamiento por Radiación” OR “Efectos de Radiación” AND “Dentin-Bonding agent” OR “Adesivos Dentinários” OR “Recubrimientos Dentinarios”. The inclusion criteria were laboratory and clinical studies, dissertations, literary and systematic reviews, and no time and language restrictions. Three hundred and eighteen studies were identified in the databases, 30 in the gray literature, and 5 from the reference list of included articles. 40 were excluded for being duplicates. After reading the title and abstract, 28 articles remained for complete analysis. In the end, 21 articles were included in this study. Self-etching could be a good option for irradiated teeth restorations. However, further clinical studies are needed.

Effects of interactions between anthropogenic stressors and recurring perturbations on ecosystem resilience and collapse.

Insights into declines in ecosystem resilience and their causes and effects can inform preemptive action to avoid ecosystem collapse and loss of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being. Empirical studies of ecosystem collapse are rare and hampered by ecosystem complexity, nonlinear and lagged responses, and interactions across scales. We investigated how an anthropogenic stressor could diminish ecosystem resilience to a recurring perturbation by altering a critical ecosystem driver. We studied groundwater-dependent, peat-accumulating, fire-prone wetlands known as upland swamps in southeastern Australia. We hypothesized that underground mining (stressor) reduces resilience of these wetlands to landscape fires (perturbation) by diminishing groundwater, a key ecosystem driver. We monitored soil moisture as an indicator of ecosystem resilience during and after underground mining. After landscape fire, we compared responses of multiple state variables representing ecosystem structure, composition, and function in swamps within the mining footprint with unmined reference swamps. Soil moisture declined without recovery in swamps with mine subsidence (i.e., undermined), but was maintained in reference swamps over 8years (effect size 1.8). Relative to burned reference swamps, burned undermined swamps showed greater loss of peat via substrate combustion; reduced cover, height, and biomass of regenerating vegetation; reduced postfire plant species richness and abundance; altered plant species composition; increased mortality rates of woody plants; reduced postfire seedling recruitment; and extirpation of a hydrophilic animal. Undermined swamps therefore showed strong symptoms of postfire ecosystem collapse, whereas reference swamps regenerated vigorously. We found that an anthropogenic stressor diminished the resilience of an ecosystem to recurring perturbations, predisposing it to collapse. Avoidance of ecosystem collapse hinges on early diagnosis of mechanisms and preventative risk reduction. It may be possible to delay or ameliorate symptoms of collapse or to restore resilience, but the latter appears unlikely in our study system due to fundamental alteration of a critical ecosystem driver. Efectos de las interacciones entre los estresantes antropogénicos y las perturbaciones recurrentes sobre la resiliencia y el colapso de los ecosistemas.

Experimental evidence of the impact of framing of actors and victims in conservation narratives.

Media narratives play a crucial role in framing marine conservation dilemmas by depicting human actors, such as fish consumers or the fishing industry, as responsible for negative effects of their actions on species and ecosystems. However, there is little evidence documenting how such narratives affect preferences for reducing bycatch. Behavioral science research shows that people can act less prosocially when more actors are responsible for a collective outcome (responsibility diffusion effect) and when more victims need to be helped (compassion fade effect); thus, the media's framing of actors and victims may have a significant effect on preferences. We conducted the first test of responsibility diffusion and compassion fade in a marine context in an online experiment (1548 participants in the United Kingdom). In 9 media narratives, we varied the type of actors responsible for fisheries bycatch (e.g., consumers and industry) and victims (e.g., a single species, multiple species, and ecosystems) in media narratives and determined the effects of the narratives on participants' support for bycatch policies and intentions to alter fish consumption. When responsibility for negative effects was attributed to consumers and industry, the probability of participants reporting support for fisheries policies (e.g., bycatch enforcement or consumer taxes) was ∼30% higher (odds ratio=1.32) than when only consumers were attributed responsibility. These effects were primarily driven by female participants. Narratives had no effect on personal intentions to consume fish. Varying the type of victim had no effect on policy support and intentions. Our results suggest that neither responsibility diffusion nor compassion fade automatically follows from increasing the types of actors and victims in media narratives and that effects can depend on the type of outcome and population subgroup.

Efecto de la obesidad, alcoholismo, gasto en salud y tabaquismo en la esperanza de vida al nacer

The objective of this article is to analyze and identify if there is enough evidence to assume that obesity, smoking and alcoholism, as well as health spending are variables that determine the behavior of life expectancy at birth. It is a quantitative study based on documentary information obtained from the OECD, with a correlational scope and a non-experimental approach. The results show enough evidence to infer that life expectancy for countriesthat belong to the OECD is being explained more significantly by obesity, alcoholism, and health spending. It is also demonstrated that the life expectancy of the countries included in the study is 80.7 years. It is concluded that in recent years, life expectancy has generally been increasing in most of the countries. Life expectancy is a topic of significant social interest so its research has identified several factors that impact its level. Due to the growing interest, the countries seek to develop policies and programs that would allow them to continue improving life expectancy. Thus, many countries focus their efforts on diminishing the negative impacts of the main affecting variables.

Generalization of threats attributed to large carnivores in areas of high human-wildlife conflict.

Fear-induced generalization of threats to noninimical stimuli is a behavioral tendency of humans to minimize exposure to potential threats. In human-carnivore conflict zones, people often generalize their fear of predation by obligate carnivores to nonobligate carnivores despite differences in species' predation rates. We investigated the effect of a perceived threat of large obligate carnivores to livestock on tolerance and perception of striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in an area of high human-carnivore conflict. We surveyed 197 households through asemistructured questionnaire to determine people's perception and tolerance of striped hyenas in Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves after identification of the current distribution range of hyena determined through camera trap and sign surveys. Through the random forest algorithm, we modeled the level of tolerance of striped hyena as a function of loss of livestock to predation and from disease, the perceived threat of predation by hyena, and other socioeconomic attributes. Animal husbandry was a major source of income but was severely affected by livestock loss due to predation and disease. Sixty-nine percent of people were uncertain about predatory behavior of hyena; out of that, 23% reported a negative conservation attitude. Only 6 instances of hyena depredation on livestock and 2 on dogs were reported. Our model confirmed that economic instability associated with increased loss to predation and disease, livestock dependency, and a decrease in family annual income negatively affected people's tolerance of hyena. Perceptual uncertainty related to predatory behavior of hyena also negatively affected people's tolerance. In our study area, economic instability and perceptual uncertainty led to generalization of fear of large carnivores to a nonobligate predator. Such generalization may affect the attitude of people toward many other species. Understanding the role of economic instability and perceptual uncertainty should facilitate conservation of species, such as the hyena, that are vulnerable to false generalization.

Efecto de la filtración por membranas de acetato de celulosa en la distribución de jugo de manzana golden delicious: Validación experimental de un modelo de simulación

Juice clarification through membranes is becoming an important technology due to its capacity to keep high quality and sensorial characteristics. In the clarification process, the particle size of the feed and the pore size of the membrane give important information about the characteristics and stabilization of the filtered juice. In this work we present an application of a previously reported novel computational simulation used to describe two apple juice filtration systems. Experimental data on the filtration of Golden Delicious (GD) apple juice after two different pre-filtration treatments was obtained and the effect on particle size distribution was studied. The experimental data was compared to the simulation results in which the final mean particle size of filtered juices is determined by the pore size distribution of the membrane and the feed particle size distribution. The error of the simulated values was <10% and therefore the model is valid as a first attempt to provide criteria for membrane selection in the filtration of apple juice and could be scaled to other filtration systems.

Efecto de la vinaza en el suelo de cultivo de Saccharum officinarum L. “caña de azúcar”

The research aims to determine the effect of vinasse on the soil of Saccharum Officinarum L. "sugar cane" crops. The sample used for the tests was obtained from the Distillery of the Casa Grande SAA company and the application was carried out together with the irrigation water by means of a cistern tank. It was carried out in 5 blocks with 3 repetitions, each block with the dose T1: Control, T2: 30 m3.ha-1, T3: 60 m3.ha-1, T4: 110 m3.ha-1, T5: 220 m3. ha-1, and the samples were analyzed at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 270 days after applying the vinasse. It was determined that there is a significant difference in the Electrical Conductivity (EC) and in the concentration of exchangeable and available potassium, while the pH, the Cation Exchange Capacity, Ca, Mg, Na, N, P, organic matter, carbonates and micronutrients like B and Cu, there is no significant difference. It is concluded that the application of vinasse in sugarcane crops has a significant effect on K, which is important in crop growth.

Gasificación de aserrín de pino: efecto de temperatura, tasa de oxígeno y vapor

The study of biomass gasification has gained great interest in recent decades, representing an attractive process for the production of energy and heat and the production of hydrogen and second-generation biofuels. The objective of this work is to characterize the composition of the producer gas, as well as its energy potential. Experiments are carried out in a fixed bed gasifier on a pilot plant scale, and bulk sawdust from pine wood is used as gasification raw material. The influence of process temperature (650-900 oC), oxygen rate (0.3-0.6) and steam / sawdust ratio on the gasification of pine sawdust are investigated. Results of this study show that the hydrogen content, both hydrogen and carbon conversion, the calorific value and the efficiency of the cold gas increase by increasing temperature and decreasing oxygen rate. The use of steam in the gasification process increases thermal efficiency and hydrogen content of the producer gas.

Simulación de la percolación eléctrica de nanotubos de carbono a través de una matriz de polimetilmetacrilato: análisis bidimensional y tridimensional usando el efecto de la tortuosidad de los nanoaditivos

The present work aims to study the simulation of the electrical percolation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polymethylmethacrylate matrix (PMMA). In order to do this, simulations were employed in two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses through a program developed by the Monte Carlo method, supported by the excluded volume model in order to analyze the geometric tortuosity in the polymeric matrix. The percolation threshold was analyzed by different aspect ratios, volumetric fractions and conductive load geometries. In the simulations, a decrease in the percolation threshold was observed when the aspect ratio increased and the particles became more tortuous, being these characteristics the parameters to evaluate both two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems. The results show percolation threshold values of 0.625% vol and aspect ratio of 1000 for two-dimensional analyses and, 0.08% vol and aspect ratio of 250 for three-dimensional analyses, being the adequacy to the main models for electrical percolation with tortuosity effect of the nanocarriers proposed by literature.

Efecto de la distribución del tamaño de partícula en el rendimiento electroquímico de un cátodo LiFePO4 en celdas de ion litio

LiFePO4 has structural and electrochemical advantages that make it an important candidate as a cathodic material. Its low cost, structural stability and low toxicity makes it a good option for energy backup systems. However, it is necessary to address the problem with its low ability to operate at high cycling speeds due its low electrical conductivity and low diffusion coefficient. In this work, the LiFePO4 powders were treated with ultrasound for different periods of time to study the effect of reducing the agglomerated particles in the wet mixture during the manufacturing stage. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, particle-size analysis and electrochemical methods. The results revealed that the ultrasonic treatment reduced the size particle of both active material and conductive additive improving the electrochemical behavior and specific capacity of the samples that were treated for longer periods of time.

Efecto de las condiciones de secado convectivo sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas, microbiológicas y termofísicas del queso cincho artesanal

The cincho artisanal cheese was dehydrated at drying temperature (50 °C, 55 °C and 60 °C), air velocity (0 m/s, 0.5 m/s, and 1 m/s), and particle size (0.5 mm, 25 mm, and 50 mm). The final moisture content and water activity values of dried cheese ranged from 2.74 % to 4.67 % and from 0.23 to 0.43, respectively.  The microbiological analysis of raw sample showed the presence of total coliform microorganisms (5.15 log FCU), molds and yeasts (4.99 log FCU), and lactobacillus (7.23 log FCU). The initial sodium chloride content, fat, ash, and protein content were 2.66%, 2.75%, 5.94%, and 19.14 %, respectively. At the end of the drying, sodium chloride, fat content, and protein content increment range from 3.8% to 6.21%, from 40.75 % to 53.90 %, and from 32.16% to 47.11 %, respectively. These properties can be combined with other foods providing the characteristics of fresh cheese.

Investigación del efecto de la promoción de ventas en el patrocinio de los clientes de electrodomésticos en la metrópolis de Lagos

This study investigated the effect of sales promotion on customer patronage of household appliances in Lagos State. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of sales promotion (discount, premiums, and demonstration) on customer patronage of household appliances. The methodology used was based on a descriptive research design. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The sample size was determined using simple random sampling technique. The sample size was One hundred and twentyfour (124) respondents, which was further analyzed using multiple-regression analysis. The findings revealed that there is a positive significant effect of sales promotion in terms of discounts and demonstration used in marketing and sales of household appliances to drive customer patronage. The study however found that the use of premium as a customer sales promotion to influence customer patronage of household appliances was insignificant. In light of the findings, the study recommended that companies that trade in household appliances should continue investing in trade discounts activities that help the customers to keep patronising their company and products.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on cardiology fellows academic training: beyond the clinical impact.

Determinar la percepción de los médicos internos residentes (MIR) de cardiología de España sobre el efecto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en su formación y la adaptación realizada por sus servicios. Estudio de corte transversal a través de una plataforma de encuesta digital con el objetivo de conocer la opinión individual de los MIR de cardiología sobre la influencia de la pandemia en su formación. Se realiza un análisis estadístico para determinar los factores que influyeron en la percepción de la formación afectada. Participó un total de 180 MIR de las 17 comunidades autónomas (CA). Los MIR de tercer año fueron los más afectados, junto con los que rotaban en imagen cardíaca. Los residentes de las CA con una prevalencia >5 casos/1,000 habitantes fueron los que mayor probabilidad tuvieron de ser desplazados de sus servicios. Según la opinión de los participantes, el efecto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en su formación fue más negativa en los residentes de tercer año y los que rotaban en imagen cardíaca. The objectives were to analyze the perception of the Cardiology Fellows in Training (FIT) of Spain about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their academic training and to know the adaptative changes performed by their department. A cross-sectional study performed through a digital survey platform for Cardiology FIT. Chi2 analysis and logistic regression were performed to determine the factors that influenced on the perception of an affected training. A total of 180 FIT from the 17 regions of Spain participated. Third year FIT and those rotating in cardiac imaging were the most affected with statistically significant difference. The residents of the regions with a prevalence of >5 cases/1,000 inhabitants were the most likely to be displaced from their departments. According to the opinion of the participants, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their academic training was more negative in third year FITs and those rotating in cardiac imaging.

Efecto de la sustitución de grasa de cerdo por aceite de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) y harina de plátano sobre el rendimiento de cocción, contenido de grasa, índice de peróxidos y aceptabilidad general de hamburguesa

La tendencia del consumidor es regresar al consumo de alimentos sanos y naturales sin afectar su dieta diaria, en los hábitos alimentarios actuales destacan productos cárnicos fáciles de preparar y consumir como hamburguesas. En la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto de la sustitución de grasa cerdo por dos concentraciones de aceite de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) (5% y 10%) y tres concentraciones de harina de plátano (Musa paradisiaca L.) (2%, 4% y 6%) variedad Inguiri sobre el rendimiento de cocción, el contenido de grasa, el índice de peróxidos y la aceptabilidad general de hamburguesa de carne de vacuno. El efecto de la sustitución de grasa de cerdo por aceite de sacha inchi y harina de plátano para rendimiento de cocción, contenido de grasa e índice de peróxidos fue significativo (p < 0,05). El tratamiento con sustitución de grasa de cerdo por aceite de sacha inchi al 5% y harina de plátano al 6% permitió obtener el menor valor de índice de peróxidos (12,17 meq O2/kg), mejor aceptabilidad general (6,27 puntos), contenido de grasa (17,23%) y rendimiento de cocción (90,56%) en hamburguesa de carne de vacuno (Bos taurus).

Efecto de la Sustitución de Petróleo por Gas Natural en la Calidad del Ai-re, generado en la empresa Cantarana, Chimbote, Perú, 2018-2020

The replacement of R500 oil by natural gas in air quality and energy costs in the production of fishmeal was evaluated at the Cantarana de Chimbote company from 2018-2020. Both particulate matter (PM2.5) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), using high volume air collectors, gravimeter, flow meter and fluorescência concentrations (μg/m³) were quantified, then projected with equivalences of calorifica energy, fuel consumption and market rates. The results showed that H₂S and PM2.5 grew as residual oil consumption increased 500 (gal/day) from 1.3 to 7.0 and from 2.61 to 44.97 μg/m³ respectively at speeds of 0.0017 and 0.0091 μg/m³ per gallon consumed of oil per day. With natural gas, H2S and PM2.5 showed a reduction from 0.0270 to 0.1452 and from 0.0415 to 0.7136 μg/m³, corresponding to 97.2% and 98.41% respectively, and 15.49% of the total cost was reduced with energy performance of 15.83%. The study shows that the replacement of R500 oil by natural gas projects a permanent positive environmental and economic effect.

Maduración postcosecha de Pouteria lucuma: Efecto de las condiciones de almacenamiento en los componentes fisicoquímicos, metabolitos y capacidad antioxidante e hipoglucemiante

Inadequate storage conditions can affect the sensory, physicochemical, and functional properties of tropical fruits such as Pouteria lucuma; which is a climacteric fruit, with a pleasant aroma and flavor; Peru being the main producer and exporter of this fruit, postharvest storage conditions have not been studied to maintain its properties. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of the storage conditions on the main physicochemical components, primary and secondary metabolites, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic capacity during postharvest ripening, under two storage conditions: ambient (29 °C and 70% RH) and climatic chamber (15 °C and 90% RH). Regarding the physicochemical characteristics, the state of maturity influenced acidity, pH, reducing sugars, starch, dietary fiber, firmness, pulp color and epicarp. In climate-controlled storage, glucose is the only metabolite that increases; while fructose, alcohol sugars and amino acids (Ala and Val), present higher values ​​under ambient conditions; sucrose, organic acids, amino acids (Tyr, Glu, Asp and Thr), β-carotene, total phenolic compounds and total carotenoids were not affected by the type of storage. The measure of antioxidant and hypoglycemic capacity decreased significantly (p < 0,05), showing to be affected only by the state of maturity. The study of the carotenoid profile according to its spectrum (UV-vis) showed the presence of the group of xanthophylls. The results indicate that the state of maturity concerning the storage condition influenced most of the changes studied.

Efectos de la fibra dietética en la reducción de factores de riesgo cardiovasculares asociados a la obesidad

La obesidad es una pandemia que afecta a más de 650 millones de personas en todo el mundo. Los principales efectos del aumento y la acumulación de grasa corporal son la resistencia a la insulina, la dislipidemia y la hipertensión, los cuales son factores de riesgo para presentar enfermedades cardiovasculares. Por lo tanto, una de las terapias nutricionales para revertir estas alteraciones es el consumo de fibra dietética, que al evadir la digestión por enzimas humanas y la absorción intestinal, tienen efectos en todo el tracto digestivo disminuyendo la absorción de macronutrientes, aumentando la saciedad y modificando la microbiota intestinal. Por lo mencionado anteriormente, la presente revisión tiene como objetivo describir los efectos de la fibra dietética en la reducción de los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares asociados a la obesidad. Para el desarrollo de tal objetivo describiremos los factores de riesgo mencionados. Asimismo, describiremos la fibra dietética y los mecanismos implicados en la reducción de dichos factores.

Efecto de los factores climáticos en las fases fenológicas de Mauritia flexuosa Lf. en plantaciones de terraza baja en Ucayali, Perú

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of air temperature and rainfall on the phenological development of Mauritia flexuosa in plantations located in Ucayali, Peru. For this, during a 24-month period, 191 19-year-old palm trees were evaluated, distributed in three plantations established on low terrace soils. The results showed that the 45% of palm trees did not manifest their sexual maturity, meanwhile, 42% and 13% of individuals with male and female sex, respectively, were verified. It was found that the phenological cycle was biannual, with overlapping phenophases and staggered events. In female individuals, maximum flowering was observed in phenophase FLA1 (4-5%) from September to November 2018 and maximum fruiting FRM1 (4-6%) from October 2018 to January 2019; In male individuals, the FLA2 flowering phenophase occurs in two periods between September 2018 and February 2020, meanwhile, the open flower phenophase of both sexes is synchronous in a higher proportion between September and November. It was determined that pluvial precipitation and air temperature (maximum and minimum) did not show correlation (p ≤ 0.05) with the productive phenophases of Mauritia flexuosa. The pluvial precipitation, the maximum temperature and the minimum air temperature showed null association with each one of the phenological phases of the Mauritia flexuosa palm trees during the evaluation period. In order to obtain information for the planning of silvicultural management activities for the conservation of the species, it is recommended to evaluate for more years the influence of climatic elements on the productive development of Mauritia flexuosa.

Model for the approximate assessment of nitrogen content in swollen reduced iron ore from single measurements

A method of calculation has been derived to assess the nitrogen estimated content in iron reduced samples. The method is based on the review of observations and laboratory measurements of relationships between the rate of reduction and the corresponding metallic iron formation during the reduction process. The metallic iron formation has been calculated from relationships that apply to a wide variety of types of ores undergoing reduction under a nitrogen-containing gas mixture in proportions above 50% by volume. The empirical correlations found between the rates of metallization, the sample swelling index, and the equilibrium nitrogen solubility in iron can be used for determined the approximate final content of nitrogen in the reduced samples from the estimated and measured final volume of the reduced specimens. It is necessary to have an accurate analysis of the starting sample as well as the reducibility information.
 Keywords: Iron ore, nitriding, catastrophic swelling, rate of metallization, reduction degree.
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