Educational Output Research Articles

Enhancing multimodal output in CLIL education: the impact of VR games on fourth-grade students’ English poster designs and presentations in Taiwan

Despite the growing recognition of the importance of multimodal input and digital virtual reality (VR) games in enhancing EFL learners’ productive language skills, a significant gap remains in empirical research examining their impact on multimodal output—particularly writing and speaking—within content and language integrated learning (CLIL) science education. This quasi-experimental study addresses this gap by investigating the potential benefits of using VR games to enhance fourth-grade CLIL students’ productive language skills, specifically writing and speaking, through the analysis of their ability to convey scientific concepts in multimodal output. Grounded in self-regulated learning (SRL) theory, the study compares the effects of multimodal input embedded in VR games with those of traditional PowerPoint (PPT)-led games on students’ English poster designs (writing) and oral presentations (speaking), using the 4Cs (Content, Communication, Cognition, and Culture) framework in multimodal assessments. The study involved 81 fourth-grade students from three Taiwanese public elementary schools, divided into an experimental group (EG = 40) using VR-based games and a control group (CG = 41) using PPT-led games for content review. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative evaluations with rubrics based on the 4Cs framework and qualitative rater reflections to provide a comprehensive understanding of how different review methods influenced student performance and creative output. Quantitative findings revealed that students using VR review games significantly outperformed those using traditional PPT games in aspects of Content and Cognition for both poster designs and presentations, demonstrating greater depth, accuracy, and application of scientific concepts and higher-order cognitive skills. In terms of Communication, the EG showed higher target vocabulary usage and sentence complexity in presentations, but no significant differences were found in Culture outcomes between the groups or in Communication in posters. Expert raters’ reflections further highlighted that students using VR games exhibited more innovative and integrated use of scientific content, critical thinking, and multimodal expressions, reflecting deeper engagement with the material. This study empirically demonstrates that game-based virtual reality learning environments (VRLEs) significantly enhance students’ multimodal output in content and cognitive skills. Theoretically, it extends the application of SRL in CLIL contexts by highlighting the potential of VRLEs to foster advanced cognitive skills and emphasizes the importance of multimodal assessments in capturing comprehensive student learning outcomes. Future research should explore integrating cultural content into VR environments to enhance students’ cultural awareness and sensitivity.

Projected health workforce requirements and shortage for addressing the disease burden in the WHO Africa Region, 2022–2030: a needs-based modelling study

IntroductionAn adequate health workforce (HWF) is essential to achieving the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), including universal health coverage. However, weak HWF planning and constrained fiscal space for...

Exploring the geospatial variations in the public health workforce: implications for diversifying the supply of potential workers in governmental settings.

The US public health workforce has markedly declined, falling from 500 000 individuals in 1980 to 239 000 by 2022, a trend exacerbated by economic instability and an aging demographic. There was a temporary surge in staffing through emergency hires during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the permanence of these positions remains uncertain. Concurrently, public health degree conferrals have sharply increased, creating a mismatch between the growing number of graduates and the actual needs of health departments. This study analyzes the distribution of the potential public health labor supply within a 50- and 150-mile radius of health departments, revealing a significant regional imbalance. Most regions experience substantial differences in the concentration of public health graduates when accounting for population size, reflecting geographic disparities in workforce distribution. These findings underscore the necessity for structured partnerships between health departments and educational institutions and advocacy for adaptive policy changes to align educational outputs with labor market demands, essential for a resilient public health workforce.

Linking Education Data in Wales (UK) – Methodology and Lessons Learned

There are separate data collections across education phases in Wales (UK). Each use a different unique learner identifier. The matched education dataset project used advanced data linking methods to produce a set of pseudo identifiers for each learner that can be matched back to the original datasets to undertake specific, de-identified analysis. The first phase of the project involved data cleaning, preparation, and the creation of new derived variables. The second phase established the linking methodology, developing and advanced data linking techniques and algorithms including frequency matching and phonetic string comparators. At each stage of the project the data linking was sequential, ranging from exact to more fuzzy matching. During the code development the approach was uniquely tailored to each data set and constantly fine-tuned to ensure the highest possible match rate while reducing potential for false matches. The resulting linked education data sets are used in a number of ways for statistical and research purposes to support the formation of evidence-based policies. This has included research into raising the compulsory education age and the evaluation of learner journeys during the pandemic. Robust linked data facilitates analysis examining the progression of learners through the education system in Wales. There is a broad scope of future analysis planned and the matched education outputs will be used extensively in the evaluation of learner journeys post pandemic to inform Welsh Government policy. The matched education dataset project involved researching and upskilling in data linkage methodology, we hope to disseminate the lessons learned widely.

Institutional Facilities and Quality of Students’ Educational Experience, The Case of Universities in Kenya

The role of education in enhancing individual and societal well-being has been well established. Social and economic systems place education at the center of efforts to improve the knowledge and skills of those in productive sectors of the economy. It is resources that oil the gears and propel education production systems. Resource allocations must therefore target components of the systems that have the greatest impact on social wellness. Higher education institutions (HEI) are perceived as organizations that seek to optimally allocate resources to maximize quality educational outputs, which drive socio-economic development. Evidence indicates that facilities as a resource rank second among expenditure costs after personnel emoluments. The extent to which facilities contribute to an institution’s operations and value is a matter that interests this study. The question to answer was: is there a nexus between facilities, their use and the quality of students’ educational experience to justify such cost outlay? This study sought to investigate stakeholder perception of the role of facilities in enhancing education quality in universities. A descriptive survey research design was used. A sample of 524 respondents from both public and private universities was selected using both purposive and proportionate random sampling techniques. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected using questionnaires, observation guides and interview guides. Qualitative data was transcribed, and presented in themes. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Percentages, means, and chi-square (χ2) was used to determine stakeholder perceptions of the role of facilities in enhancing the quality of university education experience, and to determine the existence of a relationship between perceptions in public and private universities. All statistical inferences were made at α = 0.05. This study is likely to benefit university management decisions on levels of enrolment vis-à-vis facilities and resources for university education. It provides evidence on the relationship between facilities and the quality of education experience and the value institutions derive from facilities use and management. Sponsors of public education may make informed choices in favor of institutional inputs that impact student experience, and encourage universities to prioritize social value in what they offer

Aspects of Throughput Rate and Scientific Output in Doctoral Education: Changes over Time at the Departmental Level

Doctoral education has been shaped by a continuous interaction between the research community and representatives of the governmental authorities. In Sweden, doctorates were organised into structured educational programmes in 1969. In this study, the development of doctoral education in Medical Radiation Physics at Lund University, Sweden, was analysed over approximately 50 years, in terms of quantitative parameters related to throughput rate and scientific production making up the doctoral theses. Theses from two time periods (1970 to 1999 versus 2001 to 2023) were compared in terms of the total number of full papers (either accepted or in manuscript form), number of accepted full papers and number of accepted full papers as first author. For all three categories of included papers, median values were not significantly different between the two time periods while the variances were significantly smaller for the period 2001 to 2023 (level of significance 0.05). The time between admission and thesis defence decreased with time, according to linear correlation analysis, while the number of supervisors increased. Doctoral theses showed a significantly more uniform composition after a major political reform in 1998. Hence, doctoral education can be described as becoming more efficient and predictable. It is suggested that the primary causes include the introduction of individual study plans and secured personal financial support. The increased efficiency can also be problematised regarding, for example, insufficient independence and limited freedom of research.

Metode Pembelajaran Dalam Perspektif Alqur’an Dan Hadits

Method is the most important element in the Islamic education learning process. Because methods are among the determining factors for the success or failure of education and learning. And it would be good if the learning methods were appropriate and relevant to the needs and conditions of students in the learning process. The output in Islamic education is the confirmation that students must have the ability to understand, believe and practice Islamic teachings as a concrete result of the learning process. And to make this happen, learning methods in Islamic education must be based on primary sources, namely the Koran and the Hadith of the Prophet SAW which have been tested for validity with current developments. Islamic education learning methods that can be applied according to the perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith include: the method of bil hikmah, example, stories, ibrah or mau'izah, habituation or habituation, parables, punishment and reward, lectures, discussions or dialogue and jidal or debate, question and answer, demonstration, and practice or repetition. In essence, the Qur'an or Hadith is a solution in the process of human life that must be studied and understood in order to achieve its essence in living human nature as a servant of Allah SWT.

AN INVESTIGATION INTO STUDENTS’ SENSE OF BELONGING: A CASE STUDY AT A UNIVERSITY IN VIETNAM

This study aimed to examine students' perceptions of belonging in their first year studying at “AUTHOR” University, explore significant factors affecting students' sense of belonging and find out how students’ sense of belonging influences their educational outputs. A mix method approach which combined both quantitative and qualitative analysis was used in this research. In the quantitative phase, 266 first-year students were asked to give their responses on a questionnaire which consisted of three sections. Section one was an adaption from The Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale (Goodenow, 1993) while the other sections involved items on factors affecting students' sense of belonging and the influences of students' belonging on educational outputs. In the qualitative phase, 20 first-year students (10 on-campus and 10 off-campus) took part in the semi-structure interviews. The results showed that the factors affecting students' sense of belonging to the university were academic factors (classroom comfort and instructor support), social factors (co-curricular involvement, peer connection, faculty support, and campus climate) and environmental factors (campus facilities and living space). Institutional factors, on the other hand, did not contribute to students' sense of belonging. Eventually, the findings revealed that students’ sense of belonging had a significant effect on their academic achievement, motivation and positive well-being. Meanwhile, loneliness and stress were relieved.

Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan Pondok Pesantren Nurul Huda Pragaan Sumenep Di Era 5.0

This research aims to determine the educational management of the Nurul Huda Islamic boarding school in the 5.0 era. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach, with the research object being the Nurul Huda Islamic Boarding School. Data analysis used analysis before in the field and during the field such as data reduction, data presentation, and Conclusion Drawing/Verification. Data collection procedures commonly used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the research show that in implementing the quality management of Islamic boarding schools, cooperation, and mutual reminders are needed so that the work programs that have been designed continue to improve so that the quality of Islamic boarding school education and graduates will be great. There are several supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of quality management in Islamic boarding schools, namely lack of awareness of the management in carrying out the tasks and responsibilities that have been given because they are busy with their interests, teachers are less active in teaching and often neglect the work program that has been designed. so that in its implementation many work programs were neglected. In conclusion, the quality management of Islamic boarding school education needs to be formulated carefully to be able to produce quality educational output. Keywords: Education Quality Management, Islamic Boarding School, era 5.0

Burn Model System educational outputs: Domestic and global dissemination

Knowledge translation and consumer testing aims to move research findings from scientists, professional journals, and conferences to the hands of end-users and organizations who use the information regularly. The purpose of this report is to outline the process by which the Burn Model System (BMS) has worked with the Model System Knowledge Translation Center (MSKTC) to develop and disseminate patient education materials to consumers. The National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research-funded BMS in collaboration with the MSKTC uses a multi-step process for developing and consumer-testing evidence-based/consensus-derived educational information prioritized by consumers. The final written products are made available in both English and Spanish at/below an 8th grade reading level. Products are disseminated through websites, clinical encounters, social media, and national/international engagement with clinicians and burn-related organizations. Written products are reviewed every five years to ensure they remain current and relevant. Number of online views for each product is a key measure of dissemination. Since 2011, the collaboration between the BMS and the MSKTC has produced or updated 22 educational factsheets, three videos, three infocomics, and one infographic. Collectively, these products have been viewed over two million times by people in 216 countries. Online views of all products have generally increased year-to-year. This process makes relevant health information accessible and understandable for consumers. As a result, Burn Model System informational products have been increasingly viewed by US and international consumers.

Forecasting human resource needs for shaping Veterinary and Animal Husbandry sector in Amritkaal

The present study provides an in-depth exploration of the demand and supply landscape for human resources within India’s Veterinary and Animal Husbandry (VAH) sector, aiming to identify the current and future challenges in meeting the workforce needs. It assesses the demand for veterinary professionals, taking into account various influencing factors such as the sector’s historical growth trends, the emerging roles, challenges posed by technological advancements and the expected integration of various sectors. Simultaneously, the supply side is scrutinized through an analysis of educational output, considering both the potential increase in the number of training institutions and the anticipated fluctuations in graduation rates due to policy changes or other external factors. The core objective of this paper is to shed light on the significant discrepancy between the available supply of veterinary graduates and the burgeoning demand within the sector. This gap is underscored by the study’s projection of a gradual narrowing over the coming decades, attributed to strategic increases in educational capacity. However, the analysis suggests that substantial efforts in expanding the number of veterinary colleges will be essential to align the supply with the projected demand effectively. This assessment underlines the critical need for a concerted and strategic approach to bolster the sector’s human resource base, ensuring its capacity to meet future challenges.

Contextualizing islamic religious education in the 21st century in Indonesia

Education in the twenty-first century is essentially characterised by a contrast between Islamic education, which is seen in strict orthodoxy, and Western education, which tends to be secular. After this error was recognised, a concept known as the Islamization of science (a term used to describe the assimilation of Islamic principles into contemporary science) arose that attempted to reconcile Islam with knowledge. Moreover, internal issues within Islamic Religious Education itself are among the issues the organisation faces, necessitating the continuation of a structural dynamism process in order for it to endure and significantly impact the world. Islamic education faces a variety of issues in the twenty-first century, also referred to as the globalisation age. These issues include power dynamics and the direction of Islamic education, the professionalism and calibre of human resources, and curricular issues. Some people believe that practical demands, such as those of markets, fields, and employment, are the main influences on education. There is a loss of the essence of Islamic education as a basis for culture, morality, and social movement. Thus, in the twenty-first century, it is necessary to contextualise Islamic Religious Education. The findings demonstrated that the community's input, the educational process, and the educational product are the three principles that an Islamic educational institution uses to be adaptive. Several strategies, such as administrative modernization, structural differentiation, and capacity expansion, are employed in the 21st century to contextualise and dynamise Islamic Religious Education. Thus, the result of these contextualization efforts is the output of Islamic Religious Education, which also serves as an input for the community at large. This includes the production of political, economic, social, and cultural outcomes as well as changes in value systems.

The National Union of Journalists and Journalism Education in Interwar Britain

ABSTRACT Are journalists born or made? During the interwar period (1919–1939), the British National Union of Journalists (NUJ) grappled with this question, as the first university course for journalism was founded and more university-educated staff entered newsrooms. This article is the first to consider interwar journalists’ opinions on whether and how British journalists should be educated. Debates on journalism education continued until the 1990s, when university education became the norm for British journalists. This article explores the emergence of this contentious argument. Through the articles published in the pages of the NUJ’s monthly member magazine the Journalist, two strands of the NUJ’s activities on education are explored: the Union’s stance on the University of London Diploma for Journalism and the work of the NUJ’s Education Committee. During the interwar period, the National Union of Journalists developed educational output for its members. Unlike other British trade unions, the NUJ focused on providing its members with education that was directly related to their careers. These activities raised fundamental questions that went to the heart of the profession during a period when journalism’s professional identity in Britain was still evolving.

Unlocking Teacher Professional Performance: Exploring Teaching Creativity in Transmitting Digital Literacy, Grit, and Instructional Quality

Schools need teachers’ professional performance to ensure the quality of educational output. Therefore, this research explores teachers’ professional performance based on digital literacy, grit, and instructional quality mediated by teaching creativity. The research participants are 465 junior- and high-school teachers in Indonesia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is utilized in the data analysis, along with common method bias and correlational and descriptive analyses. The results show a significant relationship between digital literacy, grit, and instructional quality and teaching creativity and teacher professional performance. Teaching creativity also has a significant relationship with teachers’ professional performance and mediates the influence of digital literacy, grit, and instructional quality on teachers’ professional performance. This finding promotes a new empirical model of the causal relationship between digital literacy, grit, instructional quality, and teacher professional performance through teaching creativity. Consequently, it is proposed that teaching creativity, grit, digital literacy, and high-quality instruction can all improve teachers’ professional performance. Therefore, in order to advance teachers’ professional performance in the future, practitioners and researchers should discuss, modify, and possibly even adopt the new empirical model.

Strategic planning is a tool for developing the reality of the Faculties of Arts and aligning with the labor market

Strategic planning is considered a vital tool for the development of Arts Colleges in Iraq, as it helps to establish a clear and measurable vision and objectives that align with the colleges’ mission and future aspirations aimed at improving the quality of education and institutional development. This is achieved through analyzing the external and internal environment, such as evaluating infrastructure, teaching and learning resources, and the needs of students and the surrounding community. Strategic planning can identify opportunities and challenges faced by the colleges and develop strategies to deal with them. The importance of planning lies in the institution’s ability to align its educational outputs with the requirements of the job market and anticipate the skills and knowledge required from graduates. Colleges can develop educational programs that suit market needs and various sectors. These are implemented continuously with performance monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment as needed. This includes implementing development programs for faculty members and providing the necessary resources to improve the quality of education and scientific research. Strategic planning also encourages continuous communication with employers and relevant entities to ensure curriculum updates and effectively meet needs, increasing graduates’ employment opportunities and enhancing community development. The study concludes that strategic planning is an essential tool for the development of Arts Colleges in Iraq, as it helps direct efforts towards achieving educational and developmental goals that meet the needs of society and the job market effectively and sustainably.

Community-Based School Management Model Development in The Digital Era

This research is research that aims to develop a Community-Based School Management Model in the Digital Age. This study aims to develop a community participation model in education involving people or groups both at the implementation planning, evaluation, utilization of results, accountability and development in the education sector. In management science, the term participation is defined as a process of mental and emotional involvement in an activity. This study used research and development method to develop a well-adapted model to be integrated in primary schools for Indonesian context. A special model is needed in community-based school management to face challenges in the digital era. This model answers the gaps that occur related to school needs and community involvement in it as an effort to improve the quality of education, focusing on social demands to education output and outcome. Previously, it can be inferred from some studies that community-based management were not integrated optimally while stakeholders perceived school as a formal institutions rather than an important institution for culture, economics, knowledge to be developed. The newest model of school management was integrated on SDS Plus Al-Qodiri. It resulted on the Community-Based School Management Model in the Digital Age can be used as a guide for schools, not only partner schools but other schools with the same focus, to continue to adapt and respond to current challenges, especially in involving the community in the advancement of education.

OECD 고등교육 재정의 국제 비교

In this article we compare the higher education finance of advanced countries using OECD’s “Education at a Glance” data from 1998~2018. We first investigate the relationship among input side variables such as relative size of number of college students, relative size of per student expenditure, the portion of public expenditure in higher education finance. We find fundamental trade-off between the quality and quantity, as captured by the negative correlation between the per student expenditure-GDP per capita ratio and the number of college students compared to the total population. We also investigate the relationship between the input and outputs of higher education. The major findings are that the higher the portion of public expenditure in higher education finance, the lower the chance of having world’s top research universities. Meanwhile, the youth unemployment tends to be lower in countries that governments’ portion of higher education finance are large.

أثر التخطيط الاستراتيجي في مخرجات التعليم بكلية العلوم الإدارية بجامعة الطائف وفقاً لرؤية المملكة 2030

The study aimed to know the relationship between strategic planning and education outputs at the College of Administrative Sciences at Taif University in accordance with the Kingdom’s vision 2030, clarifying how Taif University applies strategic planning and benefiting from it in the educational outputs of the College of Administrative Sciences at Taif University in accordance with the Kingdom’s vision 2030, a statement of the impact of the dimensions of strategic planning (Vision, mission, strategic objectives, environment analysis) in the educational outcomes of the College of Administrative Sciences at Taif University in accordance with the Kingdom’s 2030 vision. The study used the descriptive analytical approach. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is the existence of a statistically significant relationship at the level of statistical significance (α≤0.05) between strategic planning and education outputs at the College of Administrative Sciences at Taif University in accordance with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, that the educational outputs of the College of Administrative Sciences at Taif University correspond to the vision of 2030. The study recommended many recommendations, including maintaining strategic planning at the College of Administrative Sciences at Taif University, encouraging the application of educational plans at the College of Administrative Sciences at Taif University and taking care of them, paying attention to the educational outputs of the College of Administrative Sciences at Taif University and considering them as one of the most important pillars of the labor market.

Settling into Campus Environment: Relationship between Teacher Trainees’ Sense of Belonging and Educational Outputs of Colleges of Education in Volti Zone, Ghana

The relationship between teacher trainees' sense of belonging and educational outputs is a crucial aspect of academic success. While we vouch that several studies have been conducted on this topic, the majority of these studies are carried out in higher education (universities) and developed countries. Sparse literature exists on teacher training colleges in emerging economies. This is the backdrop against which this research was conducted. Utilizing the correlational research design and surveys of 522 respondents, the study examined the relationship between teacher trainees' sense of belonging and educational outputs, using colleges of education of Volti Zone in Ghana as case studies. Findings revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between a sense of belonging and educational outputs of GPA (R = .648, p = .003); students' engagement (R = .191, p = .000); retention (R= .718, p = .016); and persistence (R = .423, p = .035). The study concludes that students' perception of a sense of belonging on college campuses is positively correlated with educational outputs at a 95% confidence level. Understanding and nurturing this connection holds the potential to enhance overall educational efficacy and contribute to a more inclusive and supportive learning environment.

Concept of Management Higher Islamic Education at Mohammad Natsir Institute of Da'wah

Quality Islamic education is education that produces graduates who have skills not only in one discipline, because the purpose of Islamic Education according to M. Natsir is to produce preachers who are sincere, have militancy and are competent. Various kinds of problems in the community, nationality and social dynamics of Indonesian society require graduates of Islamic universities to have diverse skills, including aspects of knowledge, faith, worship supported by noble morals. This research aims to reveal the concept of management of Islamic higher education at the M. Natsir College of Da'wah. The research method used is descriptive qualitative on the object of the literature studied, then using a case study to compile the concept of education management of STID Mohammad Natsir. The findings obtained, that the management of Islamic higher education at STID M. Natsir aims to produce preachers in all study programmes. Student input is done by selecting students from various regions and delegates of the Indonesian Islamic da'wah council from the competence of reading the Qur'an, basic understanding of Islam and orientation to become a preacher after graduation. The higher education process combines three components, namely mosque, Pesantren and campus, and the educational output is ready to become preachers in remote and inland areas. This concept was inspired by the educational ideas of Mr M. Natsir.